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51.
We propose a method for predicting splice graphs that enhances curated gene models using evidence from RNA-Seq and EST alignments.
Results obtained using RNA-Seq experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana show that predictions made by our SpliceGrapher method are more consistent with current gene models than predictions made
by TAU and Cufflinks. Furthermore, analysis of plant and human data indicates that the machine learning approach used by SpliceGrapher
is useful for discriminating between real and spurious splice sites, and can improve the reliability of detection of alternative
splicing. SpliceGrapher is available for download at . 相似文献
52.
Sahlholm K Nilsson J Marcellino D Fuxe K Arhem P 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2012,1818(12):3081-3089
Agonist potency at some neurotransmitter receptors has been shown to be regulated by voltage, a mechanism which has been suggested to play a crucial role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release by inhibitory autoreceptors. Likewise, receptor deactivation rates upon agonist removal have been implicated in autoreceptor function. Using G protein-coupled potassium (GIRK) channel activation in Xenopus oocytes as readout of receptor activity, we have investigated the voltage sensitivities and signaling kinetics of the hH(3)(445) and hH(3)(365) isoforms of the human histamine H(3) receptor, which functions as an inhibitory auto- and heteroreceptor in the nervous system. We have also investigated both the human and the mouse homologues of the related histamine H(4) receptor, which is expressed mainly on hematopoietic cells. We found that the hH(3)(445) receptor is the most sensitive to voltage, whereas the hH(3)(365) and H(4) receptors are less affected. We further observed a marked difference in response deactivation kinetics between the hH(3)(445) and hH(3)(365) isoforms, with the hH(3)(365) isoform being five to six-fold slower than the hH(3)(445) receptor. Finally, using synthetic agonists, we found evidence for agonist-specific voltage sensitivity at the hH(4) receptor. The differences in voltage sensitivities and deactivation kinetics between the hH(3)(445), hH(3)(365), and H(4) receptors might be relevant to their respective physiological roles. 相似文献
53.
Janhvi Mishra Rawat Balwant Rawat Aakriti Bhandari Shambhavi Yadav Susmita Mishra Anup Chandra SN Mishra 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2016,38(12):280
The genus Aconitum (consists more than 250 species) is one of the most important clades of highly valued medicinal plants. Aconitum species are very essential in the traditional device of medication and feature excessive business demand in the herbal marketplace. Some of biologically energetic compounds, e.g., aconitine, indaconitine, pseudoacontine, and so on, had been recognized, and new formulations primarily based on those compounds are being produced as rapid rate. This has led to extensive and rather unregulated exploitation of the species in the wild making the genus a threatened group. Conventional breeding and propagation methods have contributed significantly, but these could not meet up with the ever increasing demands of herbal drug industry globally. Biotechnological interventions, therefore, emerge as an alternative approach in terms of higher production and conservation as well. In recent years, several reports have been published on in vitro propagation of various important Aconitum species. However, advanced biotechnological approaches, such as synthetic seed production and hairy root cultures, are still lacking with only a few reports available. The current review presents an updated overview and critical assessment of secondary data concerning the past and recent biotechnological approaches and interventions in genus Aconitum. This review also attempts to provide a detailed account of work explored so far in micropropagation and emphasizes over the areas not attempted yet, which will act as a baseline data as well as valuable information for different stakeholders and researchers working on various aspects of Aconitum biotechnology. 相似文献
54.
de Rezende Ramos A Lüdke Falcão L Salviano Barbosa G Helena Marcellino L Silvano Gander E 《Microbiological research》2007,162(3):238-243
Witches' broom and pod rot are the two most devastating diseases of cocoa in South America and Africa, respectively. Their control by means of phytosanitation and chemical fungicides is labor-intensive, costly and, in many cases, environmentally undesirable. Therefore efforts are made in order to identify alternative, environmentally safe and cost-efficient methods for the control of these pathogens. Promising candidates are components of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica), that have been used for centuries in Asia as insecticides, fungicides, anticonceptionals in popular medicine. Here we report about tests on the effect of various concentrations of extracts from neem leaves on growth of mycelia of Crinipellis and Phytophthora and on germination of spores of Crinipellis. We show a 35% growth reduction of mycelia of Phytophthora on neem leaf extract media, whereas growth of mycelia of Crinipellis was not affected, even at the highest concentration of neem leaf extracts used (35%). However, the most dramatic effect of neem leaf extracts is observed on Crinipellis spore germination, here the extracts (20-35%) reduced germination almost completely. Based on these results, we believe that the neem tree might be a source for the production, on small and medium scale, of an effective and cheap formulation for the control of Crinipellis and Phytophthora. 相似文献
55.
