全文获取类型
收费全文 | 873篇 |
免费 | 61篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 29篇 |
2013年 | 45篇 |
2012年 | 58篇 |
2011年 | 67篇 |
2010年 | 31篇 |
2009年 | 24篇 |
2008年 | 60篇 |
2007年 | 73篇 |
2006年 | 63篇 |
2005年 | 50篇 |
2004年 | 52篇 |
2003年 | 35篇 |
2002年 | 48篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 15篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有934条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
42.
Alexis Dereeper Romain Guyot Christine Tranchant-Dubreuil François Anthony Xavier Argout Fabien de Bellis Marie-Christine Combes Frederick Gavory Alexandre de Kochko Dave Kudrna Thierry Leroy Julie Poulain Myriam Rondeau Xiang Song Rod Wing Philippe Lashermes 《Plant molecular biology》2013,83(3):177-189
Coffee is one of the world’s most important agricultural commodities. Coffee belongs to the Rubiaceae family in the euasterid I clade of dicotyledonous plants, to which the Solanaceae family also belongs. Two bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries of a homozygous doubled haploid plant of Coffea canephora were constructed using two enzymes, HindIII and BstYI. A total of 134,827 high quality BAC-end sequences (BESs) were generated from the 73,728 clones of the two libraries, and 131,412 BESs were conserved for further analysis after elimination of chloroplast and mitochondrial sequences. This corresponded to almost 13 % of the estimated size of the C. canephora genome. 6.7 % of BESs contained simple sequence repeats, the most abundant (47.8 %) being mononucleotide motifs. These sequences allow the development of numerous useful marker sites. Potential transposable elements (TEs) represented 11.9 % of the full length BESs. A difference was observed between the BstYI and HindIII libraries (14.9 vs. 8.8 %). Analysis of BESs against known coding sequences of TEs indicated that 11.9 % of the genome corresponded to known repeat sequences, like for other flowering plants. The number of genes in the coffee genome was estimated at 41,973 which is probably overestimated. Comparative genome mapping revealed that microsynteny was higher between coffee and grapevine than between coffee and tomato or Arabidopsis. BESs constitute valuable resources for the first genome wide survey of coffee and provide new insights into the composition and evolution of the coffee genome. 相似文献
43.
44.
Maggie Roy Marie Hennebelle Valérie St-Pierre Alexandre Courchesne-Loyer Mélanie Fortier Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore Jean-Louis Gallis Marie-Christine Beauvieux Stephen C. Cunnane 《Neurochemistry international》2013
The effect of long-term calorie restriction (CR) on metabolites, fatty acid profiles and energy substrate transporter expression in the brain was assessed in aged rats. Three groups of male Sprague–Dawley rats were studied: (i) a 2 month old ad libitum-fed (2AL group), (ii) a 19 month old ad libitum-fed (19AL group), and (iii) a 19 month old group subjected to 40% CR from the age of 7.5 to 19 months (19CR group). The diet contained high sucrose and low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) so as to imitate a Western-style diet. High resolution magic angle spinning-1H NMR showed an effect of aging on brain cortex metabolites compared to 2AL rats, the largest differences being for myo-inositol (+251% and +181%), lactate (+203% and +188%), β-hydroxybutyrate (+176% and +618%) and choline (+148% and +120%), in 19AL and 19 CR rats, respectively. However, brain metabolites did not differ between the 19AL and 19CR groups. Cortex fatty acid profiles showed that n-3 PUFA were 35–47% lower but monounsaturated fatty acids were 40–52% higher in 19AL and 19CR rats compared to 2AL rats. Brain microvessel glucose transporter (GLUT1) was 68% higher in 19AL rats than in 2AL rats, while the monocarboxylate transporter, MCT1, was 61% lower in 19CR rats compared to 19AL rats. We conclude that on a high-sucrose, low n-3 PUFA diet, the brain of aged AL rats had higher metabolites and microvessel GLUT1 expression compared to 2AL rats. However, long-term CR in aged rats did not markedly change brain metabolite or fatty acid profile, but did reduce brain microvessel MCT1 expression. 相似文献
45.
