基于Logistic模型的煤电产业共生系统稳定性分析

煤电产业共生系统中煤炭企业与电力企业之间的关系与生物种群中物种之间的互利共生关系存在一定的相似性,煤电产业共生系统要实现自身的完善与稳定发展,其内部互利共生关系的企业间必须达到利益上的均衡。借鉴自然界生物种群竞争与合作的共生演化理论与思想,用企业产值来反映煤电产业共生系统演化过程的外生变量,建立了企业产值增长的竞争与合作型Logistic模型。在厘清稳定点的条件之后,通过协同演化博弈分析对煤电产业共生系统演化过程进行了模拟。研究结果表明:(1)煤电产业共生系统的稳定不仅取决于煤电企业进入对方造成的分散力与集聚力之间的较量,还取决于各自在系统内外所取得效益的比较;不仅取决于核心企业的决定性作用,还很大程度上取决于相关企业为进入系统所做出的努力和采取的措施,同时,还与企业的初始产值、竞争力、合作性以及产值增长率等有着密切的关系;(2)煤电产业共生系统要实现长期可持续发展,必须保持产业共生系统互补的共生系统结构以及较高的生产活力。     

探讨植物单染色体测序中的假阳性问题

单细胞测序技术目前虽已广泛应用于人类、动物、微生物等物种的研究,但由于细胞壁的存在,使得该技术在植物上的应用举步维艰。如果能先分离出植物单条染色体,然后再应用单细胞测序技术进行扩增和测序,则可以避免细胞壁的干扰,从而具有重要的应用价值。虽然科研人员一直尝试针对单条植物染色体进行测序,但目前尚未见有成功的报道,也未见有文章对失败的原因进行讨论。该研究以六倍体中国春小麦为材料,针对使用单细胞测序技术进行单染色体扩增过程中出现的假阳性问题进行了探讨,分析了单染色体扩增失败的主要原因,并通过高通量测序技术研究了外源污染的可能来源。结果表明:在对实验器具、耗材、环境污染严格防控的基础上,人体接触可能是造成污染的主要来源;同时,推测单染色体之所以扩增失败可能是因为染色体自身超螺旋状态造成引物难以结合和复制。该研究还针对存在的问题提出了可行性建议,为将来成功进行单染色体测序提供了有益的借鉴。     

Leaf nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations of understory woody species regulated by soil phosphorus availability in a tropical forest

Leaf soluble sugars and starch are important components of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs), which are crucial for plant growth, development, and reproduction. Although there is a large body of research focusing on the regulation of plant NSC (soluble sugars and starch) concentrations, the response of foliar NSC concentrations to continuous nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition is still unclear, especially in tropical forests. Here, we used a long‐term manipulative field experiment to investigate the response of leaf NSC concentrations to continuous N and P addition (3‐, 5‐, and 8‐year fertilization) in a tropical forest in southern China. We found significant species‐specific variation in leaf NSC concentrations in this tropical forest. Phosphorus addition dramatically decreased both leaf soluble sugar and starch concentrations, while N addition had no significant effects on leaf soluble sugar and starch concentrations. These results suggest that, in plants growing in P‐limiting tropical soil, leaf NSC concentrations are regulated by soil P availability rather than N availability. Moreover, the negative relationships between NSC concentrations and leaf mass per area (LMA) revealed that NSCs could supply excess carbon (C) for leaf expansion under P addition. This was further supported by the increased structural P fraction after P fertilization in our previous study at the same site. We conclude that soil P availability strongly regulates leaf starch and soluble sugar concentrations in the tropical tree species included in this study. The response of leaf NSC concentrations to long‐term N and P addition can reflect the close relationships between plant C dynamics and soil nutrient availability in tropical forests. Maintaining relatively higher leaf NSC concentrations in tropical plants can be a potential mechanism for adapting to P‐deficient conditions.     

Changes of soil C stocks and stability after 70-year afforestation in the Northeast USA

Plant and Soil - Forest restoration has been proposed as an effective strategy for the sequestration of atmosphere CO2. Understanding the mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in...     

Bayesian Modeling of ChIP‐chip Data Through a High‐Order Ising Model

Summary ChIP‐chip experiments are procedures that combine chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and DNA microarray (chip) technology to study a variety of biological problems, including protein–DNA interaction, histone modification, and DNA methylation. The most important feature of ChIP‐chip data is that the intensity measurements of probes are spatially correlated because the DNA fragments are hybridized to neighboring probes in the experiments. We propose a simple, but powerful Bayesian hierarchical approach to ChIP‐chip data through an Ising model with high‐order interactions. The proposed method naturally takes into account the intrinsic spatial structure of the data and can be used to analyze data from multiple platforms with different genomic resolutions. The model parameters are estimated using the Gibbs sampler. The proposed method is illustrated using two publicly available data sets from Affymetrix and Agilent platforms, and compared with three alternative Bayesian methods, namely, Bayesian hierarchical model, hierarchical gamma mixture model, and Tilemap hidden Markov model. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method performs as well as the other three methods for the data from Affymetrix tiling arrays, but significantly outperforms the other three methods for the data from Agilent promoter arrays. In addition, we find that the proposed method has better operating characteristics in terms of sensitivities and false discovery rates under various scenarios.     

