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61.
Improved white spruce (Picea glauca) genome assemblies and annotation of large gene families of conifer terpenoid and phenolic defense metabolism
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René L. Warren Christopher I. Keeling Macaire Man Saint Yuen Anthony Raymond Greg A. Taylor Benjamin P. Vandervalk Hamid Mohamadi Daniel Paulino Readman Chiu Shaun D. Jackman Gordon Robertson Chen Yang Brian Boyle Margarete Hoffmann Detlef Weigel David R. Nelson Carol Ritland Nathalie Isabel Barry Jaquish Alvin Yanchuk Jean Bousquet Steven J. M. Jones John MacKay Inanc Birol Joerg Bohlmann 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2015,83(2):189-212
62.
Vivian Flinte Ethel Hentz Barbara Mascarenhas Morgado Anne Caruliny do Monte Lima Gabriel Khattar Ricardo Ferreira Monteiro Margarete Valverde de Macedo 《ZooKeys》2015,(547):119-132
The population phenology of the cassidines, Coptocycla
arcuata and Omaspides
trichroa, and the chrysomeline, Platyphora
axillaris, was studied at Serra dos Órgãos National Park, State of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil. Monthly surveys of larvae and adults were conducted between 2008 and 2011 at approximately 1000 m altitude on their respective host plants, Cordia
polycephala (Boraginaceae), Ipomoea
philomega (Convolvulaceae) and Solanum
scuticum (Solanaceae). This is the first observation of larviparity and host record for Platyphora
axillaris. Although having different life history traits, all species showed similar phenologies. They were abundant from October to March, months of high temperatures and intense rainfall, with two distinct reproductive peaks in the same season. Abundance dropped abruptly during the coldest and driest months, from May to August. Frequently none of these species were recorded during June and July. This phenological pattern is similar to other Chrysomelidae living in subtropical areas of Brazil. Temperature and rainfall appear to be the major factors influencing the fluctuation of these three species. 相似文献
63.
Luís Eduardo Fernandes Rodrigues da Conceição Margarete Alice Fontes Saraiva Raphael Hermano Santos Diniz Juliana Oliveira Gustavo Dimas Barbosa Florencia Alvarez Lygia Fátima da Mata Correa Hygor Mezadri Mauricio Xavier Coutrim Robson José de Cássia Franco Afonso Candida Lucas Ieso Miranda Castro Rogelio Lopes Brandão 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2015,42(2):237-246
64.
Tatiane Klingelfus Paula Moiana da Costa Marcos Scherer Marta Margarete Cestari 《Genetics and molecular biology》2015,38(4):499-506
Even though aluminum is the third most common element present in the earth''s crust,
information regarding its toxicity remains scarce. It is known that in certain cases,
aluminum is neurotoxic, but its effect in other tissues is unknown. The aim of this
work was to analyze the genotoxic potential of aluminum sulfate in kidney tissue of
the fish Rhamdia quelen after trophic contamination for 60 days.
Sixty four fish were subdivided into the following groups: negative control, 5 mg, 50
mg and 500 mg of aluminum sulfate per kg of fish. Samples of the posterior kidney
were taken and prepared to obtain mitotic metaphase, as well as the comet assay. The
three types of chromosomal abnormalities (CA) found were categorized as chromatid
breaks, decondensation of telomeric region, and early separation of sister
chromatids. The tests for CA showed that the 5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg doses of aluminum
sulfate had genotoxic potential. Under these treatments, early separation of the
sister chromatids was observed more frequently and decondensation of the telomeric
region tended to increase in frequency. We suggest that structural changes in the
proteins involved in DNA compaction may have led to the decondensation of the
telomeric region, making the DNA susceptible to breaks. Moreover, early separation of
the sister chromatids may have occurred due to changes in the mobility of chromosomes
or proteins that keep the sister chromatids together. The comet assay confirmed the
genotoxicity of aluminum sulfate in the kidney tissue of Rhamdia
quelen at the three doses of exposure. 相似文献
65.
