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81.
Mas M Cavaillès P Colacios C Subra JF Lagrange D Calise M Christen MO Druet P Pelletier L Gauguier D Fournié GJ 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2004,172(10):6354-6361
Brown Norway (BN) rats treated with aurothiopropanol-sulfonate (Atps) constitute a model of Th2-mediated immunological disorders associated with elevated IgE responses and renal IgG deposits. Using F(2) offspring between Atps-susceptible BN and Atps-resistant Lewis rats, we had previously mapped three quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 9, 10, and 20 for which BN alleles increased susceptibility to Atps-induced immunological disorders (Aiid). In this study we have used congenic lines for the latter two quantitative trait loci, formerly called Atps2 and Atps3 and now named Aiid2 (chromosome 10) and Aiid3 (chromosome 9), for fine mapping and characterization of their impact on Atps-triggered reactions. In Aiid2 congenic lines, the gene(s) controlling part of the IgE response to Atps was mapped to an approximately 7-cM region, which includes the IL-4 cytokine gene cluster. Two congenic lines in which the introgressed segments shared only a portion of this 7-cM region, showed an intermediate IgE response, indicating the involvement of several genes within this region. Results from BN rats congenic for the Lewis Aiid3 locus, which we mapped to a 1.2-cM interval, showed a stronger effect of this region. In this congenic line, the Atps-triggered IgE response was 10-fold lower than in the BN parental strain, and glomerular IgG deposits were either absent or dramatically reduced. Further genetic and functional dissections of these loci should provide insights into pathways that lead to Th2-adverse reactions. 相似文献
82.
Panserat S Médale F Blin C Brèque J Vachot C Plagnes-Juan E Gomes E Krishnamoorthy R Kaushik S 《American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology》2000,278(5):R1164-R1170
Glucokinase (GK) plays a central role in glucose homeostasis in mammals. The absence of an inducible GK has been suggested to explain the poor utilization of dietary carbohydrates in rainbow trout. In this context, we analyzed GK expression in three fish species (rainbow trout, gilthead seabream, and common carp) known to differ in regard to their dietary carbohydrate tolerance. Fish were fed for 10 wk with either a diet containing a high level of digestible starch (>20%) or a diet totally deprived of starch. Our data demonstrate an induction of GK gene expression and GK activity by dietary carbohydrates in all three species. These studies strongly suggest that low dietary carbohydrate utilization in rainbow trout is not due to the absence of inducible hepatic GK as previously suggested. Interestingly, we also observed a significantly lower GK expression in common carp (a glucose-tolerant fish) than in rainbow trout and gilthead seabream, which are generally considered as glucose intolerant. These data suggest that other biochemical mechanisms are implicated in the inability of rainbow trout and gilthead seabream to control blood glucose closely. 相似文献
83.
It has been repeatedly shown that high copy number mitochondrial DNA sequences can be recovered from ancient samples. A significant increase in the volume of information available to researchers will be observed when the amplification of nuclear DNA becomes commonplace and reproducible. To this end we established a modification of the Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) procedure normally used for the generation of cDNA ends from adaptor-ligated expressed sequence tag libraries. The modifications were designed to specifically address the problems associated with the highly damaged nucleic acids extracted from palaeontological specimens. For this study we used 6 human samples dating to 450 AD and approximately 6.500 BP that were refractory to reliable amplification of single copy loci by PCR. Racemate contents (ratio of D/L enantiomers) of aspartic acid, alanine, and leucine also indicated that no amplifiable DNA is present in 5 of the 6 samples. The proposed technique allowed us (i) to amplify four X-chromosomal loci from 5 human specimens, and (ii) to correct allelic drop-out phenomena at the amelogenin locus in one individual; thus showing that the threshold of 80 x 10-3 for D/Lasp as a borderline for the presence/absence of amplifiable aDNA requires reassessment. Reliability of the proposed technique (i.e. amplification of DNA sequences endogenous to the find) was validated by the application of "ancient RACE" (aRACE) to prehistoric animal samples. 相似文献
84.
Stimulation of Fas agonistic antibody-mediated apoptosis by heparin-like agents suppresses Hsp27 but not Bcl-2 protective activity
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Manero F Ljubic-Thibal V Moulin M Goutagny N Yvin JC Arrigo AP 《Cell stress & chaperones》2004,9(2):150-166
We report that in Jurkat T cells or freshly isolated T lymphocytes, physiological concentrations of high-molecular weight sulfated polysaccharides such as heparin, heparan sulfate, and dextran sulfate significantly increased the percentage of cell death induced by Fas IgM agonistic antibody. The phenomenon was caspase dependent and P53 independent and correlated with an increased accessibility of cell surface Fas receptors. We also observed that the Fas IgM agonistic antibody-dependent formation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-resistant large structures containing Fas receptor was decreased in the presence of heparin-like agents. In contrast, the different agents had no effect when cell death was triggered by FasL, the natural ligand of Fas that does not generate SDS-resistant forms of Fas. Interestingly, the synergistic effect of heparin-like agents toward Fas IgM agonistic antibody-mediated cell death abolished Hsp27 antiapoptotic activity but did not alter much the protection generated by Bcl-2 expression. 相似文献
85.
