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91.
The role of transmembrane cationic gradients in immune complex stimulation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
F W Luscinskas D E Mark B Brunkhorst F J Lionetti E J Cragoe E R Simons 《Journal of cellular physiology》1988,134(2):211-219
The role of monovalent cationic gradients in human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) stimulation was investigated by monitoring immune complex-stimulated transmembrane depolarization and superoxide production, events which accompany--and have been used as indicators of --PMNL activation. Abolishing only the Na+ gradient by substitution of choline for extracellular Na+ did not affect the resting membrane potential but reduced the rate of stimulus-induced transmembrane depolarization to 50% of control. In contrast, collapsing both Na+ and K+ gradients by suspension in K+ buffer (high K-PRK) depolarized the cells and reduced the stimulus-induced rate of depolarization to 11% of control. Pretreatment of cells suspended in Na+ buffers with 5-(N,N-dimethyl)amiloride hydrochloride (DMA) or with valinomycin reduced by one-half the rate of immune complex induced membrane depolarization. Conversely, in the absence of either or of both Na+ or K+ gradients, or in the presence of valinomycin, immune complex elicited an enhanced rate of superoxide production. However, PMNL prepared via NH4Cl (NH4Cl-PMNL) instead of H2O (H2O-PMNL) lysis of residual red blood cells exhibited an absolute requirement for an intact Na+ gradient in cell stimulation. The present results thus demonstrate that: 1) both Na+ and K+ gradients participate equally in the membrane depolarization elicited by immune complex; 2) neither a Na+ or a K+ gradient is required for immune complex activation, or for activity of the respiratory burst; and 3) an artifactual requirement for an intact Na+ gradient occurs in neutrophils prepared by the NH4Cl lysis technique. 相似文献
92.
Mark Tester 《The Journal of membrane biology》1988,105(1):77-85
Summary The outer membranes of plant cells contain channels which are highly selective for K+. In the giant-celled green algaChara corallina, K+ currents in the plasmalemma were measured during the action potential and when the cell was depolarized to the K+ equilibrium potential in high external K+ concentrations. Currents in both conditions were reduced by externally added tetraethylammonium (TEA+), Ba2+, Na+ and Cs+. In contrast to inhibition by TEA+, the latter three ions inhibited inward K+ current in a voltage-dependent manner, and reduced inward current more than outward. Ba2+ and Na+ also appeared to inhibit outward current in a strongly voltage-dependent manner. The blockade by Cs+ is studied in more detail in the following paper. TEA+ inhibited both inward and outward currents in a largely voltage-independent manner, with an apparentK
D
of about 0.7 to 1.1mm, increasing with increasing external K+. All inhibitors reduced current towards a similar linear leak, suggesting an insensitivity of the background leak inChara to these various K+ channel inhibitors. The selectivity of the channel to various monovalent cations varied depending on the method of measurement, suggesting that ion movement through the K+-selective channel may not be independent. 相似文献
93.
Richard McGee Jr Mark S. P. Sansom Peter N. R. Usherwood 《The Journal of membrane biology》1988,104(1):21-34
Summary The calcium sensitivity of exocytosis from electroper-meabilized chromaffin cells is increased by activators of protein kinase C, such as TPA and certain phorbol esters, diacylglycerols, and mezerein. A range of putative inhibitors of protein kinase C block both the phorbol ester-sensitive component of secretion and also the underlying insensitive component. These inhibitors are also shown to inhibit medulla protein kinase C activity in vitro. The extent of secretion is reduced when electropermeabilized cells are exposed to Ca2+ levels much in excess of 50 m. The onset of inhibition is faster than the relatively slow rate of Ca-dependent exocytosis and is insensitive to inhibitors of proteolysis. Adrenal medulla protein kinase C activity is also irreversibly inhibited by high Ca2+ concentrations. Both the secretory response and the protein kinase C activity in vitro have similar nucleotide and cation specificities. Although these data do not definitely establish an involvement of protein kinase C in exocytosis, none argue against it.Deceased 相似文献
94.
Richard C. Leegood Carlos A. Labate Steven C. Huber H. Ekkehard Neuhaus Mark Stitt 《Planta》1988,176(1):117-126
Glycerol induced a limitation on photosynthetic carbon assimilation by phosphate when supplied to leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). This limitation by phosphate was evidenced by (i) reversibility of the inhibition of photosynthesis by glycerol by feeding orthophosphate (ii) a decrease in light-saturated rates of photosynthesis and saturation at a lower irradiance, (iii) the promotion of oscillations in photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and in chlorophyll fluorescence, (iv) decreases in the pools of hexose monophosphates and triose phosphates and increases in the ratio of glycerate-3-phosphate to triose phosphate, (v) decreased photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, and increased non-photochemical quenching, specifically of the component which relaxed rapidly, indicating that thylakoid energisation had increased. In barley there was a massive accumulation of glycerol-3-phosphate and an increase in the period of the oscillations, but in spinach the accumulation of glycerol-3-phosphate was comparatively slight. The mechanism(s) by which glycerol feeding affects photosynthetic carbon assimilation are discussed in the light of these results.Abbreviations Chl
chlorophyll
- C
i
intercellular concentration of CO2
- P
phosphate
- PGA
glycerate-3-phosphate
- Pi
orthophosphate
- triose-P
sum of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate 相似文献
95.