The cell wall binding domains (CBD) of bacteriophage endolysins target the enzymes to their substrate in the bacterial peptidoglycan with extraordinary specificity. Despite strong interest in these enzymes as novel antimicrobials, little is known regarding their interaction with the bacterial wall and their binding ligands. We investigated the interaction of Listeria phage endolysin PlyP35 with carbohydrate residues present in the teichoic acid polymers on the peptidoglycan. Biochemical and genetic analyses revealed that CBD of PlyP35 specifically recognizes the N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue at position C4 of the polyribitol-phosphate subunits. Binding of CBDP35 could be prevented by removal of wall teichoic acid (WTA) polymers from cell walls, and inhibited by addition of purified WTAs or acetylated saccharides. We show that Listeria monocytogenes genes lmo2549 and lmo2550 are required for decoration of WTAs with GlcNAc. Inactivation of either gene resulted in a lack of GlcNAc glycosylation, and the mutants failed to bind CBDP35. We also report that the GlcNAc-deficient phenotype of L. monocytogenes strain WSLC 1442 is due to a small deletion in lmo2550, resulting in synthesis of a truncated gene product responsible for the glycosylation defect. Complementation with lmo2550 completely restored display of characteristic serovar 1/2 specific WTA and the wild-type phenotype. 相似文献
66.
The idea that most morphological adaptations can be attributed to changes in the cis-regulation of gene expression levels has been gaining increasing acceptance, despite the fact that only a handful of such cases have so far been demonstrated. Moreover, because each of these cases involves only one gene, we lack any understanding of how natural selection may act on cis-regulation across entire pathways or networks. Here we apply a genome-wide test for selection on cis-regulation to two subspecies of the mouse Mus musculus. We find evidence for lineage-specific selection at over 100 genes involved in diverse processes such as growth, locomotion, and memory. These gene sets implicate candidate genes that are supported by both quantitative trait loci and a validated causality-testing framework, and they predict a number of phenotypic differences, which we confirm in all four cases tested. Our results suggest that gene expression adaptation is widespread and that these adaptations can be highly polygenic, involving cis-regulatory changes at numerous functionally related genes. These coordinated adaptations may contribute to divergence in a wide range of morphological, physiological, and behavioral phenotypes. 相似文献
67.
Nikola Cesarovic Paulin Jirkof Andreas Rettich Margarete Arras 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2011,(57)
The laboratory mouse is the animal species of choice for most biomedical research, in both the academic sphere and the pharmaceutical industry. Mice are a manageable size and relatively easy to house. These factors, together with the availability of a wealth of spontaneous and experimentally induced mutants, make laboratory mice ideally suited to a wide variety of research areas.In cardiovascular, pharmacological and toxicological research, accurate measurement of parameters relating to the circulatory system of laboratory animals is often required. Determination of heart rate, heart rate variability, and duration of PQ and QT intervals are based on electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. However, obtaining reliable ECG curves as well as physiological data such as core body temperature in mice can be difficult using conventional measurement techniques, which require connecting sensors and lead wires to a restrained, tethered, or even anaesthetized animal. Data obtained in this fashion must be interpreted with caution, as it is well known that restraining and anesthesia can have a major artifactual influence on physiological parameters1, 2.Radiotelemetry enables data to be collected from conscious and untethered animals. Measurements can be conducted even in freely moving animals, and without requiring the investigator to be in the proximity of the animal. Thus, known sources of artifacts are avoided, and accurate and reliable measurements are assured. This methodology also reduces interanimal variability, thus reducing the number of animals used, rendering this technology the most humane method of monitoring physiological parameters in laboratory animals3, 4. Constant advancements in data acquisition technology and implant miniaturization mean that it is now possible to record physiological parameters and locomotor activity continuously and in realtime over longer periods such as hours, days or even weeks3, 5.Here, we describe a surgical technique for implantation of a commercially available telemetry transmitter used for continuous measurements of core body temperature, locomotor activity and biopotential (i.e. onelead ECG), from which heart rate, heart rate variability, and PQ and QT intervals can be established in freeroaming, untethered mice. We also present pre-operative procedures and protocols for post-operative intensive care and pain treatment that improve recovery, well-being and survival rates in implanted mice5, 6. 相似文献
68.
