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131.
Andrzej Tretyn Richard E. Kendrick Margreet E. Bossen Willem J. Vredenberg 《Planta》1990,182(4):473-479
Etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mesophyll protoplasts swell within 30 min in darkness after a red light (R) pulse or addition of acetylcholine (ACh),
if 0.5 mM CaCl2 is present in the medium. In addition, ACh is also able to induce swelling in the presence of both 0.1 mM KCl or NaCl. Besides
ACh, only carbamylcholine out of the choline derivatives tested was active in induction of swelling in the presence of K+ or Na+. The K+/Na+-dependent ACh-induced protoplast swelling was nullified by a ‘calmodulin inhibitor’, but not by Ca2+-channel blockers, Li+ or VO
4
3-
. The antagonists atropine (of muscarine-sensitive ACh receptors, mAChRs) andd-tubocurarine (of nicotine-sensitive ACh receptors, nAChRs) nullified the Ca2+ — and the K+/Na+-dependent protoplast swelling responses, respectively, while having no effect on the Ca2+-dependent R-induced swelling response. Moreover, muscarine and nicotine mimicked ACh in the Ca2+- and K+/Na+-dependent swelling responses respectively. Just as is the case in animal cells, the proposed mAChRs appear to be associated
with a phosphatidylinositol-dependent pathway, whereas the proposed nAChRs are phosphatidylinositol independent. Similarity
between the action of ACh via the proposed mChRs and R via phytochrome in protoplast swelling indicates they share in common
signal-transduction pathway.
We dedicate this paper to Hans Mohr on the occasion of his 60th birthday
We thank the Department of Molecular Biology of the Agricultural University, Wageningen for the use of the photomicroscope
and Dr. G. Fassina, Department of Pharmacology, University of Padua, Italy for the gift of nifedipine. These studies were
supported by The Foundation for Fundamental Biological Research (BION) which is subsidized by The Netherlands Organization
for the Advancement of Research (NWO). A.T. was also supported by: a Research Fellowship from the Agricultural University,
Wageningen; a Visitors Fellowship from NWO, the Netherlands; RP II 12.15 from Ministry of Education, Poland. 相似文献
132.
133.
Durk Fekkes Ellen Van Overmeeren-Kaptein Roel Docter Georg Hennemann Theo J. Visser 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》1979,587(1):12-19
The iodothyronine-deiodinating enzymes (iodothyronine-5- and 5′-deiodinase) of rat liver were found to be located in the parenchymal cells. Differential centrifugation of rat liver homogenate revealed that the deiodinases resided mainly in the microsomal fraction. The subcellular distribution pattern of these enzymes correlated best with glucose-6-phosphatase, a marker enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum. Plasma membranes, prepared by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation, were found to contain very little deiodinating activity. Analysis of fractions obtained during the course of plasma membrane isolation showed that the deiodinases correlated positively with glucose-6-phosphates (r >/ 0.98) and negatively with the plasma membrane marker 5′-nucleotidase (r ranging between ?0.88 and ?0.97). It is concluded that the iodothyronine-deiodinating enzymes of rat liver are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. 相似文献
134.
Individuals of many species differ consistently in their behavioralreaction to mild novel challenges. Suites of these behaviorsare referred to as behavioral syndromes or personalities. Personalitytraits are often phenotypically and genetically correlated.Therefore, animal personalities are generally considered asbroad characteristics, with one underlying genetical and physiologicalmechanism that is expressed across situations and contexts.Because there are carryover effects between situations, animalsare not entirely flexible in their behavior in each situation.This may cause behaviors to seem nonadaptive in isolated situations.To test whether individuals with different personalities couldreact differently to changes in their environment, we studiedcontext dependence of personalities in the great tit (Parusmajor). We tested birds categorized as either fast or slow explorersfor their latency to come back to a feeding table after a mildstartle (risk-taking behavior) in a nonsocial followed by asocial context. We found that the relation between exploratorybehavior and risk-taking behavior depended on the social context.Females in general returned later in the social test, whilemale reaction to the presence of a conspecific was dependenton their behavioral type. Slow males thereby reacted to thebehavior of the companion and fast males did not. These resultsshow that although personalities have a rigid structure therelation between personality traits is context dependent. Theseresults are discussed in the perspective of the adaptive significanceand maintenance of personalities. 相似文献