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101.
102.
Michiyo Takahara Haruka Sakaue Yukiko Onishi Marifu Yamagishi Yuichiro Kida Masao Sakaguchi 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2013,430(2):567-572
Nascent chain release from membrane-bound ribosomes by the termination codon was investigated using a cell-free translation system from rabbit supplemented with rough microsomal membrane vesicles. Chain release was extremely slow when mRNA ended with only the termination codon. Tail extension after the termination codon enhanced the release of the nascent chain. Release reached plateau levels with tail extension of 10 bases. This requirement was observed with all termination codons: TAA, TGA and TAG. Rapid release was also achieved by puromycin even in the absence of the extension. Efficient translation termination cannot be achieved in the presence of only a termination codon on the mRNA. Tail extension might be required for correct positioning of the termination codon in the ribosome and/or efficient recognition by release factors. 相似文献
103.
Masatsugu Toyota Norifumi Ikeda Satoe Sawai‐Toyota Takehide Kato Simon Gilroy Masao Tasaka Miyo Terao Morita 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2013,76(4):648-660
The starch‐statolith hypothesis proposes that starch‐filled amyloplasts act as statoliths in plant gravisensing, moving in response to the gravity vector and signaling its direction. However, recent studies suggest that amyloplasts show continuous, complex movements in Arabidopsis shoots, contradicting the idea of a so‐called ‘static’ or ‘settled’ statolith. Here, we show that amyloplast movement underlies shoot gravisensing by using a custom‐designed centrifuge microscope in combination with analysis of gravitropic mutants. The centrifuge microscope revealed that sedimentary movements of amyloplasts under hypergravity conditions are linearly correlated with gravitropic curvature in wild‐type stems. We next analyzed the hypergravity response in the shoot gravitropism 2 (sgr2) mutant, which exhibits neither a shoot gravitropic response nor amyloplast sedimentation at 1 g . sgr2 mutants were able to sense and respond to gravity under 30 g conditions, during which the amyloplasts sedimented. These findings are consistent with amyloplast redistribution resulting from gravity‐driven movements triggering shoot gravisensing. To further support this idea, we examined two additional gravitropic mutants, phosphoglucomutase (pgm) and sgr9, which show abnormal amyloplast distribution and reduced gravitropism at 1 g . We found that the correlation between hypergravity‐induced amyloplast sedimentation and gravitropic curvature of these mutants was identical to that of wild‐type plants. These observations suggest that Arabidopsis shoots have a gravisensing mechanism that linearly converts the number of amyloplasts that settle to the ‘bottom’ of the cell into gravitropic signals. Further, the restoration of the gravitropic response by hypergravity in the gravitropic mutants that we tested indicates that these lines probably have a functional gravisensing mechanism that is not triggered at 1 g . 相似文献
104.
Tsukasa Mizuhara Shinya Oishi Hiroaki Ohno Kazuya Shimura Masao Matsuoka Nobutaka Fujii 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2013,21(7):2079-2087
To investigate the mechanism of action of the potent antiviral compound PD 404182, three novel photoaffinity probes equipped with a biotin or alkyne indicator were designed and synthesized based on previous structure–activity relationship studies. These probes retained the potent anti-HIV activity of the original pyrimidobenzothiazine derivatives. In photoaffinity labeling studies using HIV-1-infected H9 cells (H9IIIB), eight potential proteins were observed to bind PD 404182. 相似文献
105.
Masao Ohashi Takuji Oyama Endy Widya Putranto Tsuyoshi Waku Hiromi Nobusada Ken Kataoka Kenji Matsuno Masakazu Yashiro Kosuke Morikawa Nam-ho Huh Hiroyuki Miyachi 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2013,21(8):2319-2332
In the continuing study directed toward the development of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (hPPARγ) agonist, we attempted to improve the water solubility of our previously developed hPPARγ-selective agonist 3, which is insufficiently soluble for practical use, by employing two strategies: introducing substituents to reduce its molecular planarity and decreasing its hydrophobicity via replacement of the adamantyl group with a heteroaromatic ring. The first approach proved ineffective, but the second was productive. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a series of α-benzyl phenylpropanoic acid-type hPPARγ partial agonists with improved aqueous solubility. Among them, we selected (R)-7j, which activates hPPARγ to the extent of about 65% of the maximum observed with a full agonist, for further evaluation. The ligand-binding mode and the reason for the partial-agonistic activity are discussed based on X-ray-determined structure of the complex of hPPARγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) and (R)-7j with previously reported ligand-LDB structures. Preliminal apoptotic effect of (R)-7j against human scirrhous gastric cancer cell line OCUM-2MD3 is also described. 相似文献
106.
107.
Norio Shiomi Jiro Yamada Masao Izawa 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):2233-2244
Nine fructo-oligosaccharides, synthesized in vitro from sucrose by an enzyme preparation from asparagus roots, were isolated and their structures were elucidated to be 1F (1-β-fructofuranosyl)n sucrose [n = 1 (1-kestose), 2 (nystose) and 3], 6G (1-β-fructofuranosyl)n sucrose [n=1 (neokestose), 2 and 3] and 1F (1-β-fructofuranosyl)m-6G (1-β-fructofuranosyl)n sucrose [m=1, n=1; m=2, n =1; and m =1, n=2]. These saccharides are all known to occur naturally in asparagus roots, but 6G (1-β-fructofuranosyl)3 sucrose and 1F (1-β-fructofuranosyl)m-6G-(1-β-fructofuranosyl)n sucrose (m=1, n =1; and m=1, n=2) were the first saccharides enzymatically synthesized in vitro. Also three types of fructosyltransferases were presumed to be involved in the biosynthesis of these oligosaccharides in asparagus roots. 相似文献
108.
Masao Fujimaki Makoto Tajima Teruyo Matsumoto 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(10):1228-1231
The free amino acids of potatoes irradiated with the doses of 7,000, 15,000 and 30,000 rad were determined by ion-exchange chromatography.After 15 days storage following irradiation, it was shown that the concentration of asparatic acid, proline and aliphatic amino acids increased with increasing irradiation doses, while that of basic amino acids and glutamic acid especially decreased. However, after 105 days of storage, the similarity of the free amino acid content of irradiated potatoes to that of non-irradiated and non-stored potatoes was observed.On the concentration of protein-bound amino acids, there were no significant differences between non-irradiated and 15,000 rad irradiated potatoes. 相似文献
109.
110.
Nguyen Van Chuyen Tadao Kurata Hiromichi Kato Masao Fujimaki 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(4):971-978
The organic solvent extract of Kumazasa leaves (Sasa albo-marginata) showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi and yeast. Kumazasa at a concentration of 0.2-1.0% showed stronger antimicrobial activity than potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate at the same concentration. Both acidic and phenolic fractions of the extract showed strong antimicrobial activity. Thirty acidic and phenolic compounds were identified by GC and GC-MS analysis. Acetic, propionic, benzoic, phenylacetic, salicylic, 3-hydroxybenzoic and o-anisic acids, and guaiacol, phenol, 4-ethylphenol, xylenol and 4-vinylphenol were the main components. It was estimated that these components play an important role in the formation of the antimicrobial activity of Kumazasa extract. 相似文献