全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5007篇 |
免费 | 307篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 35篇 |
2020年 | 17篇 |
2019年 | 24篇 |
2018年 | 55篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 60篇 |
2015年 | 126篇 |
2014年 | 124篇 |
2013年 | 257篇 |
2012年 | 220篇 |
2011年 | 254篇 |
2010年 | 153篇 |
2009年 | 176篇 |
2008年 | 278篇 |
2007年 | 248篇 |
2006年 | 250篇 |
2005年 | 264篇 |
2004年 | 272篇 |
2003年 | 257篇 |
2002年 | 299篇 |
2001年 | 174篇 |
2000年 | 160篇 |
1999年 | 146篇 |
1998年 | 82篇 |
1997年 | 67篇 |
1996年 | 47篇 |
1995年 | 49篇 |
1994年 | 51篇 |
1993年 | 45篇 |
1992年 | 101篇 |
1991年 | 93篇 |
1990年 | 79篇 |
1989年 | 98篇 |
1988年 | 88篇 |
1987年 | 69篇 |
1986年 | 74篇 |
1985年 | 59篇 |
1984年 | 60篇 |
1983年 | 50篇 |
1982年 | 39篇 |
1981年 | 38篇 |
1980年 | 32篇 |
1979年 | 31篇 |
1978年 | 17篇 |
1977年 | 23篇 |
1976年 | 23篇 |
1975年 | 17篇 |
1972年 | 13篇 |
1968年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有5315条查询结果,搜索用时 903 毫秒
71.
Masaki Sugiura Tsutomu Takagi Masahiko Kisumi 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1985,21(3-4):213-219
Summary Proline-producing strains of Serratia marcescens Sr41 were constructed by three rounds of mutagenesis. A strain SP103 which did not degrade l-proline carried the putA mutation leading to lack of proline oxidase. A 3,4-dehydroproline-resistant mutant SP105, derived from strain SP103, carried the dpr-1 mutation which resulted in desensitization of the feedback inhibition of glutamate kinase. Strain SP103 produced 5.5 mg of l-proline per ml of fermentation medium containing sucrose and urea. Growth inhibition by proline analogs was enhanced when succinate was used as a carbon source in the medium. A thiazolidine-4-carboxylate-resistant mutant SP126 derived from strain SP105 produced 20.5 mg of l-proline per ml of medium. The mutation carried by strain SP126 might be distant from dpr-1 and putA mutations on the chromosome. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase was not repressed by proline in S. marcescens Sr41. 相似文献
72.
Hypermotility induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide in the rat: its reciprocal action to cholecystokinin octapeptide 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Intracerebroventricular administration of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) shortened the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep and produced significant hypermotility in the rat. Although hypermotility induced by methamphetamine was not potentiated by central administration of VIP, L-DOPA-induced hypermotility in pargyline-pretreated rats was markedly enhanced by VIP and this hypermotility was suppressed by simultaneous administration of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) in a dose-related manner. Apomorphine-induced hypermotility was also potentiated by VIP. These results suggest that VIP may stimulate postsynaptic dopaminergic receptor, causing an increase in motility, and that a possible reciprocal interaction exists between VIP and CCK-8. 相似文献
73.
Y. Mitsui H. Akagawa H. Onishi S. Itoh K. T. Nakamura Y. Iitaka 《Journal of biosciences》1985,8(1-2):481-489
The complex of a bacterial alkaline serine proteinase, subtilisin BPN’, with its proteinaceous inhibitorStreptomyces subtilisin inhibitor is unique in several respects, compared with other similar complexes containing serine proteinases of trypsin family. In addition to the usual antiparallelβ-sheet involving P1-P3 residues of the inhibitor, P4-P6 residues form antiparallelβ-sheet with a previously unnoticed chain segment (the ‘S4-6 site’) of subtilisin. The ‘S4-6 site’ does not exist in serine proteinases of trypsin family, whether of mammalian or microbial origin. Global induced-fit movement seems to occur on the ‘trapped substrate’Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor: a channel-like structure in SSI remote from the contact region becomes about 2 Å wider upon complexing with subtilisin. Main role of the secondary contact region ofStreptomyces subtilisin inhibitor seems to support the reactive site loop (primary contact region). Steric homology for the two contact regions is so high between the inhibitors ofStreptomyces subtilisin inhibitor family and those of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor-ovomucoid inhibitor family that it seems to favour a divergent evolution and to support the general notion as to the relationship of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes put forwarded by Doolittle(Nature (London),272, 581, 1978). 相似文献
74.
