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HD2C histone deacetylase and a SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex interact and both are involved in mediating the heat stress response in Arabidopsis 下载免费PDF全文
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Arik Kershenbaum Daniel T. Blumstein Marie A. Roch Çağlar Akçay Gregory Backus Mark A. Bee Kirsten Bohn Yan Cao Gerald Carter Cristiane Cäsar Michael Coen Stacy L. DeRuiter Laurance Doyle Shimon Edelman Ramon Ferrer‐i‐Cancho Todd M. Freeberg Ellen C. Garland Morgan Gustison Heidi E. Harley Chloé Huetz Melissa Hughes Julia Hyland Bruno Amiyaal Ilany Dezhe Z. Jin Michael Johnson Chenghui Ju Jeremy Karnowski Bernard Lohr Marta B. Manser Brenda McCowan Eduardo Mercado III Peter M. Narins Alex Piel Megan Rice Roberta Salmi Kazutoshi Sasahara Laela Sayigh Yu Shiu Charles Taylor Edgar E. Vallejo Sara Waller Veronica Zamora‐Gutierrez 《Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society》2016,91(1):13-52
Animal acoustic communication often takes the form of complex sequences, made up of multiple distinct acoustic units. Apart from the well‐known example of birdsong, other animals such as insects, amphibians, and mammals (including bats, rodents, primates, and cetaceans) also generate complex acoustic sequences. Occasionally, such as with birdsong, the adaptive role of these sequences seems clear (e.g. mate attraction and territorial defence). More often however, researchers have only begun to characterise – let alone understand – the significance and meaning of acoustic sequences. Hypotheses abound, but there is little agreement as to how sequences should be defined and analysed. Our review aims to outline suitable methods for testing these hypotheses, and to describe the major limitations to our current and near‐future knowledge on questions of acoustic sequences. This review and prospectus is the result of a collaborative effort between 43 scientists from the fields of animal behaviour, ecology and evolution, signal processing, machine learning, quantitative linguistics, and information theory, who gathered for a 2013 workshop entitled, ‘Analysing vocal sequences in animals’. Our goal is to present not just a review of the state of the art, but to propose a methodological framework that summarises what we suggest are the best practices for research in this field, across taxa and across disciplines. We also provide a tutorial‐style introduction to some of the most promising algorithmic approaches for analysing sequences. We divide our review into three sections: identifying the distinct units of an acoustic sequence, describing the different ways that information can be contained within a sequence, and analysing the structure of that sequence. Each of these sections is further subdivided to address the key questions and approaches in that area. We propose a uniform, systematic, and comprehensive approach to studying sequences, with the goal of clarifying research terms used in different fields, and facilitating collaboration and comparative studies. Allowing greater interdisciplinary collaboration will facilitate the investigation of many important questions in the evolution of communication and sociality. 相似文献
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Marta I. Sánchez Inès Pons Mónica Martínez-Haro Mark A. Taggart Thomas Lenormand Andy J. Green 《PLoS pathogens》2016,12(3)
Parasites and pollutants can both affect any living organism, and their interactions can be very important. To date, repeated studies have found that parasites and heavy metals or metalloids both have important negative effects on the health of animals, often in a synergistic manner. Here, we show for the first time that parasites can increase host resistance to metalloid arsenic, focusing on a clonal population of brine shrimp from the contaminated Odiel and Tinto estuary in SW Spain. We studied the effect of cestodes on the response of Artemia to arsenic (acute toxicity tests, 24h LC50) and found that infection consistently reduced mortality across a range of arsenic concentrations. An increase from 25°C to 29°C, simulating the change in mean temperature expected under climate change, increased arsenic toxicity, but the benefits of infection persisted. Infected individuals showed higher levels of catalase and glutathione reductase activity, antioxidant enzymes with a very important role in the protection against oxidative stress. Levels of TBARS were unaffected by parasites, suggesting that infection is not associated with oxidative damage. Moreover, infected Artemia had a higher number of carotenoid-rich lipid droplets which may also protect the host through the “survival of the fattest” principle and the antioxidant potential of carotenoids. This study illustrates the need to consider the multi-stress context (contaminants and temperature increase) in which host-parasite interactions occur. 相似文献
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Xudong Liu Chuan-En Wang Yan Hong Ting Zhao Guohao Wang Marta A. Gaertig Miao Sun Shihua Li Xiao-Jiang Li 《PLoS genetics》2016,12(5)
The Huntington’s disease (HD) protein, huntingtin (HTT), is a large protein consisting of 3144 amino acids and has conserved N-terminal sequences that are followed by a polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat. Loss of Htt is known to cause embryonic lethality in mice, whereas polyQ expansion leads to adult neuronal degeneration. Whether N-terminal HTT is essential for neuronal development or contributes only to late-onset neurodegeneration remains unknown. We established HTT knock-in mice (N160Q-KI) expressing the first 208 amino acids of HTT with 160Q, and they show age-dependent HTT aggregates in the brain and neurological phenotypes. Importantly, the N-terminal mutant HTT also preferentially accumulates in the striatum, the brain region most affected in HD, indicating the importance of N-terminal HTT in selective neuropathology. That said, homozygous N160Q-KI mice are also embryonic lethal, suggesting that N-terminal HTT alone is unable to support embryonic development. Using Htt knockout neurons, we found that loss of Htt selectively affects the survival of developing neuronal cells, but not astrocytes, in culture. This neuronal degeneration could be rescued by a truncated HTT lacking the first 237 amino acids, but not by N-terminal HTT (1–208 amino acids). Also, the rescue effect depends on the region in HTT known to be involved in intracellular trafficking. Thus, the N-terminal HTT region may not be essential for the survival of developing neurons, but when carrying a large polyQ repeat, can cause selective neuropathology. These findings imply a possible therapeutic benefit of removing the N-terminal region of HTT containing the polyQ repeat to treat the neurodegeneration in HD. 相似文献
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Genome Characteristics,Phylogeny and Varying Host Specificity of Polish Kra and Ros Isolates of Tomato torrado virus 下载免费PDF全文
Budziszewska Marta Pospieszny Henryk Obrępalska‐Stęplowska Aleksandra 《Journal of Phytopathology》2016,164(4):281-285
The genome sequences of two Polish Kra and Ros isolates of Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) were determined and compared with data of previously described ToTV isolates and other Torradovirus members. Whole‐genome sequence comparisons revealed 97.0–99.6% nucleotide sequence identities and close relatedness, with other known ToTV isolates. The high homology between Kra, Ros and Wal'03 ToTVs is likely responsible for the similar symptoms observed on infected plants. However, the symptoms differed in intensity and various host specificity. We report that Kra ToTV caused a milder expression of symptoms on Solanum tuberosum than Wal'03. We hypothesize this may be a result of the significant variability observed within the 3′‐UTR of RNA1 of Kra as well as of Ros ToTV isolates. In the light of this fact, potato may be considered an indicator plant for distinguishing Kra and Wal'03 ToTV isolates. 相似文献
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