菲律宾海北部底质沉积中的深海介形类

对琉球群岛东侧的菲律宾海北部海区(27.0°-30.0°N,129.5°-135.5°E)水深1 666 m至6 616 m的123个表层沉积物样品进行了定量微体古生物学研究.仅在38个样品中发现介形类,主要分布在4 000 m以浅水深区.初步鉴定有21属35种,其中Krithe在样品中的出现率和丰度最高,其次常见的还...     

再论假裸枝叠层石科*

内蒙古桌子山地区中奥陶统公乌素组遗迹化石十分丰富.本文共鉴定、描述14个遗迹属、17个遗迹种,其中1新遗迹属——Biscopulatichnus、4新遗种和6未定种.并根据不同遗迹属在不同层位中的相对丰度,建立了4个遗迹组合,自下而上的顺序是:1. Taenidium-Phycodes 组合;2. Volkichnium 组合;3. Helminthopsis 组合;4. Granularia-Circulichnus 组合,大致相当于 Seilacher (1967) 的 Zoophycos 遗迹相,反映出公乌素组沉积期,水体较深且宁静、缺氧、有机质含量高,推测应为大陆斜坡环境.     

中国外来海洋生物及其影响

到目前为止,我国已从国外引进了鱼类10种、虾类2种、贝类9种、棘皮动物1种、藻类4种进行海水养殖;引进了抗盐植物2种进行盐碱地栽培;海洋水族馆业的发展,引进了数百种观赏性海洋生物;航运业中的船体附着及压舱水排放,无意中带入了几百种外来海洋生物。首先,外来海洋入侵生物与土著海洋生物争夺生存空间与食物,危害我国土著海洋生物的生存。其次,海洋外来生物通过与亲缘关系接近的物种进行杂交,降低我国海洋土著生物的遗传质量,造成遗传污染。再次,外来海洋生物可能带来病原生物,对海洋生态环境造成巨大的危害。此外,近些年来,我国沿海赤潮越来越严重,其重要原因之一是外来生存能力较强的赤潮生物的危害。     

Fundulus heteroclitus卵子的发育能力的研究

以实验的方法来研究 Fundulus heteroclitus 卵子分裂球的发育能力,最早的工作是 Morgan 1893和1895年的报告。他在2细胞时期,用针穿破卵膜,刺死一个分裂球。针抽出后,轻轻的抑压卵膜,挤出刺死的分裂球的细胞质,但不损伤下面的卵黄。经过这样手术以后,遗留在膜内的分裂球能继续发育。68个卵子中,20个左右在胚胎形成前死亡,其余都能继续发育,成为正常的胚胎。胚胎的身体一般比正常的小,比正常的二分之一来得大。Morgan 在他1893年的论文中,认为去掉一半分裂球的卵子,发育成为大于二分之一胚胎的原因,是留存的细胞质多于二分之一的结果。因在2细胞时期,     

Fast growth involves high dependence on stored resources in seedlings of Mediterranean evergreen trees

Background and Aims Extreme climatic events such as severe droughts are expected to increase with climate change and to limit grassland perennity. The present study aimed to characterize the adaptive responses by which temperate herbaceous grassland species resist, survive and recover from a severe drought and to explore the relationships between plant resource use and drought resistance strategies.Methods Monocultures of six native perennial species from upland grasslands and one Mediterranean drought-resistant cultivar were compared under semi-controlled and non-limiting rooting depth conditions. Above- and below-ground traits were measured under irrigation in spring and during drought in summer (50 d of withholding water) in order to characterize resource use and drought resistance strategies. Plants were then rehydrated and assessed for survival (after 15 d) and recovery (after 1 year).Key Results Dehydration avoidance through water uptake was associated with species that had deep roots (>1·2 m) and high root mass (>4 kg m⁻³). Cell membrane stability ensuring dehydration tolerance of roots and meristems was positively correlated with fructan content and negatively correlated with sucrose content. Species that survived and recovered best combined high resource acquisition in spring (leaf elongation rate >9 mm d⁻¹ and rooting depth >1·2 m) with both high dehydration avoidance and tolerance strategies.Conclusions Most of the native forage species, dominant in upland grassland, were able to survive and recover from extreme drought, but with various time lags. Overall the results suggest that the wide range of interspecific functional strategies for coping with drought may enhance the resilience of upland grassland plant communities under extreme drought events.     

Rescue of Fragile X Syndrome Neurons by DNA Methylation Editing of the FMR1 Gene

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