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41.
Horacio A. Ramirez Liang Liang Irena Pastar Ashley M. Rosa Olivera Stojadinovic Thomas G. Zwick Robert S. Kirsner Anna G. Maione Jonathan A. Garlick Marjana Tomic-Canic 《PloS one》2015,10(8)
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic, severe disease rapidly increasing in incidence and prevalence and is associated with numerous complications. Patients with DM are at high risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) that often lead to lower limb amputations, long term disability, and a shortened lifespan. Despite this, the effects of DM on human foot skin biology are largely unknown. Thus, the focus of this study was to determine whether DM changes foot skin biology predisposing it for healing impairment and development of DFU. Foot skin samples were collected from 20 patients receiving corrective foot surgery and, using a combination of multiple molecular and cellular approaches, we performed comparative analyses of non-ulcerated non-neuropathic diabetic foot skin (DFS) and healthy non-diabetic foot skin (NFS). MicroRNA (miR) profiling of laser captured epidermis and primary dermal fibroblasts from both DFS and NFS samples identified 5 miRs de-regulated in the epidermis of DFS though none reached statistical significance. MiR-31-5p and miR-31-3p were most profoundly induced. Although none were significantly regulated in diabetic fibroblasts, miR-29c-3p showed a trend of up-regulation, which was confirmed by qPCR in a prospective set of 20 skin samples. Gene expression profiling of full thickness biopsies identified 36 de-regulated genes in DFS (>2 fold-change, unadjusted p-value ≤ 0.05). Of this group, three out of seven tested genes were confirmed by qPCR: SERPINB3 was up-regulated whereas OR2A4 and LGR5 were down-regulated in DFS. However no morphological differences in histology, collagen deposition, and number of blood vessels or lymphocytes were found. No difference in proliferative capacity was observed by quantification of Ki67 positive cells in epidermis. These findings suggest DM causes only subtle changes to foot skin. Since morphology, mRNA and miR levels were not affected in a major way, additional factors, such as neuropathy, vascular complications, or duration of DM, may further compromise tissue’s healing ability leading to development of DFUs. 相似文献
42.
Rok Martin?i? Janez Mravljak Urban ?vajger Andrej Perdih Marko Anderluh Marjana Novi? 《PloS one》2015,10(10)
A pigment from the edible mushroom Xerocomus badius norbadione A, which is a natural derivative of pulvinic acid, was found to possess antioxidant properties. Since the pulvinic acid represents a novel antioxidant scaffold, several other derivatives were recently synthetized and evaluated experimentally, along with some structurally related coumarine derivatives. The obtained data formed the basis for the construction of several quantitative structure-activity and pharmacophore models, which were employed in the virtual screening experiments of compound libraries and for the prediction of their antioxidant activity, with the goal of discovering novel compounds possessing antioxidant properties. A final prioritization list of 21 novel compounds alongside 8 established antioxidant compounds was created for their experimental evaluation, consisting of the DPPH assay, 2-deoxyribose assay, β-carotene bleaching assay and the cellular antioxidant activity assay. Ten novel compounds from the tetronic acid and barbituric acid chemical classes displayed promising antioxidant activity in at least one of the used assays, that is comparable to or even better than some standard antioxidants. Compounds 5, 7 and 9 displayed good activity in all the assays, and were furthermore effective preventers of oxidative stress in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which are promising features for the potential therapeutic use of such compounds. 相似文献
43.
Marjana Regvar Diane Eichert Burkhard Kaulich Alessandra Gianoncelli Paula Pongrac Katarina Vogel-Mikuš 《Plant and Soil》2013,373(1-2):157-171
Background and aims
Distinct metal distribution patterns within leaves of metal hyperaccumulating plants are repeatedly observed however, the presumable role of key structural biochemical molecules in determining and regulating their allocation remains largely unknown. We aimed to characterise in a spatially resolved manner the distribution of the main biochemical components in leaves of field-collected Cd/Zn-hyperaccumulating Noccaea praecox in order to relate them to metal distribution patterns at tissue level.Methods
The biomolecular composition of the leaves was spatially analysed using synchrotron radiation Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and the distribution of Zn with synchrotron radiation Low-Energy X-Ray Fluorescence (LEXRF) microspectroscopy was determined on the same tissues of interest (epidermis, sub-epidermis, mesophyll).Results
In epidermal cells high proportion of free-carboxyl, nitro and phosphate groups standing for pectin, nitroaromatics, phytic and other organic acids were found. Adjacent mesophyll cells had higher proportions of proteins, carbohydrates and cellulosic compounds.Conclusions
Pectin compounds were indicated as important components of Zn enriched epidermal cell walls. In addition, intense lignification of epidermal cell walls might limit leakage of the trapped metals back to the metabolically active and thus more sensitive mesophyll. Distribution of metal-binding compounds in particular cell types/tissues may therefore predispose metal distribution patterns and tolerance in leaves. 相似文献44.
