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271.
Emergence of carbapenem non‐susceptible multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains of clonal complexes 103B and 92B harboring OXA‐type carbapenemases and metallo‐β‐lactamases in Southern India
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Rajagopalan Saranathan P. Shashikala Chandrakesan Sheela Devi Ramakrishnan Kalaivani Johny Asir Pagal Sudhakar K Prashanth 《Microbiology and immunology》2015,59(5):277-284
The molecular epidemiology and carbapenem resistance mechanisms of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii obtained from a south Indian tertiary care hospital were investigated by repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR (REP‐PCR) and multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST). Analysis of resistant determinants was achieved by PCR screening for the presence of genes encoding OXA‐carbapenemases, metallo‐β‐lactamases (MBLs) and efflux pumps. REP‐PCR generated around eight clusters of high heterogeneity; of these, two major clusters (I and V) appeared to be clonal in origin. Analysis of representative isolates from different clusters by MLST revealed that most of the isolates belonged to sequence type 103 of CC103B. Second most prevalent ST belonged to clonal complex (CC) 92B which is also referred to as international clone II. Most of the isolates were multi‐drug resistant, being susceptible only to polymyxin‐B and newer quinolones. Class D β‐lactamases such as blaOXA‐51‐like (100%), blaOXA‐23‐like (56.8%) and blaOXA‐24‐like (14.8%) were found to be predominant, followed by a class B β‐lactamase, namely blaIMP‐1 (40.7%); none of the isolates had blaOXA‐58 like, blaNDM‐1 or blaSIM‐1. Genes of efflux‐pump adeABC were predominant, most of isolates being biofilm producers that were PCR‐positive for autoinducer synthase gene (>94%). Carbapenem non‐susceptible isolates were highly diverse and present throughout the hospital irrespective of type of ward or intensive care unit. Although previous reports have documented diverse resistant mechanisms in A. baumannii, production of MBL and OXA‐type of carbapenamases were found to be the predominant mechanism(s) of carbapenem resistance identified in strains isolated from Southern India. 相似文献
272.
Fascaplysin Induces Caspase Mediated Crosstalk Between Apoptosis and Autophagy Through the Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Cascade in Human Leukemia HL‐60 Cells
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273.
Fauzia Siddiqui P. K. Tandon Sudhakar Srivastava 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2015,21(1):61-69
Withania somnifera has been an important herb in the Ayurvedic and indigenous medical systems for centuries in India. However, these grow as weeds mostly in the wastelands, which receive contaminated water from municipal and industrial sources. In the present investigation, plants of Withania somnifera were exposed to various concentrations of arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII) (0, 10, 25, 50, 100 μM) for 10 days and analysed for accumulation of arsenic (As) and physiological and biochemical changes. Plants showed more As accumulation upon exposure to AsIII (320 μg g−1 DW in roots and 161 μg g−1 DW in leaves) than to AsV (173 μg g−1 DW in roots and 100 μg g−1 DW in leaves) after 10 days of treatment. Consequently, AsIII exposure caused more toxicity to plants as compared to that AsV, as evaluated in terms of the level of photosynthetic pigments and oxidative stress parameters (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation), particularly at higher concentrations and on longer durations. Plants could tolerate low concentrations (variable for AsIII and AsV) until longer durations (10 days) and high concentrations for shorter durations (1–5 days) through increase in antioxidant enzymes and by augmented synthesis of thiols. In conclusion, As tolerance potential of Withania plants on one hand advocates its prospective use for remediation under proper supervision and on the other demonstrates possible threat of As entry into humans due to medicinal uses. 相似文献
274.
Reddy PK Reddy SG Narala VR Majee SS Konda S Gunwar S Reddy RC 《Protein expression and purification》2007,52(1):123-130
Increasing therapeutic applications for recombinant human interferon-gamma (rhIFN-gamma), an antiviral proinflammatory cytokine, has broadened interest in optimizing methods for its production and purification. We describe a reversed phase chromatography (RPC) procedure using Source-30 matrix in the purification of rhIFN-gamma from Escherichia coli that results in a higher yield than previously reported. The purified rhIFN-gamma monomer from the RPC column is refolded in Tris buffer. Optimal refolding occurs at protein concentrations between 50 and 100 microg/ml. This method yields greater than 90% of the dimer form with a yield of 40 mg/g cell mass. Greater than 99% purity is achieved with further purification over a Superdex G-75 column to obtain specific activities of from 2 x 10(7) to 4 x 10(7)IU/mg protein as determined via cytopathic antiviral assay. The improved yield of rhIFN-gamma in a simple chromatographic purification procedure promises to enhance the development and therapeutic application of this biologically potent molecule. 相似文献
275.
