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71.
Camila Mello dos Santos Aline Blaya Martins Renato José de Marchi Juliana Balbinot Hilgert Fernando Neves Hugo Dalva Maria Pereira Padilha 《Gerodontology》2013,30(3):176-186
doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00656.x Assessing changes in oral health‐related quality of life and its factors in community‐dwelling older Brazilians Objective: To describe changes in oral health‐related quality of life and to evaluate the associations of these changes in community‐dwelling older people. Materials and methods: In this longitudinal study a representative sample of 872 older people, living in Brazil, was evaluated during 2004. The follow‐up was carried out during 2008, with 587 older persons evaluated. A questionnaire assessing socio‐demographic information, health history, oral health‐impact profile and number of natural teeth was used. Changes in oral health‐related quality of life were categorized as improvement or deterioration. Data analysis was performed using a hierarchical approach based in a conceptual framework. A hierarchal approach was carried out using Poisson regressions. Results: Older persons living in rural areas, those who reported brushing once a day or less and older persons with fewer natural teeth had an increased chance of reporting deterioration in oral health‐related quality of life. Women and participants who received a minimum wage of less than US$219.50 were more likely to report improvement in oral health‐related quality of life. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that changes in the oral health‐related quality of life are influenced by many of the variables that were included in the conceptual framework. 相似文献
72.
Margarida Martins Jorge M. Pedrosa Maria J. Carvalho António Cabrita Rosário Oliveira 《Biofouling》2013,29(8):1015-1027
Biofilms are commonly associated with an increased risk of patient infection. In peritoneal dialysis (PD), catheter associated infection, especially peritonitis, remains a clinically relevant problem. Although the presence of a biofilm is recognized in relapsing, repeat, and catheter-related peritonitis, it remains poorly characterized. In this review, an update on the role of biofilms in PD infections is presented. The emerging concept that host cells and tissue associated biofilms, in addition to the biofilms on the catheters themselves, contribute to the recalcitrance of infections is discussed. Furthermore, the evidence of biofilms on PD catheters, their developmental stages, and the possible influence of the PD environment are reviewed. The focus is given to ex vivo and in vitro studies that contribute to the elucidation of the interplay between host, microbial, and dialysis factors. The key issues that are still to be answered and the challenges to clinical practice are discussed. 相似文献
73.
74.
Diego Rodrigo Dolibaina Fernando Maia Silva Dias Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke Mirna Martins Casagrande 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2013,168(3):427-451
Three new species of Synargis Hübner, 1819, from Paraguay and southern and central Brazil are described: Synargis fandanga sp. nov. from Paraguay (Amambay and Paraguari) and southern Brazil (Paraná and Santa Catarina), Synargis rasqueada sp. nov. from central Brazil (Mato Grosso), and Synargis gorpa sp. nov. from southern Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul). Lectotypes are designated for Lemonias axenus Hewitson, 1876, Ematurgina axenus ochrophlegma Sitchel, 1911, Ematurgina acervata Seitz, 1932, and Ematurgina perrupta Seitz, 1932. Ematurgina ochrophlegma f. dissimilis Hayward, 1949, is a new synonym of Synargis bifasciata (Mengel, 1902), and Ematurgina ochrophlegma f. distincta Hayward, 1949, is a new synonym of Synargis axenus (Hewitson, 1876). The revalidation of E. perrupta Seitz, 1932, and the new status Synargis ochrophlegma (Stichel, 1911) are proposed. Ematurgina perrupta ab. roeberi Seitz, 1932, and Ematurgina bifasciata ochrophlegma ab. leucomelaina Breyer, 1930, are considered unavailable names. Based on a previous phylogenetic hypothesis, the phylogeny of the genus Synargis is reassessed, adding these new and revalidated taxa, and nine additional characters. The ‘Synargis regulus’ species group and the ‘Synargis axenus complex’ are recovered as monophyletic, with S. gorpa sp. nov. sister to the remaining species of the ‘S. axenus complex’. Additionally, an up‐to‐date geographical distribution map and a dichotomous key are provided, and the taxonomy of the taxa involved is discussed. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London 相似文献
75.
Hoffmannseggella viridiflora Verola & Semir (Laeliinae, Orchidaceae) is a recently discovered species in the campos rupestres vegetation of the Espinhaço Range, MG, Brazil, in synchronopatry with H. bradei (Pabst) V. P. Castro & Chiron. Both morphological and phenological studies indicate that these species are closely related. To substantiate the differentiation of these two species we examined their chromosome numbers and morphologies. The two species had different chromosome numbers, with H. bradei having 2n = 40 and H. viridiflora having 2n = 44 chromosomes, an aneuploid number not previously documented in the genus. Meiotic behavioral studies undertaken with H. bradei revealed many abnormalities related to bivalent numbers and chromosome migration, suggesting that meiotic abnormalities could generate aneuploid gametes and perhaps aneuploid zygotes. Karyotype formulas and chromosome morphologies are quite different between the species, so H. viridiflora was not directly derived from H. bradei through simple chromosome additions. Complementary analyses are necessary to understand the process and species involved in the origin of H. viridiflora. 相似文献
76.
