全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1013篇 |
免费 | 82篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 20篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 31篇 |
2015年 | 42篇 |
2014年 | 40篇 |
2013年 | 57篇 |
2012年 | 70篇 |
2011年 | 80篇 |
2010年 | 52篇 |
2009年 | 26篇 |
2008年 | 57篇 |
2007年 | 46篇 |
2006年 | 48篇 |
2005年 | 43篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 38篇 |
2002年 | 38篇 |
2001年 | 33篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 37篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
1964年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1095条查询结果,搜索用时 435 毫秒
81.
Maria Carmen Marin Christine A. Jost Meredith S. Irwin James A. DeCaprio Daniel Caput William G. Kaelin Jr. 《Molecular and cellular biology》1998,18(11):6316-6324
p73 is a recently identified member of the p53 family. Previously it was shown that p73 can, when overproduced in p53-defective tumor cells, activate p53-responsive promoters and induce apoptosis. In this report we describe the generation of anti-p73 monoclonal antibodies and confirm that two previously described p73 isoforms are produced in mammalian cells. Furthermore, we show that these two isoforms can bind to canonical p53 DNA-binding sites in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Despite the high degree of similarity between p53 and p73, we found that adenovirus E1B 55K, simian virus 40 T, and human papillomavirus E6 do not physically interact with p73. The observation that viral oncoproteins discriminate between p53 and p73 suggests that the functions of these two proteins may differ under physiological conditions. Furthermore, they suggest that inactivation of p73 may not be required for transformation. 相似文献
82.
N.M.S.M. Techow C. O’Ryan R.A. Phillips R. Gales M. Marin D. Patterson-Fraser F. Quintana M.S. Ritz D.R. Thompson R.M. Wanless H. Weimerskirch P.G. Ryan 《Molecular phylogenetics and evolution》2010,54(2):472-487
We examine global phylogeography of the two forms of giant petrel Macronectes spp. Although previously considered to be a single taxon, and despite debate over the status of some populations and the existence of minimal genetic data (one mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence per form), the current consensus based on morphology is that there are two species, Northern Giant Petrel M. halli and Southern Giant Petrel M. giganteus. This study examined genetic variation at cytochrome b as well as six microsatellite loci in giant petrels from 22 islands, representing most island groups at which the two species breed. Both markers support separate species status, although sequence divergence in cytochrome b was only 0.42% (corrected). Divergence was estimated to have occurred approximately 0.2 mya, but with some colonies apparently separated for longer (up to 0.5 my). Three clades were found within giant petrels, which separated approximately 0.7 mya, with the Southern Giant Petrel paraphyletic to a monophyletic Northern Giant Petrel. There was evidence of past fragmentation during the Pleistocene, with subsequent secondary contact within Southern Giant Petrels. The analysis also suggested a period of past population expansion that corresponded roughly to the timing of speciation and the separation of an ancestral giant petrel population from the fulmar Fulmarus clade. 相似文献
83.
For the first time, a morphological study of haemocytes from the crab Carcinus aestuarii was carried out by means of light microscopy and differing cytochemical assays. Analysis of haemocyte size frequency distribution (performed by means of a Coulter Counter) revealed the presence of two distinct haemocyte fractions in C. aestuarii haemolymph, depending on cell size. The first fraction was of about 3–5 µm in diameter and 30–50 fL in volume, the second was of about 6–12 µm in diameter and over 200 fL in volume. Mean cell diameter and volume were 8.20±1.7 µm and 272.30±143.5 fL, respectively. Haemocytes observed under light microscope were distinguished in three cell types: granulocytes (28%; 11.94±1.43 µm in diameter) with evident cytoplasmic granules, semigranulocytes (27%; 12.38±1.76 µm in diameter) with less granules than granulocytes, and hyalinocytes (44%; 7.88±1.6 µm in diameter) without granules. In addition, a peculiar cell type was occasionally found (about 1%): it was 25–30 µm in diameter and had a great vacuole and a peripheral cytoplasm with granules. Granulocyte and semigranulocyte granules stained in vivo with Neutral Red, indicating that they were lysosomes. Giemsa’s dye confirmed that granulocytes and semigranulocytes were larger than hyalinocytes. Pappenheim’s panoptical staining and Ehrlich’s triacid mixture allowed to distinguish granule-containing cells (including semigranulocytes) in acidophils (64%), basophils (35%) and neutrophils (1%). Hyalinocytes showed always a basophilic cytoplasm. Haemocytes were positive to the PAS reaction for carbohydrates, even if cytoplasm carbohydrate distribution varied among cell types. Lastly, lipids were found on cell membrane and in cytoplasm of all haemocyte types in the form of black spots produced after Sudan Black B staining. The morphological characterisation of C. aestuarii haemocytes by light microscopy was necessary before performing both ultrastructural and functional studies of circulating cells.Key words: Carcinus aestuarii, crab, haemocytes, light microscopy, cytochemical assays, morphological characterisation. 相似文献
84.
