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Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1208/s12249-014-0208-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.KEY WORDS: breast cancer, gene therapy, phage-derived peptide, polyethylenimine 相似文献Background:
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been found to play a crucial role in early central nervous system development. Several studies have illustrated decreased TGF-β1 levels in sera and brains of autistic children. Two point mutations in the TGF-β1 signal peptide at 869T/C and 915G/C have been reported to influence TGF-β1 expression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation of TGF-β1 polymorphisms and their haplotypes with autism.Methods:
This study was performed on 39 autistic patients and 35 age- and sex-matched normal controls in an Iranian population, using the sequence specific primed-polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) technique. Patients were divided into mild-to-moderate and severe groups according to the childhood autism rating scale.Results:
No significant differences were observed for allele, genotype, or haplotype frequencies between the autistics and controls. Only a slight difference was observed in GC25 between the controls and all children with autism.Conclusion:
Thus, these results indicate that the polymorphisms in TGF-β1 gene may not play an important role in the development of autism.Key Words: Autism spectrum disorders, Development, Polymorphism, Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 相似文献Papaver armeniacum hairy roots were induced by four Rhizobium rhizogenes strains on three explants (shoot, root, and hypocotyl). Also, the effects of two concentrations (100 and 200 μM) of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid (SA) were assessed on productions of papaverine, noscapine, thebaine, morphine, and codeine and expression of some related genes (TYDC, DBOX, BBE, SalAT, T6ODM, and COR) in P. armeniacum L. hairy root culture at 24 and 48 h after elicitation. R. rhizogenes strain C58C1 induced the highest hairy root rate on hypocotyl explant. Application of 100 μM MJ resulted in the highest contents of thebaine, codeine, and morphine by enhancing the expression of SalAT, COR, and T6ODM genes, respectively, while application of 100 μM SA resulted in the highest contents of papaverine and noscapine by upregulating DBOX and BBE genes, respectively. 100 μM MJ can be used as an effective elicitor in P. armeniacum hairy root culture to increase studied morphinan alkaloids. Also, SA can be suggested for enhancing papaverine and noscapine contents in P. armeniacum hairy root culture. It may be due to that there is a SA- and MJ-signaling crosstalk, which results in reciprocal antagonism between SA and MJ signaling pathways. The effects of MJ and SA elicitors on benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) production were level-dependent.
相似文献In this paper, the idea of square fractal geometry has been utilized to introduce a tunable wideband graphene-based perfect plasmonic absorber in the near-infrared region. It consists of a MgF2 layer and an array of gold squares fractal loaded on a graphene layer. In the designed absorber a single layer of graphene has been used instead of multilayered graphene structures. The structure is polarization-insensitive under normal incidence due to the geometric symmetry. The absorption and bandwidth of the structure are almost insensitive to the incident angle up to 15° and 45° for TE and TM polarizations, respectively. Moreover, by choosing appropriate structural parameters, the resonance wavelength of the desired plasmonic absorber can be controlled. The absorption of the introduced structure can be tuned by changing the chemical potential of the graphene. Therefore, the proposed fractal absorber can act as switch and inverter at λ = 1995 nm. Furthermore, the equivalent circuit model of the absorber has been derived to confirm the validity of the simulation results. The superiorities of our fractal absorber are wide full-width at half-maximum of 406 nm, multi-applicant, perfect absorption, and fabrication feasibility due to the simple structure with the maximum absorption tolerance error of 5.12%.
相似文献In the present study, we aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of a potential probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323 on Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammatory response and gene expression in human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line. The gastric epithelial cells were coinfected with a collection of H. pylori clinical strains alone or in combination with L. gasseri at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1:100 for each bacterium, and incubated for different time points of 3, 6, and 12 h. IL-8 secretion from coinfected AGS cells after incubation at each time point was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression of IL-8, Bcl-2, β-catenin, integrin α5, and integrin β1 genes was determined by quantitative RT-PCR amplification of total RNA extracted from coinfected epithelial cells. L. gasseri significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) decreased the production of IL-8 in AGS cells coinfected with H. pylori strains at 6 h post-infection. We also detected that L. gasseri significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated the gene expression level of IL-8 in H. pylori-stimulated AGS cells after 6 and 12 h of coinfection. Similarly, L. gasseri caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in mRNA expression of Bcl-2, β-catenin, integrin α5, and integrin β1 genes in AGS cells at 3 and 6 h after infection with H. pylori strains as compared with non-infected control cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that L. gasseri ameliorates H. pylori-induced inflammation and could be developed as a supplementation to the current treatment regimens administrated against H. pylori infection.
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