Extraction from prawn shells of substances cryoprotective for Vibrio cholerae

Substances cryoprotective for Vibrio cholerae were detected from prawn shells immersed in phosphate-buffered saline. This cryoprotective activity was heat resistant and sensitive to treatment with trypsin. For the exhibition of its full activity, the presence of Mg ion was indispensable. The cryoprotective activity of this substance was more active than that of other known cryoprotectants, like glycerol or serum.     

Distribution of MICB diversity in the Zhejiang Han population: PCR sequence-based typing for exons 2–6 and identification of five novel MICB alleles

The polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene B (MICB) and variations in MICB alleles in a variety of populations have been characterized using several genotyping approaches. In the present study, a novel polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) method was established for the genotyping of MICB exons 2–6, and the allelic frequency of MICB in the Zhejiang Han population was investigated. Among 400 unrelated healthy Han individuals from Zhejiang Province, China, a total of 20 MICB alleles were identified, of which MICB*005:02:01, MICB*002:01:01, and MICB*004:01:01 were the most predominant alleles, with frequencies of 0.57375, 0.1225, and 0.08375, respectively. Nine MICB alleles were detected on only one occasion, giving a frequency of 0.00125. Of the 118 distinct MICB?～?HLA-B haplotypes identified, 42 showed significant linkage disequilibrium (P?<?0.05). Haplotypes MICB*005:02:01?～?B*46:01, MICB*005:02:01?～?B*40:01, and MICB*008?～?B*58:01 were the most common haplotypes, with frequencies of 0.0978, 0.0761, and 0.0616, respectively. Five novel alleles, MICB*005:07, MICB*005:08, MICB*027, MICB*028, and MICB*029 were identified. Compared with the MICB*005:02:01 sequence, a G > A substitution was observed at nucleotide position 210 in MICB*005:07, and a 1,134 T > C substitution in MICB*005:08 and an 862 G > A substitution in MICB*027 were detected. In addition, it appears that MICB*028 probably arose from MICB*004:01:01 with an A to G substitution at position 1,147 in exon 6. MICB*029 had a G > T transversion at nucleotide position 730 in exon 4, compared with that of MICB*002:01:01. On the basis of the new PCR-SBT assay, these observed results demonstrated MICB allelic variations in the Zhejiang Han population.     

Biomass Accumulation and Carbon Sequestration in Four Different Aged Casuarina equisetifolia Coastal Shelterbelt Plantations in South China

Thousands of kilometers of shelterbelt plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia have been planted to protect the southeast coastline of China. These plantations also play an important role in the regional carbon (C) cycling. In this study, we examined plant biomass increment and C accumulation in four different aged C. equisetifolia plantations in sandy beaches in South China. The C accumulated in the C. equisetifolia plant biomass increased markedly with stand age. The annual rate of C accumulation in the C. equisetifolia plant biomass during 0–3, 3–6, 6–13 and 13–18 years stage was 2.9, 8.2, 4.2 and 1.0 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively. Soil organic C (SOC) at the top 1 m soil layer in these plantations was 17.74, 5.14, 6.93, and 11.87 Mg C ha⁻¹, respectively, with SOC density decreasing with increasing soil depth. Total C storage in the plantation ecosystem averaged 26.57, 38.50, 69.78, and 79.79 Mg C ha⁻¹ in the 3, 6, 13 and 18- yrs plantation, with most of the C accumulated in the aboveground biomass rather than in the belowground root biomass and soil organic C. Though our results suggest that C. equisetifolia plantations have the characteristics of fast growth, high biomass accumulation, and the potential of high C sequestration despite planting in poor soil conditions, the interactive effects of soil condition, natural disturbance, and human policies on the ecosystem health of the plantation need to be further studied to fully realize the ecological and social benefits of the C equisetifolia shelterbelt forests in South China.     

腰痛相关动物模型的研究进展

腰痛(low back pain,LBP)是影响人类健康的最常见疾病之一,患病率高且治愈率低下。其发病机制尚不清楚,可能与多种因素有关,如椎间盘退变、关节突关节损伤、肌肉筋膜炎症等。建立恰当的动物模型有助于研究和了解LBP的发病机制、探索预防及治疗方法。本文就可诱发腰痛的动物模型研究进展综述如下。