Stefano Crosignani Agnes Bombrun David Covini Maurizio Maio Delphine Marin Anna Quattropani Dominique Swinnen Don Simpson Wolfgang Sauer Bernard Françon Thierry Martin Yves Cambet Anthony Nichols Isabelle Martinou Fabienne Burgat-Charvillon Delphine Rivron Cristina Donini Olivier Schott Valerie Eligert Laurence Novo-Perez Jean-François Arrighi 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2010,20(5):1516-1519
The discovery of a novel series of S1P1 agonists is described. Starting from a micromolar HTS positive, iterative optimization gave rise to several single-digit nanomolar S1P1 agonists. The compounds were able to induce internalization of the S1P1 receptor, and a selected compound was shown to be able to induce lymphopenia in mice after oral dosing. 相似文献
85.
Based on sequence similarity, the mscCG gene product of Corynebacterium glutamicum belongs to the family of MscS-type mechanosensitive channels. In order to investigate the physiological significance of MscCG in response to osmotic shifts in detail, we studied its properties using both patch-clamp techniques and betaine efflux kinetics. After heterologous expression in an Escherichiacoli strain devoid of mechanosensitive channels, in patch-clamp analysis of giant E. coli spheroplasts MscCG showed the typical pressure dependent gating behavior of a stretch-activated channel with a current/voltage dependence indicating a strongly rectifying behavior. Apart from that, MscCG is characterized by significant functional differences with respect to conductance, ion selectivity and desensitation behavior as compared to MscS from E. coli. Deletion and complementation studies in C. glutamicum showed a significant contribution of MscCG to betaine efflux in response to hypoosmotic conditions. A detailed analysis of concomitant betaine uptake (by the betaine transporter BetP) and efflux (by MscCG) under hyperosmotic conditions indicates that MscCG may act in osmoregulation in C. glutamicum by fine-tuning the steady state concentration of compatible solutes in the cytoplasm which are accumulated in response to hyperosmotic stress. 相似文献
86.
Antenna complexes are key components of plant photosynthesis, the process that converts sunlight, CO2, and water into oxygen and sugars. We report the first (to our knowledge) femtosecond transient absorption study on the light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes CP26 (Lhcb5) and CP24 (Lhcb6) of Photosystem II. The complexes are excited at three different wavelengths in the chlorophyll (Chl) Qy region. Both complexes show a single subpicosecond Chl b to Chl a transfer process. In addition, a reduction in the population of the intermediate states (in the 660-670 nm range) as compared to light-harvesting complex II is correlated in CP26 to the absence of both Chls a604 and b605. However, Chl forms around 670 nm are still present in the Chl a Qy range, which undergoes relaxation with slow rates (10-15 ps). This reduction in intermediate-state amplitude CP24 shows a distinctive narrow band at 670 nm connected with Chls b and decaying to the low-energy Chl a states in 3-5 ps. This 670 nm band, which is fully populated in 0.6 ps together with the Chl a low-energy states, is proposed to originate from Chl 602 or 603. In this study, we monitored the energy flow within two minor complexes, and our results may help elucidate these structures in the future. 相似文献
87.
