全文获取类型
收费全文 | 402篇 |
免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
417篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 22篇 |
2013年 | 38篇 |
2012年 | 37篇 |
2011年 | 39篇 |
2010年 | 19篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 35篇 |
2007年 | 19篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 22篇 |
2004年 | 22篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有417条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
181.
Edgard B. Ngoungou Devender Bhalla Amandine Nzoghe Marie-Laure Dardé Pierre-Marie Preux 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2015,9(2)
Background
Toxoplasmosis is an important, widespread, parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The chronic infection in immunocompetent patients, usually considered as asymptomatic, is now suspected to be a risk factor for various neurological disorders, including epilepsy. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to estimate the risk of epilepsy due to toxoplasmosis.Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted of several databases and journals to identify studies published in English or French, without date restriction, which looked at toxoplasmosis (as exposure) and epilepsy (as disease) and met certain other inclusion criteria. The search was based on keywords and suitable combinations in English and French. Fixed and random effects models were used to determine odds ratios, and statistical significance was set at 5.0%.Principal findings
Six studies were identified, with an estimated total of 2888 subjects, of whom 1280 had epilepsy (477 positive for toxoplasmosis) and 1608 did not (503 positive for toxoplasmosis). The common odds ratio (calculated) by random effects model was 2.25 (95% CI 1.27–3.9), p = 0.005.Conclusions
Despite the limited number of studies, and a lack of high-quality data, toxoplasmosis should continue to be regarded as an epilepsy risk factor. More and better studies are needed to determine the real impact of this parasite on the occurrence of epilepsy. 相似文献182.
Sébastien Alfonso Manon Peyrafort Xavier Cousin Marie-Laure Bégout 《Journal of fish biology》2020,96(6):1411-1421
Coping style is defined as a set of individual physiological and behavioural characteristics that are consistent across time and context. In the zebrafish Danio rerio, as well as in many other animals, several covariations have been established among behavioural, physiological and molecular responses. Nonetheless, not many studies have addressed the consistency in behavioural responses over time starting at the larval stage. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the understanding of behavioural consistency across contexts and over time in zebrafish from the larval to juvenile stages. Two distinct experiments were conducted: a larval stage experiment (from 8 to 21 days post fertilization, dpf) and a juvenile stage experiment (from 21 to 60 dpf). On one hand, the larval experiment allows to focus on the transition between 8 and 21 dpf, marked by significant morphological changes related to the end of larval stage and initiation of metamorphosis. On the other hand, the juvenile experiment allows to properly cover the period extending from the end of larval stage to the juvenile stage (60 dpf), including metamorphosis which is itself completed around 45 dpf. Within each experiment, boldness was determined using a group risk-taking test to identify bold and shy individuals. A novel environment test was then performed at the same age to evaluate consistency across contexts. Groups of fish (either bold or shy) were bathed in an alizarin red S solution for later identification of their initially determined coping style to evaluate behavioural consistency over time. Fish were then reared under common garden conditions and challenged again with the same behavioural tests at a later age (21 and 60 dpf in the larval and juvenile experiments, respectively). Behavioural consistency was observed across contexts, with bold fish being more active and expressing higher thigmotaxis regardless of age. There was, however, little behavioural consistency over age, suggesting behavioural plasticity during development. Moreover, the use of alizarin red S to conduct this experiment provides new perspectives for the further study of the longitudinal evolution of various traits, including behaviour, over life stages in fish. 相似文献
183.
184.
Philippe Connes Yann Lamarre Marie-Dominique Hardy-Dessources Nathalie Lemonne Xavier Waltz Danièle Mougenel Martin Mukisi-Mukaza Marie-Laure Lalanne-Mistrih Vanessa Tarer Benoit Tressières Maryse Etienne-Julan Marc Romana 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Leg ulcer is a disabling complication in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) but the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the hematological and hemorheological alterations associated with recurrent leg ulcers. Sixty-two SCA patients who never experienced leg ulcers (ULC-) and 13 SCA patients with a positive history of recurrent leg ulcers (ULC+) - but with no leg ulcers at the time of the study – were recruited. All patients were in steady state condition. Blood was sampled to perform hematological, biochemical (hemolytic markers) and hemorheological analyses (blood viscosity, red blood cell deformability and aggregation properties). The hematocrit-to-viscosity ratio (HVR), which reflects the red blood cell oxygen transport efficiency, was calculated for each subject. Patients from the ULC+ group were older than patients from the ULC- group. Anemia (red blood cell count, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels) was more pronounced in the ULC+ group. Lactate dehydrogenase level was higher in the ULC+ group than in the ULC- group. Neither blood viscosity, nor RBC aggregation properties differed between the two groups. HVR was lower and RBC deformability tended to be reduced in the ULC+ group. Our study confirmed increased hemolytic rate and anemia in SCA patients with leg ulcers recurrence. Furthermore, our data suggest that although systemic blood viscosity is not a major factor involved in the pathophysiology of this complication, decreased red blood cell oxygen transport efficiency (i.e., low hematocrit/viscosity ratio) may play a role. 相似文献
185.
