全文获取类型
收费全文 | 768篇 |
免费 | 62篇 |
专业分类
830篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 14篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 36篇 |
2015年 | 46篇 |
2014年 | 53篇 |
2013年 | 68篇 |
2012年 | 71篇 |
2011年 | 49篇 |
2010年 | 35篇 |
2009年 | 22篇 |
2008年 | 43篇 |
2007年 | 33篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 32篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 4篇 |
1950年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有830条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
Baart GJ Willemsen M Khatami E de Haan A Zomer B Beuvery EC Tramper J Martens DE 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2008,101(5):1022-1035
Neisseria meningitidis is a human pathogen that can infect diverse sites within the human host. The major diseases caused by N. meningitidis are responsible for death and disability, especially in young infants. At the Netherlands Vaccine Institute (NVI) a vaccine against serogroup B organisms is currently being developed. This study describes the influence of the growth rate of N. meningitidis on its macro-molecular composition and its metabolic activity and was determined in chemostat cultures. In the applied range of growth rates, no significant changes in RNA content and protein content with growth rate were observed in N. meningitidis. The DNA content in N. meningitidis was somewhat higher at the highest applied growth rate. The phospholipid and lipopolysaccharide content in N. meningitidis changed with growth rate but no specific trends were observed. The cellular fatty acid composition and the amino acid composition did not change significantly with growth rate. Additionally, it was found that the PorA content in outer membrane vesicles was significantly lower at the highest growth rate. The metabolic fluxes at various growth rates were calculated using flux balance analysis. Errors in fluxes were calculated using Monte Carlo Simulation and the reliability of the calculated flux distribution could be indicated, which has not been reported for this type of analysis. The yield of biomass on substrate (Y(x/s)) and the maintenance coefficient (m(s)) were determined as 0.44 (+/-0.04) g g(-1) and 0.04 (+/-0.02) g g(-1) h(-1), respectively. The growth associated energy requirement (Y(x/ATP)) and the non-growth associated ATP requirement for maintenance (m(ATP)) were estimated as 0.13 (+/-0.04) mol mol(-1) and 0.43 (+/-0.14) mol mol(-1) h(-1), respectively. It was found that the split ratio between the Entner-Doudoroff and the pentose phosphate pathway, the sole glucose utilizing pathways in N. meningitidis, had a minor effect on ATP formation rate but a major effect on the fluxes going through for instance the citric-acid cycle. For this reason, we presented flux ranges for underdetermined parts of metabolic network rather than presenting single flux values, which is more commonly done in literature. 相似文献
82.
Thijssen DH van Bemmel MM Bullens LM Dawson EA Hopkins ND Tinken TM Black MA Hopman MT Cable NT Green DJ 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2008,295(4):H1594-H1598
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) has become a commonly applied approach for the assessment of vascular function and health, but methods used to calculate FMD differ between studies. For example, the baseline diameter used as a benchmark is sometimes assessed before cuff inflation, whereas others use the diameter during cuff inflation. Therefore, we compared the brachial artery diameter before and during cuff inflation and calculated the resulting FMD in healthy children (n=45; 10+/-1 yr), adults (n=31; 28+/-6 yr), and older subjects (n=22; 58+/-5 yr). Brachial artery FMD was examined after 5 min of distal ischemia. Diameter was determined from either 30 s before cuff inflation or from the last 30 s during cuff inflation. Edge detection and wall tracking of high resolution B-mode arterial ultrasound images was used to calculate conduit artery diameter. Brachial artery diameter during cuff inflation was significantly larger than before inflation in children (P=0.02) and adults (P<0.001) but not in older subjects (P=0.59). Accordingly, FMD values significantly differed in children (11.2+/-5.1% vs. 9.4+/-5.2%; P=0.02) and adults (7.3+/-3.2% vs. 4.6+/-3.3%; P<0.001) but not in older subjects (6.3+/-3.4% vs. 6.0+/-4.2%; P=0.77). When the diameter before cuff inflation was used, an age-dependent decline was evident in FMD, whereas FMD calculated using the diameter during inflation was associated with higher FMD values in older than younger adults. In summary, the inflation of the cuff significantly increases brachial artery diameter, which results in a lower FMD response. This effect was found to be age dependent, which emphasizes the importance of using appropriate methodology to calculate the FMD. 相似文献
83.
84.
