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51.
Eleonore S Köhler Selvakumari Sankaranarayanan Christa J van Ginneken Paul van Dijk Jacqueline LM Vermeulen Jan M Ruijter Wouter H Lamers Elisabeth Bruder 《BMC developmental biology》2008,8(1):107
Background
Milk contains too little arginine for normal growth, but its precursors proline and glutamine are abundant; the small intestine of rodents and piglets produces arginine from proline during the suckling period; and parenterally fed premature human neonates frequently suffer from hypoargininemia. These findings raise the question whether the neonatal human small intestine also expresses the enzymes that enable the synthesis of arginine from proline and/or glutamine. Carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPS), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), arginase-1 (ARG1), arginase-2 (ARG2), and nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) were visualized by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry in 89 small-intestinal specimens. 相似文献52.
LM Harris L Blank RP Desai NE Welker ET Papoutsakis 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2001,27(5):322-328
The effect of solR inactivation on the metabolism of Clostridium acetobutylicum was examined using fermentation characterization and metabolic flux analysis. The solR-inactivated strain (SolRH) of this study had a higher rate of glucose utilization and produced higher solvent concentrations
(by 25%, 14%, and 81%, respectively, for butanol, acetone, and ethanol) compared to the wild type. Strain SolRH(pTAAD), carrying
a plasmid-encoded copy of the bifunctional alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (aad) used in butanol production, produced even higher concentrations of solvents (by 21%, 45%, and 62%, respectively, for butanol,
acetone, and ethanol) than strain SolRH. Clarithromycin used for strain SolRH maintenance during SolRH(pTAAD) fermentations
did not alter product formation; however, tetracycline used for pTAAD maintenance resulted in 90% lower solvent production.
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2001) 27, 322–328.
Received 12 September 2000/ Accepted in revised form 21 July 2001 相似文献
53.
Joost LM Vissers Betty CAM van Esch Prescilla V Jeurink Gerard A Hofman Antoon JM van Oosterhout 《Respiratory research》2004,5(1):21
BackgroundPreviously, we demonstrated that OVA-loaded macrophages (OVA-Mφ) partially suppress OVA-induced airway manifestations of asthma in BALB/c mice. In vitro studies showed that OVA-Mφ start to produce IL-10 upon interaction with allergen-specific T cells, which might mediate their immunosuppressive effects. Herein, we examined whether IL-10 is essential for the immunosuppressive effects of OVA-Mφ in vivo, and whether ex vivo stimulation of the IL-10 production by OVA-Mφ could enhance these effects.MethodsPeritoneal Mφ were loaded with OVA and stimulated with LPS or immunostimulatory sequence oligodeoxynucleotide (ISS-ODN) in vitro. The increase of IL-10 production was examined and, subsequently, ex vivo stimulated OVA-Mφ were used to treat (i.v.) OVA-sensitized mice. To further explore whether Mφ-derived IL-10 mediates the immunosuppressive effects, Mφ isolated from IL-10-/- mice were used for treatment.ResultsWe found that stimulation with LPS or ISS-ODN highly increased the IL-10 production by OVA-Mφ (2.5-fold and 4.5-fold increase, respectively). ISS-ODN stimulation of OVA-Mφ significantly potentiated the suppressive effects on allergic airway inflammation. Compared to sham-treatment, ISS-ODN-stimulated OVA-Mφ suppressed the airway eosinophilia by 85% (vs. 30% by unstimulated OVA-Mφ), IL-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by 80% (vs. 50%) and serum OVA-specific IgE levels by 60% (vs. 30%). Importantly, IL-10-/-Mφ that were loaded with OVA and stimulated with ISS-ODN ex vivo, failed to suppress OVA-induced airway inflammation.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that Mφ-derived IL-10 mediates anti-inflammatory responses in a mouse model of allergic asthma, which both can be potentiated by stimulation with ISS-ODN. 相似文献
54.
55.