Hugues Ahiboh Allico J Djaman Félix H Yapi Angèle Edjeme-Aké Marie-Laure Hauhouot-Attoungbré Eric D Yayo 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(4):911-917
In the eukaryotic cell, phospholipids can be biosynthesized by two pathways, one from choline and the other one from ethanolamine. The functional effectiveness of each pathway depends on the type of the cell. Thiazolium designed-drugs have shown, under in vivo conditions, antiplasmodial and antimalarial activities with inhibition of the phospholipids biosynthesis. This study aimed to discover the pathways involved in the biosynthesis of phospholipids in Plasmodium and deduce the biochemical steps inhibited by T4, a bis-thiazolium bromide drug. We compared the uptake of radiolabeled precursors and their selective incorporation in the phospholipids of cultured Plasmodium-infected and -uninfected erythrocytes which revealed that phosphatidylcholine of Plasmodium is synthesized both from choline and ethanolamine (4.7 vs 1.9 nmol/1010 cells.h?1). T4 has no effect on the biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine but T4 inhibited, in a selective way, the in vitro uptake of choline. However no enzymes in the biosynthesis of phospholipids seem to be inhibited by T4 but rather an inhibition of choline entry into the parasite. 相似文献
186.
Esther Kott Marie Legendre Bruno Copin Jean-François Papon Florence Dastot-Le Moal Guy Montantin Philippe Duquesnoy William Piterboth Daniel Amram Laurence Bassinet Julie Beucher Nicole Beydon Eric Deneuville Véronique Houdouin Hubert Journel Jocelyne Just Nadia Nathan Aline Tamalet Nathalie Collot Ludovic Jeanson Morgane Le Gouez Benoit Vallette Anne-Marie Vojtek Ralph Epaud André Coste Annick Clement Bruno Housset Bruno Louis Estelle Escudier Serge Amselem 《American journal of human genetics》2013
187.
188.
Modelling root demography in heterogeneous mountain forests and applications for slope stability analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhun Mao Christophe Jourdan Marie-Laure Bonis François Pailler Hervé Rey Laurent Saint-André Alexia Stokes 《Plant and Soil》2013,363(1-2):357-382
Background and aims
Plant roots provide mechanical cohesion (c r ) to soil on slopes which are prone to shallow landslides. c r varies in heterogeneous natural forests due to the spatial, inter- and intra-annual dynamics of root demography. Characterizing root initiation density and mortality, as well as how root growth is influenced by abiotic and biotic factors is essential for exploring a root system’s capacity to reinforce soil.Methods
In this study, root demography data were monitored using field rhizotrons during 1.5 years in two naturally regenerated mixed forests in the French Alps. These forests are composed of trees growing in groups (tree islands) with large gaps between the islands. Three categories of driving variables were measured: (i) spatial factors: altitude (1,400 m, 1,700 m), ecological patch (gap, tree island), soil depth (0.0–1.0 m divided into five layers of 0.2 m); (ii) temporal factors: month (12 months from March 2010 to February 2011), winter (winter of 2009–2010 and 2010–2011); (iii) biological factors: root diameter classes (]0, 1] mm, ]1, 2] mm, ]2, 5] mm (according to the international standard ISO 31–11, ]x, y] denotes a left half-open interval from x (excluded) to y (included)). Two types of two-part models, a Hurdle model (H) and a Zero-inflated model (ZI) were used to fit root data with a high zero population, i.e. if root initiation or mortality was zero during a given time period, or if roots were not present at all points throughout a soil profile.Results
Root initiation quantity decreased with increasing soil depth, as well as being lower in tree islands. Both soil depth and ecological patch interacted strongly with altitude. Root dynamics were significantly less active with a lower net production and c r increment in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. Roots which were ]1, 2] mm in diameter contributed the most to c r compared to other diameter classes, as they had a high production but a low mortality. With regard to model selection, both H and ZI demonstrated similar outcomes and underestimated extreme values of root demography data.Conclusion
All factors contributed towards explaining the variability of root demography and c r . We suggest taking into consideration the seasonality of root dynamics when studying root reinforcement. 相似文献189.
Aurélien Mercier Madougou Garba Henri Bonnabau Mamadou Kane Jean-Pierre Rossi Marie-Laure Dardé Gauthier Dobigny 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(4):399-407
A serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii was
conducted on 766 domestic and peridomestic rodents from 46 trapping sites
throughout the city of Niamey, Niger. A low seroprevalence was found over the
whole town with only 1.96% of the rodents found seropositive. However,
differences between species were important, ranging from less than 2% in truly
commensal Mastomys natalensis, Rattus rattus
and Mus musculus, while garden-associated Arvicanthis niloticus
displayed 9.1% of seropositive individuals. This is in line with previous
studies on tropical rodents - that we reviewed here - which altogether show that
Toxoplasma seroprevalence in rodent is highly variable,
depending on many factors such as locality and/or species. Moreover, although we
were not able to decipher statistically between habitat or species effect, such
a contrast between Nile grass rats and the other rodent species points towards a
potentially important role of environmental toxoplasmic infection. This would
deserve to be further scrutinised since intra-city irrigated cultures are
extending in Niamey, thus potentially increasing Toxoplasma
circulation in this yet semi-arid region. As far as we are aware of, our study
is one of the rare surveys of its kind performed in Sub-Saharan Africa and the
first one ever conducted in the Sahel. 相似文献
190.
Natalie Jäger Matthias Schlesner David T.W. Jones Simon Raffel Jan-Philipp Mallm Kristin M. Junge Dieter Weichenhan Tobias Bauer Naveed Ishaque Marcel Kool Paul A. Northcott Andrey Korshunov Ruben M. Drews Jan Koster Rogier Versteeg Julia Richter Michael Hummel Stephen C. Mack Michael D. Taylor Hendrik Witt Benedict Swartman Dietrich Schulte-Bockholt Marc Sultan Marie-Laure Yaspo Hans Lehrach Barbara Hutter Benedikt Brors Stephan Wolf Christoph Plass Reiner Siebert Andreas Trumpp Karsten Rippe Irina Lehmann Peter Lichter Stefan M. Pfister Roland Eils 《Cell》2013