A review of physiological and metabolic effects of essential amino acids

Summary The authors review ten essential amino acids with regard to their metabolic, physiologic and therapeutic effects throughout the human body. Physical properties of these biologically active compounds are discussed as a foundation for their diverse roles in special nitrogen containing products, neurotransmitters, and as alternative energy sources. Both normal and abnormal amino acid metabolism are considered in the areas of digestion, elimination of metabolic products, metabolic intermediates, and defects in these systems. Recent developments in therapeutic applications are further examined for clinical utility and as an economical alternative to traditional clinical treatment modalities.     

New Technique for Mass Assays of Physiological Characteristics of Unicellular Algae

An apparatus is described and illustrated which enables an investigator to inoculate simultaneously a large number of unicellular algal suspensions onto an agar surface. These inoculations may be repeated an indefinite number of times with a very small amount of inoculum. Good results have been obtained from tests in which large numbers of algae were placed onto selective media containing various amounts of many antibiotics, growth factors, sugars, etc.     

Variable responses to high density of female Mus musculus: A merger of two population regulation hypotheses

Summary Grouping of female Mus musculus resulted in an increase in mean estrous cycle length from 4 to 12 days, yet some short cycles were still observed. Short cycles were attributed to certain females who consistently maintained a short cycling pattern as well as females who exhibited both short and long cycles. Upon breeding, females that continued to show a short cycle when grouped produced and weaned more young than females with suppressed cycles. No differences in mean weaning weight or sex ratio of the litters was observed. The ecological and evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.     

Germination of Phyllosticta ampelicidaPycnidiospores: Prerequisite of Adhesion to the Substratum and the Relationship of Substratum Wettability

Pycnidiospores of Phyllosticta ampelicida, the causal agent of black rot of grape, were found to germinate only on substrata on which they were firmly attached. Such surfaces were poorly wettable and had advancing contact angles (straight thetaa) formed by a water drop of >80°, e.g., grape leaf, polystyrene, Teflon, polycarbonate, collodion, and glass treated with the silanes n-octadecyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, or diphenyldichlorosilane. When pycnidiospores were deposited on more wettable surfaces they did not attach firmly and did not germinate. Such highly wettable surfaces had straight thetaa 相似文献