Marieke Gorrée Jeroen B. Guinée Gjalt Huppes Lauran van Oers 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2002,7(3):158-166
Linoleum is a floor covering consisting mainly of linseed oil, other vegetable oils, wood flour and limestone on a carrier
of jute. Forbo-Krommenie B.V. commissioned the Centre of Environmental Science (CML) to carry out an Environmental Life Cycle
Assessment for linoleum floors. The goal of this study was to assess the environmental performance of linoleum floors, indicating
possible options for improvement, and assessing the sensitivity of the results to methodological choices. The functional unit
was defined as: 2000 m2 linoleum produced in 1998, used in an office or public building over a period of 20 years. The method followed in this study
is based on a nearly final draft version of the LCA guide published by CML in corporation with many others, which is an update
of the guide on LCA of 1992.
From the contribution analysis, the main contributing processes became clear. In addition, the sensitivity analysis by scenarios
showed that the type of maintenance during use and the pigments used can have a large influence on the results. Major data
gaps of the study were capital goods and unknown chemicals. Sensitivity analysis also showed that these gaps can lead to an
underestimation. Based on this study, some options to improve the environmental performance of linoleum were formulated and
advice for further LCA studies on linoleum was given. 相似文献
85.
Griët Bos Marieke B. Snijder Giel Nijpels Jacqueline M. Dekker Coen D.A. Stehouwer Lex M. Bouter Robert J. Heine Hans Jansen 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2005,13(10):1817-1823
Objective: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) are essential in hydrolysis of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins. LPL activity is negatively, whereas HL activity is positively, associated with total body fat. We determined the associations of trunk and leg fat mass with plasma LPL and HL activities in a cross‐sectional study. Research Methods and Procedures: LPL and HL activities were determined in post‐heparin plasma in a sample of 197 men and 209 women, 60 to 87 years of age. A total body DXA scan was performed to determine trunk and leg fat mass. Results: In women, but not in men, trunk fat mass was negatively associated with LPL activity, whereas leg fat mass was positively associated, after mutual adjustment and adjustment for age. Standardized βs (95% confidence interval) for trunk and leg fat mass were ?0.24 (?0.41; ?0.08) and 0.14 (?0.02; 0.31), respectively (interaction by sex, p = 0.03). Larger trunk fat mass was associated with higher HL activity in men [0.48 (0.28; 0.68)] and women [0.40 (0.24; 0.56)]. A negative association of leg fat mass and HL activity was observed in men, although not statistically significant [?0.13 (?0.33; 0.06)], and in women [?0.28 (?0.38; ?0.18)]. Discussion: Abdominal fat is associated with unfavorable and femoral fat with favorable LPL and HL activities in plasma. 相似文献
86.
87.
88.
Peter L Hagedoorn Martijn C.P.F Driessen Marieke van den Bosch Ilse Landa Wilfred R Hagen 《FEBS letters》1998,440(3):6683
The redox chemistry of Pyrococcus furiosus rubredoxin and ferredoxin has been studied as a function of temperature in direct voltammetry and in EPR monitored bulk titrations. The Ems of both proteins, measured with direct voltammetry, have a normal (linear) temperature dependence and show no pH dependence. EPR monitoring is not a reliable method to determine the temperature dependence of the Em: upon rapid freezing the proteins take their conformation corresponding to the freezing point of the solution. 相似文献
89.
It has been suggested that the relation between diet and breast cancer may depend on estrogen receptor (ER) status. We examined the responses to a self-administered questionnaire on frequency of consumption of various foods by 493 women with breast cancer (160 with ER-negative tumours and 333 with ER-positive tumours) and 527 controls whose menopausal status was known. Analysis of the reported consumption of foods selected for their fat or carotene content showed no clear distinction in dietary factors between the ER-negative and ER-positive groups. Frequent consumption of meat fats generally increased the risk of both ER-negative and ER-positive tumours; there were no clear trends in risk associated with vegetable consumption for either ER group. Fish was the only item affecting the risk for ER-negative and ER-positive tumours differently, frequent consumption reducing the risk for the former (p = 0.02). The results do not support the hypothesis that ER status influences the relation between dietary fat consumption and risk of breast cancer. 相似文献
90.
Marieke ten Hoeve Sander Bruun Irina Naroznova Camilla Lemming Jakob Magid Lars S. Jensen Charlotte Scheutz 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2018,23(10):1950-1965