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Mark P. Little 《Radiation and environmental biophysics》2013,52(4):435-449
There is a well-established association between high doses (>5 Gy) of ionizing radiation exposure and damage to the heart and coronary arteries, although only recently have studies with high-quality individual dosimetry been conducted that would enable quantification of this risk adjusting for concomitant chemotherapy. The association between lower dose exposures and late occurring circulatory disease has only recently begun to emerge in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors and in various occupationally exposed cohorts and is still controversial. Excess relative risks per unit dose in moderate- and low-dose epidemiological studies are somewhat variable, possibly a result of confounding and effect modification by well-known (but unobserved) risk factors. Radiation doses of 1 Gy or more are associated with increased risk of posterior subcapsular cataract. Accumulating evidence from the Japanese atomic bomb survivors, Chernobyl liquidators, US astronauts, and various other exposed groups suggests that cortical cataracts may also be associated with ionizing radiation, although there is little evidence that nuclear cataracts are radiogenic. The dose–response appears to be linear, although modest thresholds (of no more than about 0.6 Gy) cannot be ruled out. A variety of other non-malignant effects have been observed after moderate/low-dose exposure in various groups, in particular respiratory and digestive disease and central nervous system (and in particular neuro-cognitive) damage. However, because these are generally only observed in isolated groups, or because the evidence is excessively heterogeneous, these associations must be treated with caution. 相似文献
994.
Richard B. Greaves Mark Read Jon Timmis Paul S. Andrews James A. Butler Bjorn-Ole Gerckens Vipin Kumar 《Bio Systems》2013
The use of simulation to investigate biological domains will inevitably lead to the need to extend existing simulations as new areas of these domains become more fully understood. Such simulation extensions can entail the incorporation of additional cell types, molecules or molecular pathways, all of which can exert a profound influence on the simulation behaviour. Where the biological domain is not well characterised, a structured development methodology must be employed to ensure that the extended simulation is well aligned with its predecessor. We develop and discuss such a methodology, relying on iterative simulation development and sensitivity analysis. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated using a case study simulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine T cell-mediated autoimmune disease model of multiple sclerosis, where it is used to investigate the activity of an additional regulatory pathway. We discuss how application of this methodology guards against creating inappropriate simulation representations of the biology when investigating poorly characterised biological mechanisms. 相似文献
995.
The actinobacterial transcription factor RbpA binds to the principal sigma subunit of RNA polymerase
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John M. Edwards Jed Long Cornelia H. de Moor Jonas Emsley Mark S. Searle 《Nucleic acids research》2013,41(14):7153-7166
The CUG-BP, Elav-like family (CELF) of RNA-binding proteins control gene expression at a number of different levels by regulating pre-mRNA splicing, deadenylation and mRNA stability. We present structural insights into the binding selectivity of CELF member 1 (CELF1) for GU-rich mRNA target sequences of the general form 5′-UGUNxUGUNyUGU and identify a high affinity interaction (Kd ∼ 100 nM for x = 2 and y = 4) with simultaneous binding of all three RNA recognition motifs within a single 15-nt binding element. RNA substrates spin-labelled at either the 3′ or 5′ terminus result in differential nuclear magnetic resonance paramagnetic relaxation enhancement effects, which are consistent with a non-sequential 2-1-3 arrangement of the three RNA recognition motifs on UGU sites in a 5′ to 3′ orientation along the RNA target. We further demonstrate that CELF1 binds to dispersed single-stranded UGU sites at the base of an RNA hairpin providing a structural rationale for recognition of CUG expansion repeats and splice site junctions in the regulation of alternative splicing. 相似文献
997.
Resolving the polymorphism-in-probe problem is critical for correct interpretation of expression QTL studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Adaikalavan Ramasamy Daniah Trabzuni J. Raphael Gibbs Allissa Dillman Dena G. Hernandez Sampath Arepalli Robert Walker Colin Smith Gigaloluwa Peter Ilori Andrey A. Shabalin Yun Li Andrew B. Singleton Mark R. Cookson for NABEC John Hardy for UKBEC Mina Ryten Michael E. Weale 《Nucleic acids research》2013,41(7):e88
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Jolanta Krudysz-Amblo Mark E. Jennings II Tyler Knight Dwight E. Matthews Kenneth G. Mann Saulius Butenas 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2013