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51.
Mittaud P Marangi PA Erb-Vögtli S Fuhrer C 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2001,276(17):14505-14513
During neuromuscular synaptogenesis, neurally released agrin induces aggregation and tyrosine phosphorylation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) by acting through both the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK (muscle-specific kinase) and the AChR-associated protein, rapsyn. To elucidate this signaling mechanism, we examined tyrosine phosphorylation of AChR-associated proteins, particularly addressing whether agrin activates Src family kinases bound to the AChR. In C2 myotubes, agrin induced tyrosine phosphorylation of these kinases, of AChR-bound MuSK, and of the AChR beta and delta subunits, as observed in phosphotyrosine immunoblotting experiments. Kinase assays revealed that the activity of AChR-associated Src kinases was increased by agrin, whereas phosphorylation of the total cellular kinase pool was unaffected. In both rapsyn-deficient myotubes and staurosporine-treated C2 myotubes, where AChRs are not clustered, agrin activated MuSK but did not cause either Src family or AChR phosphorylation. In S27 mutant myotubes, which fail to aggregate AChRs, no agrin-induced phosphorylation of AChR-bound Src kinases, MuSK, or AChRs was observed. These results demonstrate first that agrin leads to phosphorylation and activation of AChR-associated Src-related kinases, which requires rapsyn, occurs downstream of MuSK, and causes AChR phosphorylation. Second, this activation intimately correlates with AChR clustering, suggesting that these kinases may play a role in agrin-induced AChR aggregation by forming an AChR-bound signaling cascade. 相似文献
52.
Bjorn Kloosterman AM Anithakumari Pierre-Yves Chibon Marian Oortwijn Gerard C van der Linden Richard GF Visser Christian WB Bachem 《BMC plant biology》2012,12(1):17
Background
With the completion of genome sequences belonging to some of the major crop plants, new challenges arise to utilize this data for crop improvement and increased food security. The field of genetical genomics has the potential to identify genes displaying heritable differential expression associated to important phenotypic traits. Here we describe the identification of expression QTLs (eQTLs) in two different potato tissues of a segregating potato population and query the potato genome sequence to differentiate between cis- and trans-acting eQTLs in relation to gene subfunctionalization. 相似文献53.
Phylogenetic profiles: a graphical method for detecting genetic recombinations in homologous sequences 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10
Phylogenetic profiles constitute a novel way of graphically displaying the
coherence of the sequence relationships over the entire length of a set of
aligned homologous sequences. Using a sliding-window technique, this method
determines the pairwise distances of all sequences in the windows and
evaluates, for each sequence, the degree to which the patterns of distances
in these regions agree. This method is suited for exploring data
consistency as well as detecting recombinant sequences. A computer program
implementing the algorithm has been developed, and examples with simulated
and natural sequences are given to demonstrate the sensitivity and accuracy
of the method for identifying recombinant sequences and their recombination
junctions as well as detecting hot spots of recombinational activity.
相似文献