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61.
Metastable tolerance to rhesus monkey renal transplants is correlated with allograft TGF-beta 1+CD4+ T regulatory cell infiltrates 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Torrealba JR Katayama M Fechner JH Jankowska-Gan E Kusaka S Xu Q Schultz JM Oberley TD Hu H Hamawy MM Jonker M Wubben J Doxiadis G Bontrop R Burlingham WJ Knechtle SJ 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2004,172(9):5753-5764
Approaches that prevent acute rejection of renal transplants in a rhesus monkey model were studied to determine a common mechanism of acceptance. After withdrawal of immunosuppression, all 14 monkeys retained normal allograft function for >6 mo. Of these, nine rejected their renal allograft during the study, and five maintained normal function throughout the study period. The appearance of TGF-beta 1(+) interstitial mononuclear cells in the graft coincided with a nonrejection histology, whereas the absence/disappearance of these cells was observed with the onset of rejection. Analysis with a variety of TGF-beta 1-reactive Abs indicated that the tolerance-associated infiltrates expressed the large latent complex form of TGF-beta 1. Peripheral leukocytes from rejecting monkeys lacking TGF-beta 1(+) allograft infiltrates responded strongly to donor Ags in delayed-type hypersensitivity trans-vivo assays. In contrast, allograft acceptors with TGF-beta 1(+) infiltrates demonstrated a much weaker peripheral delayed-type hypersensitivity response to donor alloantigens (p < 0.01 vs rejectors), which could be restored by Abs that either neutralized active TGF-beta 1 or blocked its conversion from latent to active form. Anti-IL-10 Abs had no restorative effect. Accepted allografts had CD8(+) and CD4(+) interstitial T cell infiltrates, but only the CD4(+) subset included cells costaining for TGF-beta 1. Our data support the hypothesis that the recruitment of CD4(+) T regulatory cells to the allograft interstitium is a final common pathway for metastable renal transplant tolerance in a non-human primate model. 相似文献
62.
Phenotypic and genotypic comparisons of CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 biological clones isolated from subtype C-infected individuals 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Pollakis G Abebe A Kliphuis A Chalaby MI Bakker M Mengistu Y Brouwer M Goudsmit J Schuitemaker H Paxton WA 《Journal of virology》2004,78(6):2841-2852
Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C infrequently harbour X4 viruses. We studied R5 and X4 biological clones generated from HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals. All subtype C R5 viruses demonstrated slower profiles of replication on CD4+ lymphocytes in comparison to subtype B viruses, whereas subtype C X4 viruses replicated with comparable efficiency to subtype B X4 viruses. No differences were identified in CC or CXC chemokine inhibitions (RANTES and SDF-1α, respectively) between subtype C and subtype B viruses. Immature dendritic cells were shown in coculture experiments to similarly enhance the infection of subtype C and subtype B R5 as well as X4 viruses. By amino acid sequence analysis, we showed that the R5 and X4 subtype C gp120 envelope gene alterations were similar to those for a switching subtype B virus, specifically with respect to the V3 charge and envelope N-linked glycosylation patterns. By phylogenetic analysis, we showed that one patient was infected with HIV-1 C′ and the other was infected with HIV-1 C" and that one of the patients harbored a virus that was a recombinant in the gp120 env gene between an R5 and an X4 virus, with the resultant virus being R5. No differences were identified between the long terminal repeat regions of the subtype C R5 and X4 biological clones. These results indicate that even though R5 subtype C viruses are restrictive for virus replication, the R5-to-X4 phenotype switch can occur and does so in a manner similar to that of subtype B viruses. 相似文献
63.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Rapid leaf area expansion is a desirable trait in the early growth stages of cereal crops grown in low-rainfall areas. In this study, the traits associated with inherent variation in early leaf area expansion rates have been investigated in two wheat species (Triticum aestivum and T. durum) and three of its wild relatives (Aegilops umbellulata, A. caudata and A. tauschii) to find out whether the Aegilops species have a faster leaf area expansion in their early developmental stage than some of the current wheat species. METHODS: Growth of individual leaves, biomass allocation, and gas exchange were measured on hydroponically grown plants for 4 weeks. KEY RESULTS: Leaf elongation rate (LER) was strongly and positively correlated with leaf width but not with leaf elongation duration (LED). The species with more rapidly elongating leaves showed a faster increase with leaf position in LER, leaf width and leaf area, higher relative leaf area expansion rates, and more biomass allocation to leaf sheaths and less to roots. No differences in leaf appearance rate were found amongst the species. CONCLUSIONS: Aegilops tauschii was the only wild species with rapid leaf expansion rates similar to those of wheat, and it achieved the highest photosynthetic rates, making it an interesting species for further study. 相似文献
64.
