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Haave M Folven KI Carroll T Glover C Heegaard E Brattelid T Hogstrand C Lundebye AK 《Cell biology and toxicology》2011,27(5):343-361
Nutrients in seafood are known to be beneficial for brain development. Effects of maternal exposure to 2,2′,4,4′ tetrabromo
diphenylether (BDE47) was investigated, alongside the potential ameliorating impact of seafood nutrients, through assessment
of neurobehaviour and gene expression in brain and liver. Developing mice were exposed during gestation and lactation via
dams dosed through casein- or salmon-based feed, spiked with BDE47. Two concentrations were used: a low level (6 μg/kg feed)
representing an environmentally realistic concentration and a high level (1,900 μg/kg feed) representing a BDE47 intake much
higher than expected from frequents consumption of contaminated seafood. Experimental groups were similar with respect to
reproductive success, growth and physical development. Minor, transient changes in neurobehavioural metrics were observed
in groups given the highest dose of BDE47. No significant differences in behaviour or development were seen on postnatal day 18
among maternally exposed offspring. Cerebral gene expression investigated by microarray analyses and validated by RT-qPCR
showed low fold changes for all genes, despite dose-dependent accumulation of BDE47 in brain tissue. The gene for glutamate
ammonia ligase was upregulated compared to control in the casein-based high BDE47diet, suggesting potential impacts on downstream
synaptic transmission. The study supported a previously observed regulation of Igfbp2 in brain with BDE47 exposure. Genes for hepatic metabolic enzymes were not influenced by BDE47. Potential neurotoxic effects
and neurobehavioural aberrations after perinatal exposure to high levels of BDE47 were not readily observed in mice pups with
the present experimental exposure regimes and methods of analysis. 相似文献
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André Eggen Mathieu Gautier Alain Billaut élisabeth Petit Hélène Hayes Pascal Laurent Catherine Urban Martha Pfister-Genskow Ken Eilertsen Michael D Bishop 《遗传、选种与进化》2001,33(5):543-548
A bovine artificial chromosome (BAC) library of 105 984 clones has been constructed in the vector pBeloBAC11 and organized in 3-dimension pools and high density membranes for screening by PCR and hybridization. The average insert size, determined after analysis of 388 clones, was estimated at 120 kb corresponding to a four genome coverage. Given the fact that a male was used to construct the library, the probability of finding any given autosomal and X or Y locus is respectively 0.98 and 0.86. The library was screened for 164 microsatellite markers and an average of 3.9 superpools was positive for each PCR system. None of the 50 or so BAC clones analysed by FISH was chimeric. This BAC library increases the international genome coverage for cattle to around 28 genome equivalents and extends the coverage of the ruminant genomes available at the Inra resource center to 15 genome equivalents. 相似文献
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Gro O. Nygaard Elisabeth G. Celius Sigrid A. de Rodez Benavent Piotr Sowa Marte W. Gustavsen Anders M. Fjell Nils I. Landr? Kristine B. Walhovd Hanne F. Harbo 《PloS one》2015,10(8)
New treatment options may make “no evidence of disease activity” (NEDA: no relapses or disability progression and no new/enlarging MRI lesions, as opposed to “evidence of disease activity” (EDA) with at least one of the former), an achievable goal in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The objective of the present study was to determine whether early RRMS patients with EDA at one-year follow-up had different disability, cognition, treatment and gray matter (GM) atrophy rates from NEDA patients and healthy controls (HC). RRMS patients (mean age 34 years, mean disease duration 2.2 years) were examined at baseline and one-year follow-up with neurological (n = 72), neuropsychological (n = 56) and structural MRI (n = 57) examinations. Matched HC (n = 61) were retested after three years. EDA was found in 46% of RRMS patients at follow-up. EDA patients used more first line and less second line disease modifying treatment than NEDA (p = 0.004). While the patients groups had similar disability levels at baseline, they differed in disability at follow-up (p = 0.010); EDA patients progressed (EDSS: 1.8–2.2, p = 0.010), while NEDA patients improved (EDSS: 2.0–1.7, p<0.001). Cognitive function was stable in both patient groups. Subcortical GM atrophy rates were higher in EDA patients than HC (p<0.001). These results support the relevance of NEDA as outcome in RRMS and indicate that pathological neurodegeneration in RRMS mainly occur in patients with evidence of disease activity. 相似文献
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Pia Rossi Bruno Sterlini Enrico Castroflorio Antonella Marte Franco Onofri Flavia Valtorta Luca Maragliano Anna Corradi Fabio Benfenati 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2016,291(12):6111-6123
Proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) has been identified as the single causative gene for a group of paroxysmal syndromes of infancy, including epilepsy, paroxysmal movement disorders, and migraine. On the basis of topology predictions, PRRT2 has been assigned to the recently characterized family of Dispanins, whose members share the two-transmembrane domain topology with a large N terminus and short C terminus oriented toward the outside of the cell. Because PRRT2 plays a role at the synapse, it is important to confirm the exact orientation of its N and C termini with respect to the plasma membrane to get clues regarding its possible function. Using a combination of different experimental approaches, including live immunolabeling, immunogold electron microscopy, surface biotinylation and computational modeling, we demonstrate a novel topology for this protein. PRRT2 is a type II transmembrane protein in which only the second hydrophobic segment spans the plasma membrane, whereas the first one is associated with the internal surface of the membrane and forms a helix-loop-helix structure without crossing it. Most importantly, the large proline-rich N-terminal domain is not exposed to the extracellular space but is localized intracellularly, and only the short C terminus is extracellular (Ncyt/Cexo topology). Accordingly, we show that PRRT2 interacts with the Src homology 3 domain-bearing protein Intersectin 1, an intracellular protein involved in synaptic vesicle cycling. These findings will contribute to the clarification of the role of PRRT2 at the synapse and the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms on the basis of PRRT2-related neurological disorders. 相似文献
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Eilertsen EM Bårdsen BJ Liljedal S Rudolfsen G Folstad I 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2009,276(1654):129-136
Sexual selection theory predicts that females should choose males that signal viability and quality. However, few studies have found fitness benefits among females mating with highly ornamented males. Here, we use Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), a teleost fish with no parental care, to investigate whether females could gain fitness benefits by mating with highly ornamented and large-sized males. Carotenoid-based coloration signalled by males during spawning is believed to be an indicator of good genes for this species. Paternal effects on offspring size (body length and dry body mass) were examined experimentally by crossing eggs and sperm in vitro from 12 females and 24 males in a split-brood design and raising larvae to 30 days past hatching. We clearly demonstrated that there was a relationship between offspring size and paternal coloration. However, a negative interaction between paternal length and coloration was evident for offspring length, indicating that positive effects of paternal coloration were only present for smaller males. Thus, the red spawning coloration of the male Arctic charr seems to be an indicator of good genes, but the effect of paternal coloration on offspring length, an indicator of 'offspring quality', is size dependent. 相似文献