The amphibious plant species of intermittent aquatic habitats thrive both submerged and emerged. In order to outline the adaptive
characters of these two life forms photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2, leaf contents of chlorophyll (Chl) a and b, carotenoids (Car), anthocyanins (Ant), and UV-B absorbing compounds (UV-B abs), and root aerenchyma and arbuscular mycorrhizal
(AM) colonisation were studied in Glyceria fluitans, Gratiola officinalis, Ranunculus lingua, Teucrium scordium, Sium latifolium, Sparganium emersum, and Veronica anagallis-aquatica. Water level fluctuations did not exert a severe effect on photon harvesting efficiency. Submerged specimens had higher contents
of Car and Ant whereas higher contents of UV-B abs were found in emerged specimens indicating efficient protection against
the harmful effects of solar radiation. Roots of all species studied had extensive aerenchyma and were colonised by AM fungi,
which were significantly more abundant in emerged specimens. This is the first report on AM symbiosis in S. latifolium and S. emersum. 相似文献
45.
The activities of the enzymes responsible for cell-wall strengthening and salicylic acid (SA) content in Norway spruce seedlings
were investigated after inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius or the pathogen Heterobasidion annosum, and after treatment with elicitors from both of these fungi. Inoculation with both fungi increased guaiacol peroxidase (POD)
activity in the roots of the pathogen-inoculated seedlings during the earliest phases of colonisation, and induced the activities
of several POD isoforms. Two of these were only seen in pathogen-inoculated seedlings and corresponded with increased POD
activity against ferulic acid. Colonisation with H. annosum triggered an increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in the roots of the spruce seedlings, which was followed
by an accumulation of free SA. One month after inoculation levels of free SA were increased also in the shoots of H. annosum-inoculated seedlings. In contrast increase in free SA content in the roots of P. tinctorius-inoculated seedlings was only transient. Similarly to inoculation, treatment with elicitors of H. annosum increased the PAL and POD activity, as well as SA content in the roots of spruce seedlings. A positive correlation between
PAL activity and SA content in the H. annosum-inoculated seedlings and accumulation of SA precursors in the phenylpropanoid pathway indicate that the plant defence mechanisms,
during which SA is synthesised through the PAL pathway, are exploited by H. annosum for facilitation of colonisation. 相似文献
46.
Mycorrhizal status and diversity of fungal endophytes in roots of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To determine the mycorrhizal status and to identify the fungi colonising the roots of the plants, common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum) were inoculated with an indigenous fungal mixture from a buckwheat field. Root colonisation was characterised by the hyphae and distinct microsclerotia of dark septate endophytes, with occasional arbuscules and vesicles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Sequences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonising tartary buckwheat clustered close to the Glomus species group A. Sequences with similarity to the Ceratobasidium/Rhizoctonia complex, a putative dark septate endophyte fungus, were amplified from the roots of both common and tartary buckwheat. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation in tartary buckwheat and the first molecular characterisation of these fungi that can colonise both of these economically important plant species. 相似文献
47.
Vogel-Mikus K Simcic J Pelicon P Budnar M Kump P Necemer M Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J Przybyłowicz WJ Regvar M 《Plant, cell & environment》2008,31(10):1484-1496
A detailed localization of elements in leaf tissues of the field-collected Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox (Brassicaceae) growing at a highly metal-polluted site was determined by micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) in order to reveal and compare nutrient and non-essential element accumulation patterns in the case of multiple metal accumulation within particular leaf tissues, including the detailed distribution between apoplast and symplast regions. On the larger scans, the highest concentrations of metals were observed in the epidermis, S and Ca in the palisade mesophyll, Cl in the spongy mesophyll and vascular bundles, and P and K in the vascular bundles. On the more detailed scans, the highest Cd, Pb, Cl and K concentrations were observed in vascular bundle collenchyma. The relative element distribution (%) was calculated based on concentrations of elements in particular leaf tissues and their relative weight portions, indicating that most of the accumulated Zn was located in epidermises, while the majority of Cd and Pb was distributed within the mesophyll. Detailed scans of epidermal/mesophyll tissues revealed that Zn was mainly accumulated and detoxified in the symplast of large vacuolated epidermal cells, Cd in the mesophyll symplast, and Pb in the mesophyll symplast and apoplast. 相似文献
48.
49.
?pela?BaeblerEmail author Matja??Hren Marjana?Camloh Maja?Ravnikar Borut?Bohanec Igor?Plaper Robert?Ucman Jana??el 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2005,41(3):338-343
Summary Yew cell suspension culture is used as an alternative source of paclitaxel, an anti-cancer drug. To optimize the initiation
protocol, highly dormant yew seeds were germinated in vitro and the seedlings used to establish callus culture. The best sources of explant for callus initiation and growth were seedling
stems and roots, and the most successful medium was modified B5 medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin.
Calluses were friable and suitable for establishing cell suspension cultures, which were maintained for over 3 yr. Flow cytometric
analysis of nuclear DNA content revealed that 2-yr-old cell suspension cultures consisted predominantly of putative euploid
and aneuploid cells coexisting as sub-populations. Additional measurements performed 3 and 7 mo. later revealed further genomic
instability, with a tendency towards a higher proportion of cells with elevated nuclear DNA content. In a selected cell line,
which showed significant taxane production, the addition of 100 μM jasmonic acid strongly enhanced total taxane production and slightly inibited growth while no effect on nuclear DNA content
was noted. 相似文献
50.