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41.
Sylvaine You Luca Piali Chantal Kuhn Beat Steiner Virginia Sauvaget Fabrice Valette Martine Clozel Jean-Fran?ois Bach Lucienne Chatenoud 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of a selective S1P1 receptor modulator, ponesimod, to protect and reverse autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Ponesimod was administered orally to NOD mice starting at 6, 10, 13 and 16 weeks of age up to 35 weeks of age or to NOD mice showing recent onset diabetes. Peripheral blood and spleen B and T cell counts were significantly reduced after ponesimod administration. In pancreatic lymph nodes, B lymphocytes were increased and expressed a transitional 1-like phenotype. Chronic oral ponesimod treatment efficiently prevented autoimmune diabetes in 6, 10 and 16 week-old pre-diabetic NOD mice. Treatment withdrawal led to synchronized disease relapse. Ponesimod did not inhibit the differentiation of autoreactive T cells as assessed by adoptive transfer of lymphocytes from treated disease-free NOD mice. In addition, it did not affect the migration, proliferation and activation of transgenic BDC2.5 cells into the target tissue. However, ponesimod inhibited spreading of the T cell responses to islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP). Treatment of diabetic NOD mice with ponesimod induced disease remission. However, here again, upon treatment cessation, the disease rapidly recurred. This recurrence was effectively prevented by combination treatment with a CD3 antibody leading to the restoration of self-tolerance. In conclusion, treatment with a selective S1P1 modulator in combination with CD3 antibody represents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of autoimmune diabetes. 相似文献
42.
Genetic dissection of sex determinism, inflorescence morphology and downy mildew resistance in grapevine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Elisa Marguerit Christophe Boury Aurélie Manicki Martine Donnart Gisèle Butterlin Alice Némorin Sabine Wiedemann-Merdinoglu Didier Merdinoglu Nathalie Ollat Stéphane Decroocq 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,118(7):1261-1278
A genetic linkage map of grapevine was constructed using a pseudo-testcross strategy based upon 138 individuals derived from
a cross of Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon × Vitis riparia Gloire de Montpellier. A total of 212 DNA markers including 199 single sequence repeats (SSRs), 11 single strand conformation
polymorphisms (SSCPs) and two morphological markers were mapped onto 19 linkage groups (LG) which covered 1,249 cM with an
average of 6.7 cM between markers. The position of SSR loci in the maps presented here is consistent with the genome sequence.
Quantitative traits loci (QTLs) for several traits of inflorescence and flower morphology, and downy mildew resistance were
investigated. Two novel QTLs for downy mildew resistance were mapped on linkage groups 9 and 12, they explain 26.0–34.4 and
28.9–31.5% of total variance, respectively. QTLs for inflorescence morphology with a large effect (14–70% of total variance
explained) were detected close to the Sex locus on LG 2. The gene of the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase, involved in melon male organ development
and located in the confidence interval of all QTLs detected on the LG 2, could be considered as a putative candidate gene
for the control of sexual traits in grapevine. Co-localisations were found between four QTLs, detected on linkage groups 1,
14, 17 and 18, and the position of the floral organ development genes GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE1, FRUITFULL, LEAFY and AGAMOUS. Our results demonstrate that the sex determinism locus also determines both flower and inflorescence morphological traits. 相似文献
43.
Innate immune system is the first line of host defense against invading microorganisms. It relies on a limited number of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors that recognize conserved molecular structures of microbes, referred to as pathogen-/microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs). Bacterial cell wall macroamphiphiles, namely Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Gram-positive bacteria lipoteichoic acid (LTA), lipoproteins and mycobacterial lipoglycans, are important molecules for the physiology of bacteria and evidently meet PAMP/MAMP criteria. They are well suited to innate immune recognition and constitute non-self signatures detected by the innate immune system to signal the presence of an infective agent. They are notably recognized via their lipid anchor by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 4 or 2. Here, we review our current knowledge of the molecular bases of macroamphiphile recognition by TLRs, with a special emphasis on mycobacterial lipoglycan detection by TLR2. 相似文献
44.
Sidney L. Vail Oliver D. Dailey Eugene J. Blanchard Armand B. Pepperman James L. Riopel 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》1990,9(1-3):77-83
Strigol and some of its synthetic precursors and analogs are known to be germination stimulants for broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) and witchweed (Striga asiatica). Fifteen synthetic terpenoids, similar in structure to one of the four rings of the strigol molecule, were evaluated in two bioassays as seed germination stimulants with broomrape, and nine were found to be active. Five of the more active compounds contained ester groups. Whereas the study was intended primarily to evaluate forced germination of broomrape by aqueous solutions, the results are almost qualitatively identical for broomrape and witchweed. Monocyclic compounds with chemical structures similar to two of the rings of strigol have now been shown to possess significant bioactivity as germination stimulants.Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. 相似文献
45.