Importance of tree height and social position for drought-related stress on tree growth and mortality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rüdiger Grote Arthur Gessler Robert Hommel Werner Poschenrieder Eckart Priesack 《Trees - Structure and Function》2016,30(5):1467-1482
Key message
A higher mortality of dominant trees under drought stress is explained by impacts of tree size, canopy- and root structure and the hydraulic transport system.Abstract
Drought stress can trigger tree mortality but the impact depends on stress intensity (water demand and availability) and on the vulnerability of the individual. Therefore, most research focusses on the species-specific properties such as water use efficiency or hydraulic conductivity that determine vulnerability. At the ecosystem scale, however, tree properties that have been found important for drought sensitivity or resistance vary with individual size and resource availability within a forest—also within the same species. This is caused by different environmental conditions for each tree and hence different growth histories of individuals generating specific anatomical and physiological features. Individual drought stress sensitivity might thus be considerably different from stand scale sensitivity. Indeed, empirical evidence shows that drought stress impact depends on tree social position which can be defined in degrees of suppression but correlated to resource availability, stress sensitivity and stress exposure. In this review, we collect such evidence and discuss the role of microclimate and soil water distribution as well as anatomical and physiological adjustments, which might serve as foundation for better-adapted management strategies to mitigate drought stress impacts. Finally, we define model requirements aiming to capture stand-scale drought responses or management impacts related to drought stress mitigation.46.
47.
Ernest S Guadagnini S Prévost MC Soussi-Yanicostas N 《Gene expression patterns : GEP》2007,7(3):274-281
Anosmin-1, encoded by the KAL-1 gene, is the protein defective in the X-linked form of Kallmann syndrome. This human developmental disorder is characterized by defects in cell migration and axon target selection. Anosmin-1 is an extracellular matrix protein that plays a role, in vitro, in processes such as cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, axon guidance, and axon branching. The zebrafish possesses two orthologues of the KAL-1 gene: kal1a and kal1b, which encode anosmin-1a and anosmin-1b, respectively. Previous in situ hybridization studies have shown that kal1a and kal1b mRNAs are expressed in undetermined cells of the inner ear but not in neuromast cells. Using specific antibodies against anosmin-1a and anosmin-1b, we report here that both proteins are expressed in sensory hair cells of the inner ear cristae ampullaris and the lateral line neuromasts. Accumulation of these proteins was observed mainly at the level of the hair bundle and also at the cell membrane. In neuromast hair cells, immunogold scanning electronmicroscopy demonstrated that anosmin-1a and anosmin-1b were present at the surface of the stereociliary bundle. In addition, anosmin-1a, but not anosmin-1b, was detected on the track of the ampullary nerve. This is the first report of anosmin-1 expression in sensory hair cells of the inner ear and lateral line, and along the ampullary nerve track. 相似文献
48.
Sourisseau M Schilte C Casartelli N Trouillet C Guivel-Benhassine F Rudnicka D Sol-Foulon N Le Roux K Prevost MC Fsihi H Frenkiel MP Blanchet F Afonso PV Ceccaldi PE Ozden S Gessain A Schuffenecker I Verhasselt B Zamborlini A Saïb A Rey FA Arenzana-Seisdedos F Desprès P Michault A Albert ML Schwartz O 《PLoS pathogens》2007,3(6):e89
An unprecedented epidemic of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection recently started in countries of the Indian Ocean area, causing an acute and painful syndrome with strong fever, asthenia, skin rash, polyarthritis, and lethal cases of encephalitis. The basis for chikungunya disease and the tropism of CHIKV remain unknown. Here, we describe the replication characteristics of recent clinical CHIKV strains. Human epithelial and endothelial cells, primary fibroblasts and, to a lesser extent, monocyte-derived macrophages, were susceptible to infection and allowed viral production. In contrast, CHIKV did not replicate in lymphoid and monocytoid cell lines, primary lymphocytes and monocytes, or monocyte-derived dendritic cells. CHIKV replication was cytopathic and associated with an induction of apoptosis in infected cells. Chloroquine, bafilomycin-A1, and short hairpin RNAs against dynamin-2 inhibited viral production, indicating that viral entry occurs through pH-dependent endocytosis. CHIKV was highly sensitive to the antiviral activity of type I and II interferons. These results provide a general insight into the interaction between CHIKV and its mammalian host. 相似文献
49.
Claudio Dalvit Sylvain Cottens Paul Ramage Ulrich Hommel 《Journal of biomolecular NMR》1999,13(1):43-50
A novel variant of the 13C/15N 2 half-filter experiment is reported for studying the hydration of an unlabelled ligand bound to a 15N and 13C uniformly labelled biological macromolecule. This doubly tuned filter experiment represents a powerful tool for obtaining resonance assignments, structure determination and hydration properties of a ligand. Its application to the binary complex formed by the inserted-domain (I-domain) of the leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with a ligand reveals the presence of H2O molecules at the binding interface. 相似文献
50.
This article outlines recent advances in explaining hereditary deafness in molecular terms, focusing on isolated (i.e. nonsyndromic) hearing loss. The number of genes identified (36 to date) is growing rapidly. However, difficulties inherent in genetic linkage analysis, coupled with the possible involvement of environmental causes, have so far prevented the characterization of the main genes causative or predisposing to the late-onset forms of deafness. 相似文献