Ranzinger J Rustom A Abel M Leyh J Kihm L Witkowski M Scheurich P Zeier M Schwenger V 《PloS one》2011,6(12):e29537
A well-known role of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), the resident cells of the peritoneal cavity, is the generation of an immune response during peritonitis by activation of T-cells via antigen presentation. Recent findings have shown that intercellular nanotubes (NTs) mediate functional connectivity between various cell types including immune cells - such as T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells or macrophages - by facilitating a spectrum of long range cell-cell interactions. Although of medical interest, the relevance of NT-related findings for human medical conditions and treatment, e.g. in relation to inflammatory processes, remains elusive, particularly due to a lack of appropriate in vivo data. Here, we show for the first time that primary cultures of patient derived HPMCs are functionally connected via membranous nanotubes. NT formation appears to be actin cytoskeleton dependent, mediated by the action of filopodia. Importantly, significant variances in NT numbers between different donors as a consequence of pathophysiological alterations were observable. Furthermore, we show that TNF-α induces nanotube formation and demonstrate a strong correlation of NT connectivity in accordance with the cellular cholesterol level and distribution, pointing to a complex involvement of NTs in inflammatory processes with potential impact for clinical treatment. 相似文献
69.
Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium Austin JD Bertin A Bórquez JP Cárdenas L Cardoza TB Chapman F De Sousa AC De Souza AP Douglas KC Ellwood SR Ferriol M Garmendia A Gouin N Hargrove J Jasti M Keränen I Knott KE Konec M Kuitunen K Lima MP Linde CC Merle H Oliva ME Pérez M Saarinen E Samollow PB Scarpassa VM Segura I Smith L Trontelj P Valdivia IM Wallwork H Wellenreuther M 《Molecular ecology resources》2011,11(4):757-758
This article documents the addition of 111 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, Anopheles nuneztovari sensu lato, Asellus aquaticus, Calopteryx splendens, Calopteryx virgo, Centaurea aspera, Centaurea seridis, Chilina dombeyana, Proctoeces cf. lintoni and Pyrenophora teres f. teres. 相似文献
70.
Rizzatti-Barbosa CM Ribeiro MC Silva-Concilio LR Di Hipolito O Ambrosano GM 《Gerodontology》2005,22(2):112-115
Background: Elongation and calcification of the stylohyoid ligament complex may be correlated with Eagle's syndrome. The styloid complex pathogenesis is still being debated. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of stylohyoid ligament complex elongation in panoramic radiographs of 2252 patients in a Brazilian adult, partially edentulous population, of both sexes. Methods: The radiographs, taken in the Semiology Department at the Dental School in Brazil, were randomly selected from January 1997 to December 2000. The stylohyoid ligament complexes were measured from the cranial base up to the osseous tip of each process. Mineralisation of the complex of more than 25 mm in length on the radiograph was considered to be abnormal. The same operator made all the measurements. The lengths of the areas of mineralisation were recorded, and whether the condition was bilateral was noted. Results: This abnormality was present in both sexes. A calcified complex was found in 451 of the 2252 patients. The majority of these calcified complexes (n = 248; 54.9%) were bilateral. Three hundred and fifty‐six (39.5%) of them were longer than 25 mm (and so were abnormal), and the length varied from 26.1 to 65 mm. (average length = 27.8 mm). Forty (4.4%) of the abnormalities were longer than 50 mm, and of these 36 (90%) were in the 40–59 year age group. The mean length of a mineralised stylohyoid ligament complex in patients in the 60–79 year age group was 32.75 mm. Conclusion: The results suggested that an anatomical variant of the stylohyoid ligament complex was more frequently found in the elderly female population, although this abnormality was present in both sexes. There was a greater tendency for the abnormality to be present in patients between 60 and 79 years of age. 相似文献