中国出尾蕈甲属一新种一新纪录种(英文)

描述了采自中国陕西省1新种,周氏出尾蕈甲Scaphidium zhoushuni sp.nov.,采自中国西藏自治区的中国1新纪录种Scaphidium dureli(ACHARD),1922,并给出了上述2种的整体图和特征图.模式标本保存在上海师范大学标本馆.     

陕西红脂大小蠹天敌种类调查

对陕西红脂大小蠹Dendroctonus valens LeConte危害区的天敌种类调查表明,寄生于红脂大小蠹的病原真菌共有5种,其中幼虫期有头孢霉Cephalosporium sp.、球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana和拟卵孢霉Ovulariopsis sp.,成虫期有球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana、枝顶孢霉Acremonium sp.、头孢霉Cephalosporium sp.、木霉Trichoderma sp.4种,其中以球孢白僵菌和枝顶孢霉Acremonium sp.的致病能力最为显著。捕食性天敌昆虫主要有西岳蛇蛉Agulla xiyue Yang et Chou、日本弓背蚁Camponotus japionicus Mayr、中华红林蚁Formica sinensis Wheeler、蚁形郭公甲Thanasimus formicarius(L.)及纤细阎甲Platysoma attenuata(LeConte),它们对红脂大小蠹均有较明显的控制作用。寄生性天敌主要有1种寄生蝇和1种茧蜂。     

心率变异性评估运输应激对Beagle犬自主神经功能的影响

目的 基于心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)分析评估运输应激对Beagle犬自主神经功能的影响,并界定其恢复期.方法 16只Beagle犬随机分成两组(每组8只),即对照组和运输应激组,利用大动物无创生理信号遥测技术,分别监测清醒自由活动状态下对照组和运输应激组应激4 h后、恢复1、2、...     

土壤养分对蝴蝶花的花形态可塑性的影响

为了研究土壤养分对蝴蝶花的花形态可塑性的影响,在田间实验中对蝴蝶花进行了高、中、低养分（N、P、K）水平处理。实验表明,随着土壤养分水平的增加,外轮花瓣长和宽、内轮花瓣长和宽、雌蕊长、雄蕊长、花冠直径均逐渐增加。花各组成部分的形态大小间相关性显著（P=0．05）。结合花部形态特征对环境异质性的生态适应意义,对实验结果进行了讨论。     

The antifungal protein PAF interferes with PKC/MPK and cAMP/PKA signalling of Aspergillus nidulans

The Penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein PAF inhibits polar growth and induces apoptosis in Aspergillus nidulans. We report here that two signalling cascades are implicated in its antifungal activity. PAF activates the cAMP/protein kinase A (Pka) signalling cascade. A pkaA deletion mutant exhibited reduced sensitivity towards PAF. This was substantiated by the use of pharmacological modulators: PAF aggravated the effect of the activator 8‐Br‐cAMP and partially relieved the repressive activity of caffeine. Furthermore, the Pkc/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (Mpk) signalling cascade mediated basal resistance to PAF, which was independent of the small GTPase RhoA. Non‐functional mutations of both genes resulted in hypersensitivity towards PAF. PAF did not increase MpkA phosphorylation or induce enzymes involved in the remodelling of the cell wall, which normally occurs in response to activators of the cell wall integrity pathway. Notably, PAF exposure resulted in actin gene repression and a deregulation of the chitin deposition at hyphal tips of A. nidulans, which offers an explanation for the morphological effects evoked by PAF and which could be attributed to the interconnection of the two signalling pathways. Thus, PAF represents an excellent tool to study signalling pathways in this model organism and to define potential fungal targets to develop new antifungals.     

不同化学杂交剂(CHA)对小麦花药同工酶影响的研究

在小麦叶枕距±2cm时,喷施4种不同化学杂交剂（CHA）后,分别取小孢子处于不同发育阶段的花药,进行过氧化酶（POD）、淀粉酶（Amy）和酯酶（Est）等同工酶的分析。研究表明：在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期,处理2、3和4三种CHA对POD的A1、A2;B2、B4和B5,C1、C2和C3同工酶带的活性均有明显的抑制作用;处理5除去对A1和A2表现抑制外,对其他酶带的活性均有增强作用。在单枚早期,处理2和3的A、B和C区POD同工酶活性均明显低于对照;处理4和5上述各区POD同工酶活性却明显高于对照。在上述两个发育时期,处理2对Amy1区酶活性有增强作用,而处理3、4和5对该区酶活性却表现了专一性的抑制。各处理对Est同工酶A区和B区的酶活性主要表现为抑制。实验结果表明,不同的CHA均通过干扰花药的物质和能量代谢而导致雄性生理性不育。     

Amplification, analysis and chromosome mapping of novel homeobox-containing and homeobox-flanking sequences in rice

Homeobox genes, widely distributed among animal and plant kingdoms, play an important role in developmental process. Several homeobox conserved fragments were amplified by PCR and the flanking regions were also obtained by an LM-PCR procedure. Sequencing and Southern analysis showed that they belong to a homeobox gene family of rice. Six homeobox-containing fragments were mapped on the molecular linkage map of rice. They were located on chromosomes 3, 4 and 7 respectively. It is noteworthy that there are 4 homeobox fragments located on rice chromosome 3 and the result is also consistent with the comparative genomics between rice and maize.     