Lymphokine-activated killer cells with interleukin-2: dose toxicity and localization in isolated perfused rat lungs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D W Mulvin C A Kruse D H Mitchell T Marcell G T James M R Johnston 《Molecular biotherapy》1990,2(1):38-43
Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells combined with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) can produce tumor regression in murine models and in patients with pulmonary metastatic disease. However, the dose escalations of rIL-2 required for optimal therapeutic effect often result in increased vascular permeability ("vascular leak syndrome") and other toxic systemic consequences. To avoid systemic distribution, lung perfusion was used to administer LAK and rIL-2 locally. Preliminary to using these agents to treat tumor-bearing lungs, we used a nonblood-perfused isolated rat lung model to study the localization of radiolabeled rIL-2 and LAK and to characterize effects on normal lung tissue of increasing dosages and exposure times of rIL-2 and LAK cells, individually and combined. Lung function or permeability was assessed by measuring lung weight gain and pulmonary arterial pressure during the perfusion, extravascular lung water by double indicator dilution techniques, and wet weight to dry weight ratio. After perfusion for 1 hour using 200,000 U (1,300 U/ml) rIL-2, injury was detected as visible pulmonary edema, weight gain and increases in wet to dry weight ratio, and extravascular lung water; no injury was detected at lower, clinically appropriate dosages. When 1 X 10(8) LAK cells combined with 100,000 U rIL-2 (666 U/ml) were perfused for up to 2 hours, no injury was ascertained. Uptake and distribution of the radiolabeled rIL-2 or LAK was uniform to all lung lobes and corresponded to the decrease of 12% of the rIL-2 or 50% of the LAK from the perfusate after 1-hour perfusion. 相似文献
56.
Thomas?Fett Laurent?LM?Zecchinon Etienne?A?Baise Daniel?JM?DesmechtEmail author 《BMC veterinary research》2005,1(1):4
Background
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18, alpha L beta 2) is required for many cellular adhesive interactions during the immune response.Results
The Capra hircus CD11a-encoding cDNA was sequenced and compared with its human, murine, rat, bovine and ovine counterparts. Despite some focal differences, it shares all the main characteristics of its known mammalian homologues.Conclusion
Therefore, along with the caprine CD18-encoding cDNA, which has been available for a few months, the sequence data revealed here will allow the Capra hircus LFA-1 expression in vitro as a tool to explore the specificities of inflammation in the caprine species.57.
The movement protein of cucumber mosaic virus traffics into sieve elements in minor veins of nicotiana clevelandii 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
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The location of the 3a movement protein (MP) of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was studied by quantitative immunogold labeling of the wild-type 3a MP in leaves of Nicotiana clevelandii infected by CMV as well as by using a 3a-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion expressed from a potato virus X (PVX) vector. Whether expressed from CMV or PVX, the 3a MP targeted plasmodesmata and accumulated in the central cavity of the pore. Within minor veins, the most extensively labeled plasmodesmata were those connecting sieve elements and companion cells. In addition to targeting plasmodesmata, the 3a MP accumulated in the parietal layer of mature sieve elements. Confocal imaging of cells expressing the 3a-GFP fusion protein showed that the 3a MP assembled into elaborate fibrillar formations in the sieve element parietal layer. The ability of 3a-GFP, expressed from PVX rather than CMV, to enter sieve elements demonstrates that neither the CMV RNA nor the CMV coat protein is required for trafficking of the 3a MP into sieve elements. CMV virions were not detected in plasmodesmata from CMV-infected tissue, although large CMV aggregates were often found in the parietal layer of sieve elements and were usually surrounded by 3a MP. These data suggest that CMV traffics into minor vein sieve elements as a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the viral RNA, coat protein, and 3a MP, with subsequent viral assembly occurring in the sieve element parietal layer. 相似文献
58.
59.
Isolation and characterization of DL-methylmalonyl-coenzyme A racemase from rat liver 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Certain amino acids and other compounds are metabolized via propionyl-CoA----D-methylmalonyl-CoA----L-methylmalonyl- CoA----succinyl-CoA----tricarboxylic acid cycle. D-Methylmalonyl-CoA can also be converted to methylmalonic acid and coenzyme A by a specific hydrolase that does not act on L-methylmalonyl-CoA [R.J. Kovachy, S.D. Copley, and R.H. Allen (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11415-11421]. Because little is known about mammalian DL-methylmalonyl-CoA racemase and because it is involved in the flow of D-methylmalonyl-CoA to L-methylmalonyl-CoA----tricarboxylic acid cycle (versus to methylmalonic acid), we developed a new assay and purified rat liver racemase 23,000-fold to homogeneity. The molecular weight of the racemase is 32,000 and it contains two subunits of Mr 16,000 that are not connected by disulfide bonds. The rat liver and the rat and human white blood cell racemase are immunologically related. They are completely inactivated by EDTA and can be activated by the addition of Co+2, with 50% activation occurring at a concentration of 0.2 microM. Lower levels for maximal activation were obtained with higher concentrations of Co+3, Fe+2, and Mn+2. Other metals such as Zn+2, Cu+2, Cu+1, and Cd+2 completely inhibited racemase even in the presence of equal concentrations of Co+2. The purified racemase appears to bind 1 mol Co/mol subunit. 相似文献
60.
Kristin LM Boylan Somaieh Afiuni-Zadeh Melissa A Geller Kayla Hickey Timothy J Griffin Stefan E Pambuccian Amy PN Skubitz 《Clinical proteomics》2014,11(1):30