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61.
miR-126 regulates angiogenic signaling and vascular integrity 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Fish JE Santoro MM Morton SU Yu S Yeh RF Wythe JD Ivey KN Bruneau BG Stainier DY Srivastava D 《Developmental cell》2008,15(2):272-284
Precise regulation of the formation, maintenance, and remodeling of the vasculature is required for normal development, tissue response to injury, and tumor progression. How specific microRNAs intersect with and modulate angiogenic signaling cascades is unknown. Here, we identified microRNAs that were enriched in endothelial cells derived from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and in developing mouse embryos. We found that miR-126 regulated the response of endothelial cells to VEGF. Additionally, knockdown of miR-126 in zebrafish resulted in loss of vascular integrity and hemorrhage during embryonic development. miR-126 functioned in part by directly repressing negative regulators of the VEGF pathway, including the Sprouty-related protein SPRED1 and phosphoinositol-3 kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2/p85-beta). Increased expression of Spred1 or inhibition of VEGF signaling in zebrafish resulted in defects similar to miR-126 knockdown. These findings illustrate that a single miRNA can regulate vascular integrity and angiogenesis, providing a new target for modulating vascular formation and function. 相似文献
62.
Continuous antiretroviral therapy is currently the most effective way to treat HIV infection. Unstructured interruptions are quite common due to side effects and toxicity, among others, and cannot be prevented. Several attempts to structure these interruptions failed due to an increased morbidity compared to continuous treatment. The cause of this failure is poorly understood and often attributed to drug resistance. Here we show that structured treatment interruptions would fail regardless of the emergence of drug resistance. Our computational model of the HIV infection dynamics in lymphoid tissue inside lymph nodes, demonstrates that HIV reservoirs and evasion from immune surveillance themselves are sufficient to cause the failure of structured interruptions. We validate our model with data from a clinical trial and show that it is possible to optimize the schedule of interruptions to perform as well as the continuous treatment in the absence of drug resistance. Our methodology enables studying the problem of treatment optimization without having impact on human beings. We anticipate that it is feasible to steer new clinical trials using computational models. 相似文献
63.
Morten KJ Ashley N Wijburg F Hadzic N Parr J Jayawant S Adams S Bindoff L Bakker HD Mieli-Vergani G Zeviani M Poulton J 《Mitochondrion》2007,7(6):386-395
BACKGROUND: The quantitative loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) known as mtDNA depletion, often gives rise to liver disease. The diagnosis of mtDNA depletion syndrome is frequently imprecise, both for technical reasons and because of the lack of established age-adjusted normal ranges. We aimed to refine quantitative methods for diagnosing the hepatic type of mtDNA depletion syndrome, firstly by establishing an age-matched reference range for mitochondrial to nuclear DNA ratio (henceforth "mtDNA content") and secondly by investigating mtDNA in fibroblasts. METHODS: By comparing realtime PCR with an established method for quantifying mtDNA content we established a reference range for young children using biopsy and post-mortem material from patients <15 years. In addition, we investigated the arrangement of mtDNA in nucleoids from fibroblasts using fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: Both methods showed that the mtDNA content of liver increases rapidly over the perinatal period. In a patient whose liver mtDNA content fell, but remained within the reference range, early investigation and age-matched controls were essential, as we found a progressive increase in muscle mtDNA copy number, respiratory chain activity and muscle power with age. In three further patients, fluorescence microscopy of the fibroblasts proved diagnostic. In one case a movement disorder was an important pointer. CONCLUSIONS: These cases highlight the (i) need for comparing mtDNA copy number data generated from patients to DNA isolated from an age-matched normal range from the tissue of interest and (ii) the utility of mtDNA staining with PicoGreen as a method to detect aberrant nucleoid morphology in mtDNA depletion patient fibroblast lines when affected tissues are not available for measuring mtDNA copy number. 相似文献
64.