The aim of this study was to analyze the cleaning efficiency of polysaccharidases and proteolytic enzymes against biofilms of bacterial species found in food industry processing lines and to study enzyme effects on the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and biofilm removal in a Clean-in-Place (CIP) procedure. The screening of 7 proteases and polysaccharidases for removal of biofilms of 16 bacterial species was first evaluated using a microtiter plate assay. The alkaline pH buffer removed more biofilm biomass as well as affecting a larger range of bacterial species. The two serine proteases and α-amylase were the most efficient enzymes. Proteolytic enzymes promoted biofilm removal of a larger range of bacterial species than polysaccharidases. Using three isolates derived from two bacterial species widely found in food processing lines (Pseudomonas fluorescens and the Bacillus cereus group), biofilms were developed on stainless steel slides and enzymatic solutions were used to remove the biofilms using CIP procedure. Serine proteases were more efficient in removing cells of Bacillus biofilms than polysaccharidases. However, polysaccharidases were more efficient in removing P. fluorescens biofilms than serine proteases. Solubilization of enzymes with a buffer containing surfactants, and dispersing and chelating agents enhanced the efficiency of polysaccharidases and proteases respectively in removing biofilms of Bacillus and P. fluorescens. A combination of enzymes targeting several components of EPS, surfactants, dispersing and chelating agents would be an efficient alternative to chemical cleaning agents. 相似文献
46.
47.
Intestinal-type fibroblasts selectively influence proliferation rate and peptide synthesis in the murine entero-endocrine cell line STC-1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
48.
Py B Bouchet J Jacquot G Sol-Foulon N Basmaciogullari S Schwartz O Biard-Piechaczyk M Benichou S 《Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death》2007,12(10):1879-1892
In addition to its positive signaling function in the antigen presentation process, CD4 acts as the primary receptor for HIV-1.
Contact between CD4 and the viral envelope leads to virus entry, but can also trigger apoptosis of uninfected CD4+ T-cells through a mechanism that is poorly understood. We show that Siva-1, a death domain-containing proapoptotic protein,
associates with the cytoplasmic domain of CD4. This interaction is mediated by the cysteine-rich region found in the C-terminal
part of the Siva-1 protein. Expression of Siva-1 specifically increases the susceptibility of both T-cell lines and unstimulated
human primary CD4+ T-lymphocytes to CD4-mediated apoptosis triggered by the HIV-1 envelope, and results in activation of a caspase-dependent
mitochondrial pathway. The same susceptibility is observed in T-cells expressing a truncated form of CD4 that is able to recruit
Siva-1 but fails to associate with p56Lck, indicating that Siva-1 participates in a pathway independent of the p56Lck kinase activity. Altogether, these results suggest that Siva-1 might participate in the CD4-initiated signaling apoptotic
pathway induced by the HIV-1 envelope in T-lymphoid cells.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
49.
Nicolas Mary Harmonie Barasc Stéphane Ferchaud Aurélia Priet Anne Calgaro Anne-Marie Loustau-Dudez Nathalie Bonnet Martine Yerle Alain Ducos Alain Pinton 《PloS one》2016,11(4)
Correct pairing, synapsis and recombination between homologous chromosomes are essential for normal meiosis. All these events are strongly regulated, and our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in this regulation is increasing rapidly. Chromosomal rearrangements are known to disturb these processes. In the present paper, synapsis and recombination (number and distribution of MLH1 foci) were studied in three boars (Sus scrofa domestica) carrying different chromosomal rearrangements. One (T34he) was heterozygote for the t(3;4)(p1.3;q1.5) reciprocal translocation, one (T34ho) was homozygote for that translocation, while the third (T34Inv) was heterozygote for both the translocation and a pericentric inversion inv(4)(p1.4;q2.3). All three boars were normal for synapsis and sperm production. This particular situation allowed us to rigorously study the impact of rearrangements on recombination. Overall, the rearrangements induced only minor modifications of the number of MLH1 foci (per spermatocyte or per chromosome) and of the length of synaptonemal complexes for chromosomes 3 and 4. The distribution of MLH1 foci in T34he was comparable to that of the controls. Conversely, the distributions of MLH1 foci on chromosome 4 were strongly modified in boar T34Inv (lack of crossover in the heterosynaptic region of the quadrivalent, and crossover displaced to the chromosome extremities), and also in boar T34ho (two recombination peaks on the q-arms compared with one of higher magnitude in the controls). Analyses of boars T34he and T34Inv showed that the interference was propagated through the breakpoints. A different result was obtained for boar T34ho, in which the breakpoints (transition between SSC3 and SSC4 chromatin on the bivalents) seemed to alter the transmission of the interference signal. Our results suggest that the number of crossovers and crossover interference could be regulated by partially different mechanisms. 相似文献
50.
Alice Matone Marie-Pier Scott-Boyer Jerome Carayol Parastoo Fazelzadeh Gregory Lefebvre Armand Valsesia Celine Charon Jacques Vervoort Arne Astrup Wim H. M. Saris Melissa Morine J?rg Hager 《PloS one》2016,11(3)