Keerthidaa Govindaraj Uma Sudhakar S Bhuminathan Jayamathi Govindaraj 《Bioinformation》2021,17(10):899
It is of interest to document theresistin levels in chronic periodontitis patients (CP) with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).The expression of resistin was significantly higher in chronic periodontitis when compared to the periodontally healthy groups. Resistin levels were high in CP and T2DM. Therefore, GCF resistin levels is of interest as a potential incendiary marker for periodontitis with T2DM. 相似文献
276.
Three-month-old mulberry (Morus alba L.) cultivars (drought tolerant S13 and drought sensitive S54) were subjected to water stress for 15 d. Water stress decreased the leaf water potential, net photosynthetic rate (PN), and stomatal conductance (gs) in both the cultivars. However, the magnitude of decline was comparatively greater in the sensitive cultivar (S54). Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was unaltered during mild stress, but significantly increased at severe stress in both cultivars. The photosystem 2 activity significantly declined only at a severe stress in both cultivars. The Ci/gs ratio representing the mesophyll efficiency was greater in the tolerant cultivar S13. Involvement of stomatal and/or non-stomatal components in declining PN depended on the severity and duration of stress. However, the degree of non-stomatal limitations was relatively less in the drought tolerant cultivar. 相似文献
277.
D. Gahakwa S. B. Maqbool X. Fu D. Sudhakar P. Christou A. Kohli 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(3):388-399
The success of contemporary breeding programmes involving genetic engineering depends on the stability of transgene expression
over many generations. We studied the stability of transgene expression in 40 independent rice plant lines representing 11
diverse cultivated varieties. Each line contained three or four different transgenes delivered by particle bombardment, either
by cotransformation or in the form of a cointegrate vector. Approximately 75% of the lines (29/40) demonstrated Mendelian
inheritance of all transgenes, suggesting integration at a single locus. We found that levels of transgene expression varied
among different lines, but primary transformants showing high-level expression of the gna, gusA, hpt and bar transgenes faithfully transmitted these traits to progeny. Furthermore, we found that cry1Ac and cry2A transgene expression was stably inherited when primary transformants showed moderate or low-level expression. Our results
show that six transgenes (three markers and three insect-resistance genes) were stably expressed over four generations of
transgenic rice plants. We showed that transgene expression was stable in lines of all the rice genotypes we analysed. Our
data represent a step forward in the transfer of rice genetic engineering technology from model varieties to elite breeding
lines grown in different parts of the world.
Received: 22 March 1999 / Accepted: 6 December 1999 相似文献
278.
Cations such as Mg2+ regulate spillover of absorbed excitation energy mainly in favour of photosystem (PS) 2. Effect of low concentration (<10 mM) of the monovalent cation Na+ on chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence was completely overridden by divalent cation Mg2+ (5 mM). Based on Chl a fluorescence yield and 77 K emission measurements, we revealed the role and effectiveness of anions (Cl-, SO4
2-, PO4
3-) in lowering the Mg2+-induced PS2 fluorescence. The higher the valency of the anion, the lesser was the expression of Mg2+ effect. Anions may thus overcome Mg2+ effects up to certain extent in a valency dependent manner, thereby diverting more energy to PS1 even in the presence of MgCl2. They may do so by reversing Mg2+-induced changes. 相似文献
279.
This paper describes an analysis of the plants of Sambalpur district of Orissa, India which have been used medicinally by local people. The families having medicinal values are analysed using Moerman's method of regression analysis. There were 136 plant families recorded from the study area. The analysis of families showed that the Euphorbiaceae family being used most ethnomedicinally by the local people in Sambalpur district of Orissa, whereas Poaceae is used least one. This type of study determines the degree of importance of plant families in the medicinal flora of the region. 相似文献
280.
T. Sudhakar Rao Michael E. Hogan Ganapathi R. Revankar 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2013,32(1-3):95-107
Abstract N7-Benzoyl-2′-deoxyformycin A (5) was prepared from formycin A and incorporated into the triple helix forming oligonucleotide PRE2ap at CG inversion sites. The modified oligonucleotide containing three substitutions of 2′-deoxyformycin A displayed a 10-fold increase in binding affinity as compared to its unmodified counterpart. This provided a method to accommodate CG inversion sites within target sites for antiparallel triple helix formation. 相似文献