Davide Scaccini Davide Bramuzzo Cengiz Bostancı Massimo Faccoli Isabel Martinez-Sañudo Alexey Matov Alberto Zilli Alberto Pozzebon 《Journal of Applied Entomology》2023,147(3):239-243
The Asian walnut moth, Garella musculana (Erschov, 1874) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), is a major pest of walnut. Native to Central Asia, it was found to be invasive in 2008 in Sevastopol (Crimea) and nowadays widespread in Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and Russia. Here, we account for the finding of G. musculana in NE Italy (Veneto region) in 2021, where adults were found in a light lamp, representing the first record of the Asian walnut moth for this country and Western Europe. Adult specimens were identified morphologically on both external characters and genitalia features. G. musculana larvae and damage were also observed on a plantation of Juglans regia L. (Fagales: Juglandaceae) located in Veneto in October 2021. A COI-barcoding analysis was performed to attain a molecular characterization of our specimens and probate our morphological identification. However, because no sequence of G. musculana was present in major gene databases and the similarity of our sequences with those attributed to Garella ruficirra (Hampson, 1905) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) made clear that these taxa deserved further scrutiny regarding their specific distinction. Some subtle differences in the male terminalia could be found between them and their vast geographic distributions, but the strong similarity in most features calls for further morphological and genetical insights on a broad set of samples to assess whether they represent two closely related, substantially parapatric species, or a unique, geographically varying entity. Solving this issue may turn out crucial in the identification and proper management of walnut moths of the genus Garella. 相似文献
65.
Effendy Claudio Pettinari Massimo Ricciutelli Allan H. White 《Inorganica chimica acta》2005,358(13):4009-4018
1:2, 1:1, 3:2 and 6:2 AgX:L adducts (where L is a tridentate phosphine, in detail: 1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane (Me-triphos) and bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)phenylphosphine (Ph-triphos), X = O3SCF3, O3SCH3, BF4 or O2CCF3) have been synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR (1H, 31P and 19F) and ESI MS spectroscopy. The stoichiometry of the complexes is strongly dependent on the ligand to metal ratio employed and also on the nature of the counterion. 31P NMR (solution) data also show the complexes existing in solution, in some cases, however, disproportionating to adducts of different nuclearity. Oligonuclear species have been detected through ESI MS spectroscopy that has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for the identification of the solution species. AgBF4:Me-triphos (1:2) has been structurally characterized as [Ag(P,P′-Me-triphos)2](BF4) · H2O · 7/2 MeOH, while Ag(O3SCF3): Ph-triphos: H2O (6:2:4) is a spectacular two-dimensional polymer. 相似文献
66.
Cazzato A Capobianco ML Zambianchi M Favaretto L Bettini C Barbarella G 《Bioconjugate chemistry》2007,18(2):318-322
Oligomers of thiophene are widely studied compounds for their electronic and optoelectronic properties. Despite their strong fluorescence, their use as markers for biomolecules, especially for oligonucleotides (ONs), is still largely unexplored. Here, we describe the synthesis of a series of ON molecular beacons employing different oligothiophenes as fluorescent probes and discuss their fluorescence emissions in comparative experiments with and without dabcyl as a quencher, in their hairpin and linear conformations, and as duplexes after hybridization with a complementary target. 相似文献
67.
Faina Vikhanskaya Eugenio Erba Maurizio D'Incalci Massimo Broggini 《Experimental cell research》1996,227(2):380
The expression of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk), and cdk inhibitors was evaluated in clones from a human ovarian cancer cell line transfected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of p53, after treatment with the anticancer agents doxorubicin (DX) and AMSA. The two drugs were selected on the basis of their activity in these clones, since AMSA is equally active in cells expressing mutated or wild-type (wt) p53, while DX was much less cytotoxic in cells expressing wt p53. In untreated cells, the expression of wt p53 induced an accumulation of cells in the G2 and perhaps also the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Concomitantly cyclin B1 and cdc2 increased. Cyclin E and particularly D1 levels were also raised by wt p53 expression. Treatment of mutated p53-expressing cells (SK23a cells kept at 37°C) with DX or, more so, with AMSA, resulted in a strong accumulation of cyclin B1 and cdc2, in accordance with their ability to block cells in G2 phase of the cell cycle. Wt p53-expressing cells (SK23a cells kept at 32°C) treated with the drugs showed an increase in p21 expression and consequently decreased kinase activity after immunoprecipitation with p21 antibodies. Cdc2-associated kinase activity was also reduced in these conditions. We could also observe a decrease in the percentage of cells in G1 and G2 phases and an accumulation of cells in S phase after both DX and AMSA. Cdk2, retinoblastoma, and p27 levels did not change significantly. Treatment with DX or AMSA caused similar effects, suggesting that p53-induced changes in cyclin, cdk, and cdk inhibitors after DNA damage are not responsible for the marked reduction in the cytotoxicity of DX we observed in wt p53-expressing cells. 相似文献
68.