Hastings Ozwara Henk Niphuis Leo Buijs Margreet Jonker Jon L. Heeney Charanjit S. Bambra Alan W. Thomas Jan A.M. Langermans 《Journal of medical primatology》1997,26(3):164-171
Abstract: There are relatively few monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that have been characterized for their applicability in studies on the immune system of various nonhuman primates. In the present study, we identified a large number of mAb that can be used in future immunological studies in three different nonhuman primates, i.e., chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, and squirrel monkeys. The reactivity of 161 anti-human mAb to T-cell antigens and cytokine receptors were tested on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the three primate species by flow cytometric analysis. A total of 105 (65%), 73 (45%), and 68 (42%) antibodies reacted with PBMC from chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, and squirrel monkeys, respectively. Out of the 161 mAb, 38 reacted with all three species and 112 reacted with one or two of the species. No specific reaction was observed with mAb to receptors to GM-CSF, 4–1BB, FLT3, FLX2, common β-chain, IL-1 (type I receptor), and IL-8. 相似文献
65.
In EXOG‐depleted cardiomyocytes cell death is marked by a decreased mitochondrial reserve capacity of the electron transport chain
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Wardit Tigchelaar Anne Margreet De Jong Wiek H. van Gilst Rudolf A. De Boer Herman H. W. Silljé 《BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology》2016,38(Z1):S136-S145
Depletion of mitochondrial endo/exonuclease G‐like (EXOG) in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes stimulates mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and induces hypertrophy via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that neurohormonal stress triggers cell death in endo/exonuclease G‐like‐depleted cells, and this is marked by a decrease in mitochondrial reserve capacity. Neurohormonal stimulation with phenylephrine (PE) did not have an additive effect on the hypertrophic response induced by endo/exonuclease G‐like depletion. Interestingly, PE‐induced atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene expression was completely abolished in endo/exonuclease G‐like‐depleted cells, suggesting a reverse signaling function of endo/exonuclease G‐like. Endo/exonuclease G‐like depletion initially resulted in increased mitochondrial OCR, but this declined upon PE stimulation. In particular, the reserve capacity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and maximal respiration were the first indicators of perturbations in mitochondrial respiration, and these marked the subsequent decline in mitochondrial function. Although pathological stimulation accelerated these processes, prolonged EXOG depletion also resulted in a decline in mitochondrial function. At early stages of endo/exonuclease G‐like depletion, mitochondrial ROS production was increased, but this did not affect mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity. After prolonged depletion, ROS levels returned to control values, despite hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondrial dysfunction finally resulted in cell death, which appears to be mainly a form of necrosis. In conclusion, endo/exonuclease G‐like plays an essential role in cardiomyocyte physiology. Loss of endo/exonuclease G‐like results in diminished adaptation to pathological stress. The decline in maximal respiration and reserve capacity is the first sign of mitochondrial dysfunction that determines subsequent cell death. 相似文献
66.
Anouk Wezel Margreet R. de Vries H. Maxime Lagraauw Amanda C. Foks Johan Kuiper Paul H.A. Quax Ilze Bot 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2014,18(10):2020-2030
Complement factor C5a and its receptor C5aR are expressed in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques; however, a causal relation between C5a and plaque rupture has not been established yet. Accelerated atherosclerosis was induced by placing vein grafts in male apoE?/? mice. After 24 days, when advanced plaques had developed, C5a or PBS was applied locally at the lesion site in a pluronic gel. Three days later mice were killed to examine the acute effect of C5a on late stage atherosclerosis. A significant increase in C5aR in the plaque was detectable in mice treated with C5a. Lesion size and plaque morphology did not differ between treatment groups, but interestingly, local treatment with C5a resulted in a striking increase in the amount of plaque disruptions with concomitant intraplaque haemorrhage. To identify the potential underlying mechanisms, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells were treated in vitro with C5a. Both cell types revealed a marked increase in apoptosis after stimulation with C5a, which may contribute to lesion instability in vivo. Indeed, apoptosis within the plaque was seen to be significantly increased after C5a treatment. We here demonstrate a causal role for C5a in atherosclerotic plaque disruptions, probably by inducing apoptosis. Therefore, intervention in complement factor C5a signalling may be a promising target in the prevention of acute atherosclerotic complications. 相似文献
67.