Induction of selective phosphorylation of a fat body protein of Sarcophaga peregrina larvae by 20-hydroxyecdysone.
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The Biochemical journal》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
20-Hydroxyecdysone was shown to induce selective phosphorylation of a fat body protein of Sarcophaga peregrina larvae with a molecular mass of 30 kDa. This phosphorylation was not associated with synthesis of new protein. Fractionation of 32P-labelled fat body by differential centrifugation showed that this protein was mainly present in the membrane-rich fraction, although we could not specify the membrane. Thus, 20-hydroxyecdysone may modify the function of the fat body by inducing phosphorylation of a specific membrane protein. 相似文献
75.
Sumitomo Shinichiro Tatemoto Yukihiro Fukui Shin Nakamura Taka-aki Fukushima Shoji Ito Nobuyuki Mori Masahiko 《Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology》1985,49(1):395-399
Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology - Paget cells from cases of mammary and extramammary Paget’s disease were examined for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-related antigens by the... 相似文献
76.
Characterization of Gd3+ and Tb3+ binding sites on Ca2+,Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase of sarcoplasmic reticulum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Interaction between Gd3+ and Tb3+ ions and Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum was studied. Three classes of lanthanide-ion binding sites with different affinities were distinguished. Binding of Gd3+ to the site with the highest affinity seemed to occur at less than 10(-6)M free Gd3+ and resulted in severe inhibition of ATPase activity. The reaction rates of both E-P formation and decomposition in the forward direction were inhibited in parallel with this binding, whereas ADP-dependent decay of E-P in the backward direction was not. At these Gd3+ concentrations, Ca2+-binding to the transport site was not inhibited. Binding of Gd3+ and Tb3+ to the Ca2+-transport site did occur, but more than 10(-5)M free Gd3+ or Tb3+ was required for effective competition with Ca2+ for that site. Gd3+ bound to the transport site in place of Ca2+ did not activate the E-P intermediate formation. Addition of 10(-1)M Tb3+ to a suspension of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes resulted in marked enhancement of Tb3+ fluorescence, which is due to an energy transfer from aromatic amino acid residues of ATPase to Tb3+ ions bound to the low affinity site of the enzyme. Gd3+ and Mn2+ competed with Tb3+ for that site, but Ca2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ did not. 相似文献
77.
Messenger RNA guanylyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Purification and subunit structure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
GTP:mRNA guanylyltransferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the GMP moiety from GTP to the 5' end of the RNA to form a cap structure (G(5')pppN-), has been purified to an apparent homogeneity from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mRNA 5'-triphosphatase activity hydrolyzing the gamma-phosphoryl group from pppN-RNA was co-purified with mRNA guanylyltransferase activity through column chromatographies on CM-Sephadex and poly(U)-Sepharose, and centrifugation through glycerol gradients, suggesting that these two activities are physically associated. An 820,w value of 7.3, and Mr = 140,000 were estimated from the sedimentation behavior in glycerol gradients. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two major polypeptides, Mr = 45,000 (alpha) and 39,000 (beta), were detected with the purified enzyme preparation. Their molar ratios were close to unity when estimated by the relative density of silver staining. These results suggest that the yeast mRNA-capping enzyme is an oligomeric protein which may consist of two alpha and two beta chains (alpha 2 beta 2). 相似文献
78.
Guanine nucleotide binding protein involved in muscarinic responses in the pig coronary artery is insensitive to islet-activating protein. 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The Biochemical journal》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
In an attempt to identify the nature of guanine nucleotide binding protein(s) (G-protein) involved in the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced (muscarinic) response of pig coronary-artery smooth muscle, we studied the effect of ADP-ribosylation of specific membrane protein(s) catalysed by islet-activating protein (IAP; pertussis toxin). The ACh-stimulated and guanine nucleotide-dependent activities of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) phosphodiesterase (PDE), assessed by the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) from exogenously applied PIP2, were not modified, in either IAP-treated or non-treated cell homogenates used as the enzyme source. In intact tissues, pretreatment with up to 100 ng of IAP/ml inhibited neither the ACh-induced decrease in the amount of inositol phospholipids nor the increase in the amounts of phosphatidic acid and of inositol phosphates. IAP treatment increased the amount of cyclic AMP accumulated by isoprenaline. These observations suggest that G-protein which couples the muscarinic receptor to PIP2-PDE is insensitive to IAP. Such being the case, the nature of this protein(s) probably differs from that required for the regulation of adenylate cyclase activities (Ni or Gi). 相似文献
79.