Milano F Trotta M Dorogi M Fischer B Giotta L Agostiano A Maróti P Kálmán L Nagy L 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》2012,44(3):373-384
Photosynthetic reaction center (RC) is the minimal nanoscopic photoconverter in the photosynthetic membrane that catalyzes the conversion of solar light to energy readily usable for the metabolism of the living organisms. After electronic excitation the energy of light is converted into chemical potential by the generation of a charge separated state accompanied by intraprotein and ultimately transmembrane proton movements. We designed a system which fulfills the minimum structural and functional requirements to investigate the physico/chemical conditions of the processes: RCs were reconstituted in closed lipid vesicles made of selected lipids entrapping a pH sensitive indicator, and electron donors (cytochrome c? and K?[Fe(CN)?]) and acceptors (decylubiquinone) were added to sustain the photocycle. Thanks to the low proton permeability of our preparations, we could show the formation of a transmembrane proton gradient under illumination and low buffering conditions directly by measuring proton-related signals simultaneously inside and outside the vesicles. The effect of selected ionophores such as gramicidin, nigericin and valinomycin was used to gain more information on the transmembrane proton gradient driven by the RC photochemistry. 相似文献
69.
Classification and prediction of clinical Alzheimer's diagnosis based on plasma signaling proteins 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Ray S Britschgi M Herbert C Takeda-Uchimura Y Boxer A Blennow K Friedman LF Galasko DR Jutel M Karydas A Kaye JA Leszek J Miller BL Minthon L Quinn JF Rabinovici GD Robinson WH Sabbagh MN So YT Sparks DL Tabaton M Tinklenberg J Yesavage JA Tibshirani R Wyss-Coray T 《Nature medicine》2007,13(11):1359-1362
A molecular test for Alzheimer's disease could lead to better treatment and therapies. We found 18 signaling proteins in blood plasma that can be used to classify blinded samples from Alzheimer's and control subjects with close to 90% accuracy and to identify patients who had mild cognitive impairment that progressed to Alzheimer's disease 2-6 years later. Biological analysis of the 18 proteins points to systemic dysregulation of hematopoiesis, immune responses, apoptosis and neuronal support in presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
70.
Massimo Scandura Laura Iacolina Marco Apollonio Francesco Dessì-Fulgheri Mariella Baratti 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2010,56(1):33-42
Four Alectoris species inhabit the Mediterranean area, where they represent important gamebirds subject to human manipulations. The Sardinian
partridge is peculiar in Europe, in that it belongs to the African species Alectoris barbara. Nevertheless, no comprehensive study has as yet investigated its genetic status as regards both the extant levels of genetic
diversity and the possible contamination due to introgressive hybridization with other Mediterranean species. For the purposes
of this study, we analyzed 65 samples of Sardinian partridges, 40 of which came from the wild population and 25 from captive
stocks. No one of them showed a mtDNA polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism haplotype assigned
to another species than A. barbara, thus, ruling out a possible introgression in the maternal line. In addition, we compared these samples with 94 partridges
from other circum-Mediterranean populations using a set of eight chicken (Gallus gallus) microsatellites. A low level of genetic variation was observed in the Sardinian population (H
E = 0.310; k
AR = 2.69), comparable only to that observed in the Sicilian rock partridge (A. graeca). The comparison with the Tunisian population showed that its present genetic composition is consistent with a historical
introduction from North Africa, showing possible effects of a post-introductional genetic drift. Bayesian tests assigned all
but one individuals with >90% probability to A. barbara, thus, providing evidence that no or only a few exotic Alectoris genes have introgressed into Sardinian partridges. 相似文献