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Summary 1) Analysis of the clinical histories of 100 histoplasmin-positive reactors: 61% are histoplasmin-positive and tuberculin-negative, 39% histoplasmin- and tuberculin-positive.2) Lung X-rays have been taken of 38 of the 100 patients. In 22 X-rays (58%) calcifications are present.3) 4 cases are described: 3 of them with a history and with radiological symptoms, that make it evident, that they have had a histoplasmosis; one case is considered as a histoplasmosis in evolution.4) All cases are benign forms of histoplasmosis.
Zusammenfassung 1) Die Krankengeschichten von 100 histoplasmin-positiven Patienten werden analysiert. 61% davon sind histoplasmin-positiv und tuberkulin-negativ, 39% histoplasmin- und tuberkulin-positiv.2) Von 38 der 100 Patienten wurden Lungenroentgenbilder aufgenommen. In 22 Aufnahmen (58%) fanden sich Verkalkungen.3) 4 Fälle werden beschrieben: bei dreien machen es Krankengeschichte und Roentgenbefund evident, dass sie eine Histoplasmose durchgemacht haben; ein Fall wird als akute Histoplasmose angesehen.4) Bei allen Fällen handelt es sich um eine gutartige Form der Histoplasmose.
Read in the meeting of the First Congress of the International Society for Tropical Dermatology, Naples, June 8–13, 1964. 相似文献
Parkinson’s disease (PD) signs and symptoms regularly include tremor. Interestingly, the nucleoside guanosine (GUO) has already proven to be effective in reducing reserpine-induced tremulous jaw movements (TJMs) in rodent models, thus becoming a promising antiparkinsonian drug. Here, we aimed at revealing the mechanism behind GUO antiparkinsonian efficacy by assessing the role of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors (A1R and A2AR) on GUO-mediated anti-tremor effects in the reserpinized mouse model of PD. Reserpinized mice showed elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular membrane damage in striatal slices assessed ex vivo and GUO treatment reversed ROS production. Interestingly, while the simultaneous administration of sub-effective doses of GUO (5 mg/kg) and SCH58261 (0.01 mg/kg), an A2AR antagonist, precluded reserpine-induced TJMs, these were ineffective on reverting ROS production in ex vivo experiments. Importantly, GUO was able to reduce TJM and ROS production in reserpinized mouse lacking the A2AR, thus suggesting an A2AR-independent mechanism of GUO-mediated effects. Conversely, the administration of DPCPX (0.75 mg/kg), an A1R antagonist, completely abolished both GUO-mediated anti-tremor effects and blockade of ROS production. Overall, these results indicated that GUO anti-tremor and antioxidant effects in reserpinized mice were A1R dependent but A2AR independent, thus suggesting a differential participation of adenosine receptors in GUO-mediated effects.
相似文献Obsolescence, as premature end of use, increases the overall number of products produced and consumed, and thereby can increase the environmental impact. Measures to decrease the effects of obsolescence by altering the product or service design have the potential to increase use time (defined as the realized active service life) of devices, but can themselves have (environmental) drawbacks, for example, because the amount of material required for production increases. As such, paying special attention to methodological choices when assessing such measures and strategies using life cycle assessment (LCA) needs is crucial.
MethodsOpen questions and key aspects of obsolescence, including the analysis of its effects and preventative measures, are discussed against the backdrop of the principles and framework for LCA given in ISO 14040/44, which includes guidance on how to define a useful functional unit and reference flow in the context of real-life use time.
Results and discussionThe open and foundational requirements of ISO 14040/14044 already form an excellent basis for analysis of the phenomenon obsolescence and its environmental impact in product comparisons. However, any analysis presumes clear definition of the goal and scope phase with special attention paid to aspects relevant to obsolescence: the target product and user group needs to be placed into context with the analysed “anti-obsolescence” measures. The reference flow needs to reflect a realized use time (and not solely a technical lifetime when not relevant for the product under study). System boundaries and types of data need to be chosen also in context of the anti-obsolescence measure to include, for example, the production of spare parts to reflect repairable design and/or manufacturer-specific yields to reflect high-quality manufacturing.
ConclusionsUnderstanding the relevant obsolescence conditions for the product system under study and how these may differ across the market segment or user types is crucial for a fair and useful comparison and the evaluation of anti-obsolescence measures.
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