Borroto-Escuela DO Romero-Fernandez W Tarakanov AO Gómez-Soler M Corrales F Marcellino D Narvaez M Frankowska M Flajolet M Heintz N Agnati LF Ciruela F Fuxe K 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2010,402(4):801-807
A single serine point mutation (S374A) in the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) C-terminal tail reduces A2AR-D2R heteromerization and prevents its allosteric modulation of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). By means of site directed mutagenesis of the A2AR and synthetic transmembrane (TM) α-helix peptides of the D2R we further explored the role of electrostatic interactions and TM helix interactions of the A2AR-D2R heteromer interface. We found evidence that the TM domains IV and V of the D2R play a major role in the A2AR-D2R heteromer interface since the incubation with peptides corresponding to these domains significantly reduced the ability of A2AR and D2R to heteromerize. In addition, the incubation with TM-IV or TM-V blocked the allosteric modulation normally found in A2AR-D2R heteromers. The mutation of two negatively charged aspartates in the A2AR C-terminal tail (D401A/D402A) in combination with the S374A mutation drastically reduced the physical A2AR-D2R interaction and lost the ability of antagonistic allosteric modulation over the A2AR-D2R interface, suggesting further evidence for the existence of an electrostatic interaction between the C-terminal tail of A2AR and the intracellular loop 3 (IL3) of D2R. On the other hand, molecular dynamic model and bioinformatic analysis propose that specific AAR, AQE, and VLS protriplets as an important motive in the A2AR-D2LR heteromer interface together with D2LR TM segments IV/V interacting with A2AR TM-IV/V or TM-I/VII. 相似文献
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58.
Cheshenko N Del Rosario B Woda C Marcellino D Satlin LM Herold BC 《The Journal of cell biology》2003,163(2):283-293
The cellular pathways required for herpes simplex virus (HSV) invasion have not been defined. To test the hypothesis that HSV entry triggers activation of Ca2+-signaling pathways, the effects on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) after exposure of cells to HSV were examined. Exposure to virus results in a rapid and transient increase in [Ca2+]i. Pretreatment of cells with pharmacological agents that block release of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum stores abrogates the response. Moreover, treatment of cells with these pharmacological agents inhibits HSV infection and prevents focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation, which occurs within 5 min after viral infection. Viruses deleted in glycoprotein L or glycoprotein D, which bind but do not penetrate, fail to induce a [Ca2+]i response or trigger FAK phosphorylation. Together, these results support a model for HSV infection that requires activation of IP3-responsive Ca2+-signaling pathways and that is associated with FAK phosphorylation. Defining the pathway of viral invasion may lead to new targets for anti-viral therapy. 相似文献
59.
Colantonio SE Fuster V Marcellino AJ 《Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht über die biologisch-anthropologische Literatur》2006,64(3):311-319
During the Spanish colonial period, Córdoba was an important town due to its location suitable for controlling communication throughout a wide region of Argentina. As a typical colonial society, where individuals belonged to a well established social class, marriages among Whites were the result of strict norms and prejudices founded on nets of kinship, friendship and neighbouring. The objective of this paper is to determine, whether the elevated class endogamy among Whites during the colonial period resulted in high consanguinity and whether a process of selection of surnames was present in 1813. In both cases the interaction with the migratory flow was taken into account. It is concluded that (a) Although an endogamy of "class" existed among Whites, there is no evidence of the consequences on the biological structure of the population through preferential mating between relatives, as deduced from the low level of inbreeding from isonymy. (b) There was no differential reproduction reflecting the selection of families carrying certain surnames; therefore surnames followed a "neutral" model. (c) The diversity of surnames and the gene flow deduced from them were of a magnitude similar to present populations; this fact could have balanced the effect of the "class" endogamy. (d) Finally, the congruence between information derived from the population age distribution and historic data and the quantification of migration from surnames allowed the detection of mistakes in the census data file regarding the number of foreigners, thus validating the use of surnames as biological markers of the population structure. 相似文献
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