Chromosome counts in the genus Festuca section Eskia (Poaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula

Chromosome numbers of taxa of Festuca L. section Eskia Willk. in the Iberian Peninsula are given. The levels of ploidy for five taxa are confirmed. Idiograms and karyotypic formulae of the five taxa are presented for the first time. Two levels of ploidy occur in this section: diploid and tetraploid. One taxon, Festuca elegans ssp. merinoi is tetraploid and two other taxa have diploid and tetraploid populations. The remaining two taxa are solely diploid.  © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 146 , 331–337.     

枯草芽孢杆菌C-D6对辣椒炭疽菌附着胞形成的抑制作用研究

【目的】研究枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) C-D6菌株对辣椒炭疽菌(Colletotrichum capsici)附着胞形成的抑制作用,探索炭疽病生物防治的新途径。【方法】通过对峙培养测定C-D6菌株的抗菌活性,应用摇瓶培养结合生物测定筛选产生抗菌活性成分的最适培养基,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-75凝胶柱层析和阴离子交换层析对抗菌蛋白进行分离纯化,应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定蛋白分子量。【结果】C-D6菌株在PDA平板上对辣椒炭疽菌显示明显的抑制作用,其YPD培养液能完全抑制该菌的附着胞形成。摇瓶培养的结果显示C-D6菌株产生抗菌活性物质的最适培养基为YPD培养基。C-D6菌株在该培养基中培养14 h后,所形成的活性物质可完全抑制辣椒炭疽菌的附着胞形成。从该菌的YPD培养液中分离获得一个分子量为32 kD,能明显抑制辣椒炭疽菌附着胞形成的抗菌蛋白。【结论】C-D6菌株的生防特征显示该菌株对防治辣椒炭疽菌引起的炭疽病具有潜在的应用价值。     

Determining the effects of habitat management and climate on the population trends of a declining steppe bird

The Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax is one of the most threatened steppe bird species in Europe, due mainly to agricultural intensification. Despite the relative importance of the Iberian population (approximately 50% of the global population) little is known about its dynamics and trends, especially in core distribution areas. This study evaluates the influences of meteorological factors and land management on the oscillations and medium-term trends of two Little Bustard populations in Central Spain. During 2001–2007, surveys of breeding male and female Little Bustards were carried out in two central Spanish locations: Valdetorres, in Special Protection Area (SPA) no. 139 (1600 ha), and Campo Real, in Important Bird Area (IBA) no. 075 (1150 ha). Densities were 3.3–4.0 and 1.1–2.1 males/km² in Campo Real, and 1.8–2.2 and 0.6–1.3 females/km² in Valdetorres. The sex ratio was biased towards males in both cases. Both populations declined during 2001–2007, especially in Valdetorres (60%). Variation in habitat composition did not explain variation in the numbers of males. Both populations were influenced by total precipitation in the preceding October–May period. Results suggest that the Little Bustard may be sensitive to future climate trends in Europe. Finally, different simulated demographic scenarios suggest that low female survival and productivity may be the immediate cause of the decline in Little Bustard populations, which is consistent with their sensitivity to climatic conditions.     

Population structure,diversity, and phylogeography in the near‐threatened Eurasian black vultures Aegypius monachus (Falconiformes; Accipitridae) in Europe: insights from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA variation

The Eurasian black vulture (Aegypius monachus) has experienced a severe decline during the last two centuries and is globally classified as near‐threatened. This has led to the extinction of many traditional breeding areas in Europe and resulted in the present patchy distribution (Iberian and Balkan peninsulas) in the Western Palearctic. In the present study, we describe the current genetic status of the European populations using both mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences and nuclear microsatellite markers, comparing with those found in Asia (Mongolia and Caucasus region). Although, mitochondrial (mt)DNA revealed a relatively low genetic variability (haplotype diversity), no evidence of genome‐wide genetic erosion exists because nuclear diversity exhibits normal levels and strong differentiation. A highly philopatric dispersal behaviour must be invoked to explain the existence of a clear pattern that revealed by the phylogeographic analysis, which indicates a sharp East–West clinal distribution and an allopatric differentiation. The distribution of mtDNA haplotypes one in the Iberian population and two in Balkan population and the significance divergence at nuclear loci fulfill the definitions of those populations as evolutionary significant units. We discuss how management strategies should aim at the maintenance (or increase) of current genetic variability levels, suggesting that independent conservation plans are urgently required to protect these two breeding European populations from extinction. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 95 , 859–872.     

原发性肝癌:CT血液供应、P53抗体和血管内皮生长因子

目的:分析原发性肝癌(primary hepatic carcinoma,简称肝癌)血液供应(blood supply,简称血供)CT类型与患者血清P53抗体、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的关系,以及血清P53抗体与VEGF的相关性.方法:用酶联免疫吸附法定量检测首诊肝癌患者血清P53抗体和VEGF,与CT诊断的血供类型结果进行对比,分析不同血供类型的肝癌是否存在血清P53抗体差异(单因素分析),并分析不同血供类型的肝癌血清VEGF是否存在差异(单因素分析),然后分析血清P53抗体和VEGF之间的相关性.结果:四种不同血供类型的肝癌之间血清P53抗体滴度有差异(P<0.05).值得注意的是,富血供型与混合型之间、动-静脉漏型(AVS)与混合型之间血清P53抗体有显著差异(P<0.05),富血供型与AVS型之间血清P53抗体没有显著差异(P>0.05).不同血供类型的肝癌中,富血供型和混合型血清P53抗体与VEGF呈正相关(P<0.05),而AVS型和乏血供型中,血清P53抗体与VEGF不呈直线相关(P>0.05).结论:血清P53抗体和血清VEGF滴度在血供不同肝癌中滴度有差异,在富血供型和混合型中血清P53抗体与VEGF滴度呈正相关.     

香蕉束顶病毒基因Ⅰ的克隆及序列分析

以中国漳州地区感染ＢＢＴＶ的香蕉组织总ＤＮＡ为模板,根据我国台湾地区ＢＢＴＶ分离物基因组Ⅰ序列,设计并合成了一对引物,通过ＰＣＲ扩增出约５００ｂｐ的片段。利用ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔⅡＳＫ Ｔ－载体获得此片段的克隆,经测序表明为ＢＢＴＶ组分Ⅰ的部分序列。由已测知的ＢＢＴＶ基因组Ⅰ序列设计一对相邻引物,以我国漳州的感染ＢＢＴＶ香蕉组织总ＤＮＡ为模板,通过ＰＣＲ坟增出约１．１ｋｂ的片段。利用ｐＢｌｕｅｓ