艾比湖湿地自然保护区8个乔灌木种群空间分布格局分析

在划定面积5 m×5 m和10 m×10 m样方的基础上,运用方差比率(VR)法及负二项参数(K)、扩散系数(C)、平均拥挤度(m·)和Cassie指标(CA)对新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区8个乔灌木种群的种间关联性及空间分布格局进行了研究.结果表明,在面积5 m×5 m的样方内,胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)、枇杷柴[Reaumuria songarica (Pall.)Maxim.]、盐节木[Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.)M. Bieb.]、白梭梭(Haloxylon persicum Bunge ex Boiss. et Buhse)、多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.)、盐豆木[Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.)Voss]、盐穗木(Halostachys caspica C. A. Mey. ex Schrenk)和梭梭[Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.)Bunge]8个种群总体联结性为显著正关联,种群间很少存在对资源的竞争;K值、C值和CA值的分析结果均表明胡杨、枇杷柴、盐节木、白梭梭、盐豆木和盐穗木种群的空间分布格局为聚集分布,多枝柽柳种群为均匀分布,梭梭种群为随机分布,但仅枇杷柴和盐节木种群为极显著的聚集分布.在面积10 m×10 m的样方内,8个乔灌木种群的总体联结性为不显著的负关联,显示种群间存在对资源的竞争,但稳定共存;8个乔灌木种群的空间分布格局均为极显著的聚集分布.随样方面积从5 m×5 m扩大至10 m×10 m,8个乔灌木种群m·的排序位置发生了改变,显示种间竞争能力和种内自疏能力发生变化,其中,枇杷柴、盐穗木和梭梭的总体表现较强,多枝柽柳最差.研究结果显示,在进行艾比湖湿地自然保护区种群空间分布格局的研究中,采用面积10 m×10 m的样方较为适宜.     

Persistence of accuracy of genome-wide breeding values over generations when including a polygenic effect

Background

When estimating marker effects in genomic selection, estimates of marker effects may simply act as a proxy for pedigree, i.e. their effect may partially be attributed to their association with superior parents and not be linked to any causative QTL. Hence, these markers mainly explain polygenic effects rather than QTL effects. However, if a polygenic effect is included in a Bayesian model, it is expected that the estimated effect of these markers will be more persistent over generations without having to re-estimate the marker effects every generation and will result in increased accuracy and reduced bias.

Methods

Genomic selection using the Bayesian method, ''BayesB'' was evaluated for different marker densities when a polygenic effect is included (GWpEBV) and not included (GWEBV) in the model. Linkage disequilibrium and a mutation drift balance were obtained by simulating a population with a Ne of 100 over 1,000 generations.

Results

Accuracy of selection was slightly higher for the model including a polygenic effect than for the model not including a polygenic effect whatever the marker density. The accuracy decreased in later generations, and this reduction was stronger for lower marker densities. However, no significant difference in accuracy was observed between the two models. The linear regression of TBV on GWEBV and GWpEBV was used as a measure of bias. The regression coefficient was more stable over generations when a polygenic effect was included in the model, and was always between 0.98 and 1.00 for the highest marker density. The regression coefficient decreased more quickly with decreasing marker density.

Conclusions

Including a polygenic effect had no impact on the selection accuracy, but showed reduced bias, which is especially important when estimates of genome-wide markers are used to estimate breeding values over more than one generation.     

环孢素A对人早孕期滋养细胞MMP-9与MMP-2表达的调控作用

本研究的目的是探讨环孢素A对人早孕期滋养细胞侵袭能力及基质金属蛋白酶9与2 (matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 2,简称MMP-9与MMP-2)表达的调节作用,为治疗反复自然流产等妊娠疾患提供新的线索。侵袭试验观察CsA对人早孕期滋养细胞侵袭能力的调节作用;RT-PCR与明胶酶谱分析CsA对滋养细胞MMP-9与MMP-2 mRNA及蛋白水平表达的影响;In-cell West- ern检测CsA作用后滋养细胞ERK1/2磷酸化水平。结果发现,1．0μmol/L CsA明显增强滋养细胞侵袭能力,MEK激酶抑制剂U0126可抑制CsA对滋养细胞的促侵袭作用;1．0μmol/L CsA可诱导MMP- 9与MMP-2基因的转录与蛋白分泌;该诱导效应同样可被U0126所阻滞;1．0μmol/L CsA以时间依赖方式促进ERK1/2的磷酸化。结果表明,CsA可激活ERK1/2,通过MAPK/ERK1/2途径促进滋养细胞MMP-9与MMP-2基因的转录与蛋白分泌,从而增强滋养细胞的侵袭能力,对滋养细胞生物学功能具有良性调节作用。