Marion Cornelissen Fokla Zorgdrager Petra Blom Suzanne Jurriaans Sjoerd Repping Elisabeth van Leeuwen Margreet Bakker Ben Berkhout Antoinette C. van der Kuyl 《PloS one》2010,5(8)
Background
Xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is a recently discovered human gammaretrovirus with yet unknown prevalence and transmission route(s). Its presence in prostate stromal fibroblasts and prostatic secretions suggests that XMRV might be sexually transmitted. We chose to study a compartment closely connected to the prostate, a location where XMRV was detected in independent studies. Seminal plasma samples from HIV-1 infected men were examined as they have an increased probability of acquiring sexually transmitted pathogens.Methodology/Principal Findings
We studied the prevalence of XMRV in 93 seminal plasma samples of 54 HIV-1 infected men living in The Netherlands with a nested PCR amplification specifically targeting the XMRV gag gene. As a control for the presence and integrity of retrovirus particles, HIV-1 was amplified from the same samples with a PCR amplification targeting the env gene of the virus, or HIV-1 was quantified with a real-time PCR amplifying part of the pol gene.Conclusions/Significance
Although HIV-1 was amplified from 25% of the seminal plasma samples, no XMRV was detected, suggesting that either the prevalence of XMRV is very low in The Netherlands, or that XMRV is not naturally present in the seminal plasma. 相似文献68.
Choudhurry RS Melles DC Eadie K Vos M Wertheim HF Verbrugh HA van Belkum A van Leeuwen WB 《Journal of microbiological methods》2006,65(2):354-356
The Lightcycler Staphylococcus kit is a diagnostic tool for direct real-time detection of Staphylococcus aureus in clinical materials. We show here that detection of S. aureus nasal carriage using this test is hampered by competition of DNA from coagulase-negative staphylococci. However the test is well suited for species identification after culture and the identification of high-load S. aureus carriers. 相似文献
69.
Janne C. de Ruyter Martijn B. Katan Lothar D. J. Kuijper Djin G. Liem Margreet R. Olthof 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Background
Substituting sugar-free for sugar-sweetened beverages reduces weight gain. A possible explanation is that sugar-containing and sugar-free beverages cause the same degree of satiety. However, this has not been tested in long-term trials.Methods
We randomized 203 children aged 7-11 years to receive 250 mL per day of an artificially sweetened sugar-free beverage or a similarly looking and tasting sugar-sweetened beverage. We measured satiety on a 5-point scale by questionnaire at 0, 6, 12 and 18 months. We calculated the change in satiety from before intake to 1 minute after intake and 15 minutes after intake. We then calculated the odds ratio that satiety increased by 1 point in the sugar-group versus the sugar-free group. We also investigated how much the children liked and wanted the beverages.Results
146 children or 72% completed the study. We found no statistically significant difference in satiety between the sugar-free and sugar-sweetened group; the adjusted odds ratio for a 1 point increase in satiety in the sugar group versus the sugar-free group was 0.77 at 1 minute (95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 1.29), and 1.44 at 15 minutes after intake (95% CI, 0.86 to 2.40). The sugar-group liked and wanted their beverage slightly more than the sugar-free group, adjusted odds ratio 1.63 (95% CI 1.05 to 2.54) and 1.65 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.55), respectively.Conclusions
Sugar-sweetened and sugar-free beverages produced similar satiety. Therefore when children are given sugar-free instead of sugar-containing drinks they might not make up the missing calories from other sources. This may explain our previous observation that children in the sugar-free group accumulated less body fat than those in the sugar group.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00893529 http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00893529 相似文献70.
Stax MJ Kootstra NA van 't Wout AB Tanck MW Bakker M Pollakis G Paxton WA 《PloS one》2012,7(3):e32534