Ruth C. Galindo Pilar M. Munoz Maria J. de Miguel Clara M. Marin Javier Labairu Miguel Revilla Jose M. Blasco Christian Gortazar Jose de la Fuente 《遗传学报》2010,37(11):725-736
Brucella suis is responsible for swine brucellosis worldwide.Of the five different 8.suis biovars (bv.), bv.2 appears restricted to Europe where it is frequently isolated from wild boar and hares, can infect pigs and can cause human brucellosis.In this study, the differ-ential gene expression profile was characterized in spleens of Eurasian wild boar naturally infected with B.suis by.2.Of the 20,201 genes analyzed in the microarray, 633 and 1,373 were significantly (fold change>1.8; P<0.01) upregulated and downregulated, respectively,in infected wild boar.The analysis was focused on genes that were over represented after conditional test for biological process gene on-tology.Upregulated genes suggested that B.suis bv.2 infection induced cell maturation, migration and/or proliferation in infected animals.The genes downregulated in infected wild boar impaired the activity of several important cellular metabolic pathways such as metabolism,cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis, immune response and lysosomal function and vesicle-mediated transport.In addition, the re-sponse to stress, sperm fertility, muscle development and apoptosis seemed to be also impaired in infected animals.These results sug-gested that B.suis by.2 may use strategies similar to other smooth brucellae to facilitate intraeellular multiplication and the developmentof chronic infections.To our knowledge, this is the first report of the analysis of gene expression profile in hosts infected with B.suis by.2, which is important to understand the molecular mechanisms at the host-pathogen interface in the main reservoir species with possible implications in the zoonotic cycle of the pathogen. 相似文献
88.
Nicolas Vidal Julie Marin Marina Morini Steve Donnellan William R. Branch Richard Thomas Miguel Vences Addison Wynn Corinne Cruaud S. Blair Hedges 《Biology letters》2010,6(4):558-561
Worm-like snakes (scolecophidians) are small, burrowing species with reduced vision. Although largely neglected in vertebrate research, knowledge of their biogeographical history is crucial for evaluating hypotheses of snake origins. We constructed a molecular dataset for scolecophidians with detailed sampling within the largest family, Typhlopidae (blindsnakes). Our results demonstrate that scolecophidians have had a long Gondwanan history, and that their initial diversification followed a vicariant event: the separation of East and West Gondwana approximately 150 Ma. We find that the earliest blindsnake lineages, representing two new families described here, were distributed on the palaeolandmass of India+Madagascar named here as Indigascar. Their later evolution out of Indigascar involved vicariance and several oceanic dispersal events, including a westward transatlantic one, unexpected for burrowing animals. The exceptional diversification of scolecophidians in the Cenozoic was probably linked to a parallel radiation of prey (ants and termites) as well as increased isolation of populations facilitated by their fossorial habits. 相似文献
89.
Henry F. Howe Yuliana Urincho-Pantaleon Marinés de la Peña-Domene Cristina Martínez-Garza 《Oecologia》2010,164(3):731-740
We explore processes of seed immigration and seedling recruitment before an experimental rainforest restoration matures enough
to affect either. Twenty-four 30 × 30-m plots were fenced in 12 ha of pasture in 2006. Seeds were collected in ninety-six
1-m−2 seed traps; recruits were censused in ~12,000 m2 in which establishment was allowed. We tested effects of distance from forest, living trees, and stumps of trees cut during
site preparation on seed rain in 2007 and effects of these and soil depth on recruits through June 2008. Seed fall and recruitment
were not correlated with distance to forest 90–400 m away, nor to living shade trees outside the 160 × 485-m experimental
grid. Recruitment differed for animal- and wind-dispersed species in a topographically complex landscape. Recruitment of wind-dispersed
species was random with respect to soil depth or distance to recent stumps. Recruitment of animal-dispersed species was multimodal;
partial correlations with number of stumps within 30 m of plots were significant with soil depth held constant (P < 0.025), as were correlations of recruitment with soil depth with number of stumps held constant (P < 0.01). Animal-dispersed recruits were often not conspecifics of adults that had been cut, indicating a legacy of attraction
by fruiting trees of animals bearing seeds from distant sources. Ecological implications are that recruitment in pastures
released from grazing reflects a mix of widely scattered wind-dispersed pioneers and, where animal-dispersed trees exist,
multi-modal and decidedly non-random recruitment of pioneer and later successional animal-dispersed trees from seed banks. 相似文献
90.