Wavelength-dependence of the relative rate constants for the main geometric and structural photoisomerization of bilirubin IX alpha bound to human serum albumin. Demonstration of green light at 510 nm as the most effective wavelength in photochemical changes from (ZZ)-bilirubin IX alpha to (EZ)-cyclobilirubin IX alpha via (EZ)-bilirubin.
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The Biochemical journal》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The kinetics for the quantitatively important reaction: (Formula: see text) that is, the photochemical interconversion between bilirubin and its geometric and structural photoisomers bound to human serum albumin in aqueous solution when various wavelengths of monochromatic light were used, were assayed by h.p.l.c. In order to clarify the wavelength-dependence of the relative rate constants in the individual steps, a light-source with a half-bandwidth of 10 nm was used at increments of 20 nm, in the range from 410 nm to 550 nm. We describe for the first time studies on the wavelength-dependence of rate constants in geometric and structural photoisomerization reactions in vitro of (ZZ)-bilirubin or (EZ)-bilirubin bound to human serum albumin, especially the relative rate constants of cyclization of (EZ)-bilirubin into (EZ)-cyclobilirubin. Because studies in vitro have demonstrated that the wavelengths from 350 to 450 nm are mutagenic, the results obtained indicated that the safest and ideal light-source for phototherapy is green light of 510 nm, which keeps (ZE)-bilirubin concentrations as low as possible, as shown by a maximal value of k2 at 510 nm and a relatively low value of k1 at 510 nm. This light-source still ensures the substantial absorption of (ZZ)-bilirubin, which is the precursor of (EZ)-bilirubin, the intermediate in (EZ)-cyclobilirubin formation and, furthermore, as shown by the maximal value of k5 and a considerable value of k4 at 510 nm, promotes the cyclization of (EZ)-bilirubin derived from (ZZ)-bilirubin even though k3 at 510 nm also shows a peak value. 相似文献
80.
Andrew J. Laster Tsunetoshi Itoh Thomas J. Palker Barton F. Haynes 《Differentiation; research in biological diversity》1986,31(1):67-77
Normal T-cell development is dependent on interactions with the thymic microenvironment; thymic epithelial cells are thought to play a key role in the induction of thymocyte maturation, both through direct contact and, indirectly, via thymic hormone secretion. It has been postulated that thymic epithelial cells progress through an antigenically defined pathway of differentiation similar to that of epidermal keratinocytes. As keratins vary according to epithelial cell type and the stage of epithelial cell maturation, we used a panel of monoclonal antibodies against keratins to study specific types of keratin intermediate filaments within human thymic epithelium. The demonstration in human thymus of keratins previously shown to be associated with distinct stages of epidermal keratinocytic maturation would support the hypothesis that thymic epithelial cells undergo sequential stages of differentiation. Two-dimensional immunoblot analysis of cytoskeletal extracts from human thymus revealed that thymic epithelium contains the following keratins: 1-2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 (molecular masses, 65-67, 58, 56, 54, 52, 56.5, 51, 50, 50', 48, and 46 kilodaltons, respectively). Thus, in thymic epithelium, we found keratins previously observed in epidermal basal cells (5, 14, 15), as well as keratins specific for terminally differentiated keratinocytes in supra-basal epidermis (1-2, 10). Indirect immunofluorescence (IF) performed on fetal and postnatal human thymus demonstrated that keratin epitopes recognized by antibodies AE-3, 35 beta H11, and RTE-23 are present on epithelial cells of the subcapsular cortex, the cortex, the medulla, and Hassall's bodies. In contrast, antibodies AE-1 and RTE-22 reacted primarily with neuroendocrine thymic epithelium (subcapsular cortex, medulla, Hassall's bodies). The epithelial reactivity of antibody AE-2 was limited to epithelial cells in Hassall's bodies and did not appear until 16 weeks of fetal gestation i.e., when Hassall's bodies first formed. Two-dimensional gel analysis of thymic keratins demonstrated that antibody AE-2 identified only the keratins with molecular masses of 56.6 and 65-67 kilodaltons (10 and 1-2 respectively) in thymus. These data, together with the selective reactivity of AE-2 with Hassall's bodies in fluorescence assays, demonstrate the localization in Hassall's bodies of the high-molecular-weight keratins associated with the late stages of epidermal cell maturation. In summary, we demonstrated that human thymic epithelium contains specific keratins found in multiple epithelial types as well as keratins associated with both early and late stages of epidermal cell differentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献