A berberine-aniline blue fluorescent staining procedure for suberin,lignin, and callose in plant tissue 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Summary A fluorescent staining procedure to detect suberin, lignin and callose in plants has been developed. This procedure greatly improves on previous methods for visualizing Casparian bands in root exodermal and endodermal cells, and performs equally well on a variety of other plant tissues. Berberine was selected as the most suitable replacement forChelidonium majus root extract after comparing the staining properties of the extract with those of four of its constituent alkaloids. Aniline blue counterstaining efficiently quenched unwanted background fluorescence and nonspecific berberine staining, while providing a fluorochrome for callose. When used with multichambered holders which allow simultaneous processing of freehand sections, this efficient staining procedure facilitates morphological studies involving large numbers of samples.Abbreviations ISCC-NBS
Inter-Society Color Council-National Bureau of Standards
- UV
ultraviolet light 相似文献
96.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying a disarmed Ti-plasmid vector containing a chimeric NPT-II gene and a glyphosate resistance plant-derived 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene was used to transform flax hypocotyl tissues. Transformed shoots could be regenerated from the inoculated tissue and were proven to be transgenic by the combination of leaf callus assays, nopaline assays and progeny tests. Co-segregation was observed in the progeny for kanamycin and glyphosate resistance. 相似文献
97.
Peter O''Connell G. Mark Lathrop Mark Leppert Yusuke Nakamura Ulrich Müller Jean-Marc Lalouel Ray White 《Genomics》1988,3(4):367-372
We have constructed a primary genetic map of human chromosome 18 consisting of 11 DNA markers and one serological marker (JK). Two of these loci define highly polymorphic VNTR systems. The markers define a continuous genetic linkage map of 97 cM in males and 205 cM in females; female genetic distances in a panel of 59 three-generation families were consistently about twice those observed in males. The high odds in support of the linear order of the markers on this recombination map, and the extent of coverage of chromosome 18, indicate that this map will permit efficient linkage studies of human genetic diseases that may be segregating on chromosome 18 and will provide anchor points for development of high-resolution maps for this chromosome. 相似文献
98.
Brian R. Monsma Alan G. Glaros Mark A. Lumley 《Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback》1988,13(2):113-122
The use of noncontingent feedback controls in studies of the efficacy and process of electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback may yield results confounded by differential expectancies for relaxation. Furthermore, the role of expectancies in producing psychological and physical relaxation as well as reducing muscle activity is unclear. This study investigated the effects of feedback delays and induced relaxation expectancies on EMG activity and experienced relaxation. One hundred four non-clinical subjects participated in one auditory frontal EMG biofeedback training session. Subjects were assigned to one of four computerized feedback delay conditions (0.0037, 0.7493, 2.2481, 6.7444 s) and to one of two relaxation expectancy conditions (positive or negative). During 20 minutes of biofeedback training, all groups decreased frontal activity. Feedback delays interacted with training epochs in affecting EMG; the longest delay group reduced frontal activity more slowly than the shortest delay group during training. Positive relaxation expectancies produced greater experienced relaxation than did negative relaxation expectancies. Instrumental and expectancy factors in EMG biofeedback appear to operate independently of each other by reducing physiological activity and producing psychological relaxation respectively.This study was completed by the first author under the direction of the second author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree. We gratefully acknowledge the computerization advice and assistance provided by Larry Wheeler, and the assistance in data collection provided by Dawn Dexter and Michael Winstanley. 相似文献
99.
Data from the long-term experiment on sheep grazing versus zero sheep grazing (i.e. in an enclosure) on the composition of the Juncus squarrosus grassland at the Moor House NNR are presented. The data have been analysed to assess change in (1) the abundance of individual species, (2) higher plant and bryophyte communities, and (3) vegetation structure. The higher plant data suggested that both the enclosed-and grazed plots were changing in the same direction, but the enclosed plot was moving much faster. The general tendency was towards a blanket bog vegetation dominated by Eriophorum vaginatum and Calluna vulgaris. Juncus squarrosus has declined very quickly in the enclosed plot, but there has also been a slower decline in the grazed one. A significant increase in Calluna vulgaris has occurred only in the enclosed plot. In contrast, the bryophyte data showed completely different successional trajectories in the two treatment plots.The vegetation structure changed markedly after release from grazing, with a decrease in phytomass, but increase in necromass in the lowest height strata. There was no noticeable change in structure over the 18 year period in the grazed plot.Particular problems found in this study were that some species either fluctuated widely in response, or changed in a curvilinear manner. 相似文献
100.
Brain Cell Biology - Light and electron microscopy were used to investigate long-term regeneration in peripheral nerves regenerating across a 10 mm gap through silicone tubes. Schwann cells and... 相似文献