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801.
Protoplasts of three fungi of Boletaceae,Suillus luteus, S. grevillei, andBoletinus cavipes, were prepared with yields of 45, 8.0, and 1.8×107/g fresh mycelia under the optimal conditions, respectively. Nucleate protoplasts accounted for 42% of the whole preparation
ofS. luteus and 32% of that ofS. grevillei, and 21% of the nucleate protoplasts ofS. luteus and 35% of those ofS. grevillei possesed two nuclei. Regeneration efficiency of protoplasts was 0.4% forS. luteus and 0.05% forS. grevillei. The regeneration ofB. cavipes protoplasts was also confirmed. Optimal conditions for regeneration were determined. Addition of gellan gum instead of agar
to the medium and activated charcoal treatment of agar medium increased the regeneration efficiency significantly. 相似文献
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806.
Ken-ichi Inoue Shigeru Toyoda Teruo Jojima Shichiro Abe Masashi Sakuma Teruo Inoue 《Experimental Animals》2021,70(2):194
One of the leading risk factors for atherosclerosis is obesity, which is commonly caused by a nutrient-rich Western-style diet, sedentary behaviors, and shift work. Time-restricted (TR) feeding and intermittent fasting are both known to prevent overweight and adiposity, improve glucose tolerance, and decrease plasma cholesterol in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Here we examined the overall effects of TR feeding of a Western diet (fat, 40.5 Kcal%; cholesterol, 0.21 g%) using 8-week-old Apoe−/− mice. Mice were assigned into three groups: (1) an ad libitum (AL) group fed an AL Western diet, (2) a TR group with restricted access to a Western diet (15 h/day, 12:00 to 3:00 Zeitgeber time [ZT]); and (3) an Ex/TR group fed a TR Western diet and subjected to physical exercise at 12:00 ZT. Mice in the AL group gained body weight rapidly during the 14-week observation period. With TR feeding, excessive weight gain, liver adiposity, visceral fat, and brown adipose tissue volume were effectively suppressed. Although TR feeding failed to decrease Oil Red O-stained aortic plaques in Apoe−/− mice, physical exercise significantly decreased them. Neither TR feeding with exercise nor that without exercise decreased the mean area under the curve of the plasma cholesterol level or the fasting plasma glucose. Collectively, TR feeding of a Western diet prevented the development of obesity but failed to ameliorate atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice. 相似文献
807.
Regulation of Polyphosphoinositide Metabolism in Pea Plasma Membranes by Elicitor and Suppressor from a Pea Pathogen, Mycosphaerella pinodes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Toyoda Kazuhiro; Shirashi Noriaki; Yoshioka Hirofumi; Yamada Tetsuji; Ichinose Yuki; Oku Hachiro 《Plant & cell physiology》1992,33(4):445-452
Effects of the elicitor and the suppressor from a pea pathogen,Mycosphaerella pinodes, on polyphosphoinositide metabolism inpea plasma membranes were examined in vitro. Lipid phosphorylationin the isolated pea plasma membrane was drastically stimulatedby the elicitor, but markedly inhibited by the suppressor. Asimilar inhibitory effect was observed by the treatment withorthovanadate or K-252a that blocked pisatin production inducedby the elicitor. Neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic thatinteracts with the polyphosphoinositide metabolism, also affectedthe lipid phosphorylation in vitro and blocked the elicitor-inducedaccumulation of pisatin in vivo. These results suggest thatrapid changes of polyphosphoinositide metabolism in pea plasmamembranes is one of indispensable processes during the elicitationof defense responses. (Received January 22, 1992; Accepted March 23, 1992) 相似文献
808.
We studied the role of glucokinase translocation between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in hepatocytes. In cultured hepatocytes, both the translocation of glucokinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the rate of glucose phosphorylation were increased when cells were incubated with high concentrations of glucose. The addition of low concentrations of fructose, which is known to stimulate glucose phosphorylation, stimulated both glucokinase translocation and glucose phosphorylation. There was a good correlation between the increase in cytoplasmic glucokinase induced by fructose and that in the glucose phosphorylation rate induced by fructose. Furthermore, we observed a linear relationship between cytoplasmic glucokinase activity and rate of glucose phosphorylation over various glucose concentrations in the absence or presence of fructose. These results indicate that glucose phosphorylation in hepatocytes depended on glucokinase in the cytoplasmic compartment--that is, the increase in the rate of glucose phosphorylation was due to the increase in translocation of glucokinase out of the nucleus. Also, oral administration of glucose, fructose, or glucose plus fructose to 24-h fasted rats induced translocation of glucokinase in the liver. All of these results indicate that hepatic glucose metabolism is regulated by the translocation of glucokinase. 相似文献
809.
Hiroko Kawai-Toyooka Toshiyuki Mori Takashi Hamaji Masahiro Suzuki Bradley J. S. C. Olson Tomohiro Uemura Takashi Ueda Akihiko Nakano Atsushi Toyoda Asao Fujiyama Hisayoshi Nozaki 《Eukaryotic cell》2014,13(5):648-656
Male and female, generally defined based on differences in gamete size and motility, likely have multiple independent origins, appearing to have evolved from isogamous organisms in various eukaryotic lineages. Recent studies of the gamete fusogen GCS1/HAP2 indicate that this protein is deeply conserved across eukaryotes, and its exclusive and/or functional expression generally resides in males or in male homologues. However, little is known regarding the conserved or primitive molecular traits of males and females within eukaryotes. Here, using morphologically indistinguishable isogametes of the colonial volvocine Gonium pectorale, we demonstrated that GCS1 is differently regulated between the sexes. G. pectorale GCS1 molecules in one sex (homologous to male) are transported from the gamete cytoplasm to the protruded fusion site, whereas those of the other sex (females) are quickly degraded within the cytoplasm upon gamete activation. This molecular trait difference might be conserved across various eukaryotic lineages and may represent male and female prototypes originating from a common eukaryotic ancestor. 相似文献
810.