Spores of microorganisms XVI

The heat inactivation of spores ofBacillus cereus irradiated and non-irradiated with X-rays was investigated with respect to their dipicolinic acid (DPA) content. Spores with a high DPA content (98 μg./mg. dry weight) displayed a biphasic heat inactivation curve. This biphasic character of the curve was preserved for the heat inactivation of previously irradiated spores even if the length of the initial lag of inactivation rate was reduced. Spores with a lower DPA content (24 μg./mg. dry weight) display a single-phase logarithmic order of dying from the beginning of heating. In both types of spores differing in the DPA content a pronounced sensitization of radiation-surviving spores toward subsequent heating was observed.     

Enzymes of the jejunal enterochromaffine cells in man

Summary A study of enzymatic equipment of enterochromaffine cells (e.c.) in jenual biopsies obtained with a Crosby capsule in normal humans and patients with nontropical sprue was undertaken. The following enzymes were demonstrated: alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase (cell membrane), acid phosphatase (corpuscular), non-specific esterase (diffuse and corpuscular, predominantly eserine resistant, in corpuscular localization E 600 resistant), DPN- and TPN-diaphorases and dehydrogenases of lactic acid, malic acid, isocitric acid, glucoso-6-phosphoric acid, succinic acid, -hydroxybutyric acid and -glycerophosphoric acid. Enzyme activities were not equal in all cells suggesting some type of secretory cycle. In most patients with untreated nontropical sprue or with the disease in relapse e.c. were more numerous and hypertrophic with elevated activities of non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase. Implications of these results are briefly discussed.With 8 Figures in the Text, of which 2 in Colour     

Heterogeneous production of laccase by mycelium of white-rot fungi

Mycelium of white-rot fungi secretes laccase into the medium. It was found by cultivation on malt-agar plates that the mycelium does not produce laccase equally in all its parts. The youngest hyphae at the margins of the colony represent usually the maximum producers, whereas older hyphae produce less or none at all. An exception here isCollybia velutipes which is the weakest producer of laccase of all the fungi studied and where only the older hyphae begin to secrete it. Manometric estimation of laccase showed that maximum specific activity of laccase is achieved at the boundary between the phases of initial and linear growth and i₁₁ some cases during the first half of linear growth. Ageing of the mycelium characterized by certain changes in its metabolism is reflected in changes of enzyme production by fungal hypha of different age.     

Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Selektivitätsmechanismus von Pyrazon

Ve snaze identifikovat fyziologické pochody rozhodující o selektivní toxicitě pyrazonu (1-fenyl-4-amino-5-chorpyridazon-6) jsme sledovali jeho vliv na hlavní enzymové systémy ?ídící dýchání ko?en?. Zatímco jsme u ko?en? zeSinapis alba zjistili úplnou inaktivaci dehydrogenázy kyseliny jantarové—u ko?en? cukrovky je stejný enzym stimulován.     

Flechtensystematische Studien IV. Die GattungGyalidea Lett

Im Artikel wird die ursprüngliche Gattungsdiagnose derGyalidea Lett. um die Merkmale der Pilzkomponente ergänzt. Die angenommenen verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen derGyalidea zu der FamilieAsterothyriaceae werden diskutiert. Alle bisher festgestellten Arten mit Übersichten der revidierten Proben werden kurz beschrieben. Neue Taxa und Kombinationen:Gyalidea dodgei spec. n.,G. epiphylla spec. n.,G. mayaguezensis spec. n.,G. portoricensis spec. n.,G. fritzei (Stein) comb. n.,G. fritzei var.rivularis (Eitn.) comb. n.,G. hyalinescens (Nyl.) comb. n.,G. lecideopsis var.convarians (Nyl.) comb. n.,G. lecideopsis var.stigmatoides (Nyl.) comb. n.,G. mexicana (B. de Lesd.) comb. n. undG. subscutellaris (Vězda) comb. n.     

Metabolites ofStreptomyces noursei

Было установлено, что актиномицет Str. noursei образует амиды некоторых разветвленных алифатических кислот: изобутирамид, метилэтилацетамид, изовалерамид, а, вероятно, и более сложные гомологи, как изокапронамид, изоэнантамид и 4-метилкапронамид. Обсуждается биогенез этих веществ.     

Factors affecting the accuracy of chlorophylla andb determination by means of their paper chromatographic separation and colorimetric measurement in eluates

Quantitative determination of chlorophyll a and β can be made by paper chromatography of acetone extracts of plant material with colorimetric measurement of the eluates from the separated zones. From the suitable solvent systems which give adequate separation of the pigments at a distance of 20 cm. from the start,Hager's mixture (1955) separates the chlorophylls better than the toluene-isopropanol (400: 1 v/v.) mixture, which, however, is better for the separation of carotenoids. Twice the amount of chlorophyll is separated on Whatman 31 ET paper, equally well and with the same time of development, as on Whatman No. 3 paper, on which it is possible to separate a maximum of about 15 μg of chlorophyll pigments per 1 em. start length. Losses on elution are, however, higher on using Whatman 31 ET paper. In plants with a high chlorophyllase activity, the error of determining chlorophyll a andb is greatly reduced if the leaves are placed for 1 min. in boiling water before extraction. For elution of chlorophylla andb from paper it is better to use anhydrous acetone, for chlorophyllides 80% acetone. A comparison of the procedure investigated with the method of two-wave length spectrophotometric measurement of crude acetone extracts showed that in view of the average 10% loss, the chromatographic method is hardly suitable for determining the absolute amounts of chlorophylla andb, although the relation (a/b) can be determined with similar precision by both methods. Moreover, in view of the greater amount of work involved the chromatographic method can only be recommended for confirming the results of spectrophotometrie determination. Quantitative determination of chlorophylls from the area of the spot or from the "R_F" value can only be of an informative character.     

Catalase activity in thermal blue-green algae in relation to temperature

Biologia Plantarum - The author has studied the relation of the catalase activity in thermal blue-green algae to temperature. Experimental data were taken from the first phase of the reaction, so...     

Die durch Blattdüngung mit Humusstoffen hervorgerufenen anatomischen und physiologischen Veränderungen der Zuckerrübe

V p?edlo?ené práci je sledován ú?inek humusových látek aplikovaných na listy cukrovky post?ikem. Sou?asně je ově?ována vhodnost kombinace humusových látek s minerálními ?ivinami. Ukazuje se, ?e post?ik humusovými látkami zvlá?tě v kombinaci s minerálními ?ivinami p?íznivě ovlivňuje r?st cukrovky, zvy?uje váhu list? i ko?ene a celkové mno?ství cukru v ko?eni. Ú?inok post?iku humusovými látkami je vět?í u rostlin pěstovaných ve vodní kultu?e a st?íkaných ?ivným roztokem s kompletněj?ím zastoupením minerálních prvk?. Humusové látky p?i aplikaci na list vyvolávají podobné změny v anatomické stavbě pletiv a orgán?, jako p?i jejich aplikaci do ?ivného roztoku ke ko?en?m. Humusové látky zvlá?tě v kombinaci s minerálním roztokem zvy?ují v listech cukrovky mno?ství chlorofylu a zvy?ují intezitu fotosyntézy. Post?ik humusovými látkami zvy?uje sou?asně transpiraci cukrovky.