Anh Thu Bui Meng-Er Huang Maryline Havard Fanny Laurent-Tchenio François Dautry 《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2017,16(9):879-893
Cellular quiescence is a reversible cell growth arrest that is often assumed to require a persistence of non-permissive external growth conditions for its maintenance. In this work, we showed that androgen could induce a quiescent state that is self-sustained in a cell-autonomous manner through a “hit and run” mechanism in androgen receptor-expressing prostate cancer cells. This phenomenon required the set-up of a sustained redox imbalance and TGFβ/BMP signaling that were dependent on culturing cells at low density. At medium cell density, androgens failed to induce such a self-sustained quiescent state, which correlated with a lesser induction of cell redox imbalance and oxidative stress markers like CDKN1A. These effects of androgens could be mimicked by transient overexpression of CDKN1A that triggered its own expression and a sustained SMAD phosphorylation in cells cultured at low cell density. Overall, our data suggest that self-sustained but fully reversible quiescent states might constitute a general response of dispersed cancer cells to stress conditions. 相似文献
86.
87.
NMR analysis of the interaction of picornaviral proteinases Lb and 2A with their substrate eukaryotic initiation factor 4GII
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Martina Aumayr Sofiya Fedosyuk Katharina Ruzicska Carla Sousa‐Blin Georg Kontaxis Tim Skern 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2015,24(12):1979-1996
Messenger RNA is recruited to the eukaryotic ribosome by a complex including the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E (the cap‐binding protein), the scaffold protein eIF4G and the RNA helicase eIF4A. To shut‐off host–cell protein synthesis, eIF4G is cleaved during picornaviral infection by a virally encoded proteinase; the structural basis of this reaction and its stimulation by eIF4E is unclear. We have structurally and biochemically investigated the interaction of purified foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) leader proteinase (Lbpro), human rhinovirus 2 (HRV2) 2A proteinase (2Apro) and coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) 2Apro with purified eIF4GII, eIF4E and the eIF4GII/eIF4E complex. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we completed 13C/15N sequential backbone assignment of human eIF4GII residues 551–745 and examined their binding to murine eIF4E. eIF4GII551–745 is intrinsically unstructured and remains so when bound to eIF4E. NMR and biophysical techniques for determining stoichiometry and binding constants revealed that the papain‐like Lbpro only forms a stable complex with eIF4GII551–745 in the presence of eIF4E, with KD values in the low nanomolar range; Lbpro contacts both eIF4GII and eIF4E. Furthermore, the unrelated chymotrypsin‐like 2Apro from HRV2 and CVB4 also build a stable complex with eIF4GII/eIF4E, but with KD values in the low micromolar range. The HRV2 enzyme also forms a stable complex with eIF4E; however, none of the proteinases tested complex stably with eIF4GII alone. Thus, these three picornaviral proteinases have independently evolved to establish distinct triangular heterotrimeric protein complexes that may actively target ribosomes involved in mRNA recruitment to ensure efficient host cell shut‐off. 相似文献
88.
89.
Maryline Pioz Hélène Guis David Pleydell Emilie Gay Didier Calavas Beno?t Durand Christian Ducrot Renaud Lancelot 《PloS one》2014,9(1)
Vaccination is one of the most efficient ways to control the spread of infectious diseases. Simulations are now widely used to assess how vaccination can limit disease spread as well as mitigate morbidity or mortality in susceptible populations. However, field studies investigating how much vaccines decrease the velocity of epizootic wave-fronts during outbreaks are rare. This study aimed at investigating the effect of vaccination on the propagation of bluetongue, a vector-borne disease of ruminants. We used data from the 2008 bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV-1) epizootic of southwest France. As the virus was newly introduced in this area, natural immunity of livestock was absent. This allowed determination of the role of vaccination in changing the velocity of bluetongue spread while accounting for environmental factors that possibly influenced it. The average estimated velocity across the country despite restriction on animal movements was 5.4 km/day, which is very similar to the velocity of spread of the bluetongue virus serotype 8 epizootic in France also estimated in a context of restrictions on animal movements. Vaccination significantly reduced the propagation velocity of BTV-1. In comparison to municipalities with no vaccine coverage, the velocity of BTV-1 spread decreased by 1.7 km/day in municipalities with immunized animals. For the first time, the effect of vaccination has been quantified using data from a real epizootic whilst accounting for environmental factors known to modify the velocity of bluetongue spread. Our findings emphasize the importance of vaccination in limiting disease spread across natural landscape. Finally, environmental factors, specifically those related to vector abundance and activity, were found to be good predictors of the velocity of BTV-1 spread, indicating that these variables need to be adequately accounted for when evaluating the role of vaccination on bluetongue spread. 相似文献