Tiago G. Santos Flavio H. Beraldo Glaucia N. M. Hajj Marilene H. Lopes Martin Roffe Fernanda C. S. Lupinacci Valeriy G. Ostapchenko Vania F. Prado Marco A. M. Prado Vilma R. Martins 《Journal of neurochemistry》2013,124(2):210-223
Prion protein (PrPC) is a cell surface glycoprotein that is abundantly expressed in nervous system. The elucidation of the PrPC interactome network and its significance on neural physiology is crucial to understanding neurodegenerative events associated with prion and Alzheimer's diseases. PrPC co‐opts stress inducible protein 1/alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (STI1/α7nAChR) or laminin/Type I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5) to modulate hippocampal neuronal survival and differentiation. However, potential cross‐talk between these protein complexes and their role in peripheral neurons has never been addressed. To explore this issue, we investigated PrPC‐mediated axonogenesis in peripheral neurons in response to STI1 and laminin‐γ1 chain‐derived peptide (Ln‐γ1). STI1 and Ln‐γ1 promoted robust axonogenesis in wild‐type neurons, whereas no effect was observed in neurons from PrPC‐null mice. PrPC binding to Ln‐γ1 or STI1 led to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels via distinct mechanisms: STI1 promoted extracellular Ca2+ influx, and Ln‐γ1 released calcium from intracellular stores. Both effects depend on phospholipase C activation, which is modulated by mGluR1/5 for Ln‐γ1, but depends on, C‐type transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels rather than α7nAChR for STI1. Treatment of neurons with suboptimal concentrations of both ligands led to synergistic actions on PrPC‐mediated calcium response and axonogenesis. This effect was likely mediated by simultaneous binding of the two ligands to PrPC. These results suggest a role for PrPC as an organizer of diverse multiprotein complexes, triggering specific signaling pathways and promoting axonogenesis in the peripheral nervous system. 相似文献
77.
Dino J. Martins Steven D. Johnson 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2013,110(1):199-213
Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) are considered important pollinators in tropical regions, but the frequency and degree of reciprocal specialization of interactions between hawkmoths and flowers remain poorly understood. Detailed observations at two sites in Kenya over a two‐year period indicate that adult hawkmoths are routinely polyphagous and opportunistic, regardless of their proboscis length. About 700 individuals of 13 hawkmoth species were observed visiting a wide range of plant species at the study sites, including 25 taxa that appear to be specifically adapted for pollination by hawkmoths. We estimate that 277 plant species in Kenya (c. 4.61% of the total angiosperm flora) are adapted for pollination by hawkmoths. Floral tube lengths of these plants have a bimodal distribution, reflecting the existence of two hawkmoth guilds differing in tongue length. Hawkmoths exhibited strongly crepuscular foraging patterns with activity confined to a 20‐min period at dusk and, in some cases, a similar period just before dawn. Corolla tube length appears to act as a mechanical filter as the longest‐tubed plants were visited by the fewest hawkmoth species and these were exclusively from the long‐tongued guild. Tube length showed a strong positive relationship with nectar volume, even after phylogenetic correction, which implies that plants with long corolla tubes are under selection to offer relatively large amounts of nectar to entice visits by polyphagous long‐tongued hawkmoths. Our study shows that diffusely co‐evolved pollination systems involving long‐tongued hawkmoths are clearly asymmetrical, with plants exhibiting a high degree of floral specialization, while hawkmoths exhibit polyphagous behaviour. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110 , 199–213. 相似文献
78.
79.
Rosane Dias Costa Vanessa Amaral Mendon?a Frederico Marianetti Soriani Sandra Lyon Rachel Adriana Penido Ana Maria Duarte Dias Costa Marina Dias Costa Fabio de Souza Terra Mauro Martins Teixeira Carlos Mauricio de Figueiredo Antunes Antonio Lúcio Teixeira 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(8):1051-1056
Leprosy is an infectious and contagious spectral disease accompanied by a series of
immunological events triggered by the host response to the aetiologic agent,
Mycobacterium leprae . The induction and maintenance of the
immune/inflammatory response in leprosy are linked to multiple cell interactions and
soluble factors, primarily through the action of cytokines. The purpose of the
present study was to evaluate the serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and
its soluble receptors (sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2) in leprosy patients at different stages
of multidrug treatment (MDT) in comparison with non-infected individuals and to
determine their role as putative biomarkers of the severity of leprosy or the
treatment response. ELISA was used to measure the levels of these molecules in 30
healthy controls and 37 leprosy patients at the time of diagnosis and during and
after MDT. Our results showed increases in the serum levels of TNF-α and sTNF-R2 in
infected individuals in comparison with controls. The levels of TNF-α, but not
sTNF-R2, decreased with treatment. The current results corroborate previous reports
of elevated serum levels of TNF-α in leprosy and suggest a role for sTNF-R2 in the
control of this cytokine during MDT. 相似文献