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61.
Twenty-two patients with chronic productive bronchitis or bronchiectasis were treated by direct instillations of normal saline and N-acetylcysteine into the trachea through a percutaneous catheter following a period of conventional routine therapy.The instillation, using either normal saline or varying concentrations of N-acetylcysteine did not produce significant change in alveolar gas exchange as reflected by measurement of arterial PaCO2 and the alveolar arterial gradient for oxygen during and after the introduction of the medication into the bronchial tree. Studies were carried out after patients had been stabilized breathing pure oxygen on an IPPB machine for 30 minutes.Evaluation of the treatment by means of pulmonary function tests demonstrated significant improvement in overall function following therapy.The results indicate that the technique of tracheobronchial lavage is physiologically benign and that overall improvement in pulmonary function can be obtained by this means in cases of the type described in this study. 相似文献
62.
63.
Characterization of the D-allose-mediated regulation of sugar transport in Chinese hamster fibroblasts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Exposure to D-allose has been demonstrated to lead to decreased 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and 3-0-methyl-D-glucose transport in the V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line. The effect of D-allose 1) was maximal after 4 hours exposure to the cells; 2) was optimal between 2.77 and 5.55 mM D-allose; and 3) led to a decreased Vmax for 2-DG transport with no change in the transport Km value. The decrease in 2-DG transport induced by D-allose was reversible and the reversal was differentially affected by cycloheximide, being blocked by a low concentration of cycloheximide (0.05 micrograms/ml) but not a high concentration of the inhibitor (5 micrograms/ml). D-allose did not competitively inhibit the transport of 2-DG while D-glucose under similar conditions yielded a Kl for 2-DG transport inhibition of 1.7 mM. Additionally, D-allose did not affect the phosphorylation of 2-DG by hexokinase in cell-free cytosol. The data indicate that D-allose has significant lowering effects on sugar transport activity. Additionally, while the sugar itself may be the active component in sugar transport regulation, the effect is not blocked by inhibition of protein synthesis but the synthesis of a regulatory protein(s) may be involved in the return of sugar transport following D-allose removal. 相似文献
64.
Hormonal changes associated with fruit set and development in mandarins differing in their parthenocarpic ability 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Satsuma [Citrus unshiu (Mak) Marc.] and Clementine [Citrus reticulata (Hort.) Ex. Tanaka, cv. Oroval] are two related species of seedless mandarins which differ in their tendency to set parthenocarpic fruits. Satsuma fruits naturally set parthenocarpically whereas Clementine mandarins show very low ability to set fruit in the absence of cross-pollination. The endogenous levels of gibberellins (GAs) and free and conjugated indole-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) throughout early stages of fruit development were investigated in seedless cultivars of both species. Analyses performed by full-scan combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of extracts from ovaries at anthesis demonstrated the presence of GA19, GA20, GA29, GA1, GA8, GA3 and iso-GA3 in Satsuma mandarin, whereas only GA29, GA3 and trace levels of GA8 were detected in Clementine. At this developmental stage GA-like substances, as estimated by bioassay, reached their highest levels in Satsuma, while Clementine mandarins contained relatively lower levels. In both species the highest levels of free IAA were found at petal-fall stage at which time free ABA levels also peaked. Developing fruits of Clementine had higher amounts of both free IAA and ABA. In Satsuma, levels of conjugated IAA remained low throughout reproductive development whereas in Clementine they increased as the free form declined. In contrast, conjugated ABA was at low levels in Clementine but reached higher concentrations in Satsuma. These results suggest that in these mandarins the potential for setting parthenocarpic fruits is mainly influenced by the hormonal status of the fruit during the later stages of cell division and early stages of cell enlargement. Thus, the condition of low ability to set parthenocarpic fruits appears to be associated with lower levels of active GAs, lower capability to catabolize ABA to conjugated ABA and higher ability to conjugate IAA during this period. 相似文献
65.
Manuel Valmaseda Gonzalo Almendros Angel T. Martínez 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1990,33(4):481-484
Summary The ability of 45 fungal strains to degrade wheat straw and beech wood was studied. Degradation patterns were defined in terms of chemical evolution of substrates and changes in lignin and polysaccharides. Trametes versicolor produced an important degradation of lignin and increased substrate digestibility, but it caused high weight losses and gave rise to similar decay patterns on both substrates. A preferential degradation of lignin was produced during straw transformation by Pleurotus eryngii. The increase of soluble lignin and decreases of lignin content and H/C ratio defined the degradation tendency after principal component analysis. The cation exchange capacity and water and alkali solubility presented the highest loading factors for the characterization of fungal transformation of beech wood.
Offprint requests to: A. T. Martínez 相似文献
66.
González Mariela Montoya Rolando Candia Arturo Gómez Patricia Cisternas Manuel 《Hydrobiologia》1996,326(1):229-234
The extreme phenotypic variability recognized among the species of Gracilaria has highlighted the need for the application of refined methods to help solve taxa identifications. In Chile, there still exists uncertainty about the exact number of Gracilaria species. Our investigations are centered on DNA analyses of morphotypes collected from different geographical locations, namely Lenga and Isla Santa María, Region VIII (36°00 S to 38°00 S), and Maullín, Region X (39°30 S to 43°40 S). These two regions of Chile are considered as areas of confluence of G. chilensis, G. verrucosa, and a species of Gracilariopsis. In this study four morphotypes, from a natural bed located in Maullín, were analyzed for RFLP of plastid DNA and the results compared with data of four morphotypes from a bed in Lenga. The DNA banding patterns from each enzyme digest were identical irrespective of morphotypes and/or locations. In an attempt to unravel the nature of the morphological differences found among Lenga and Maullín morphotypes, RAPD analyses of nuclear DNA were also performed; however, no polymorphism has been found yet. Therefore, the data of this study, as well as concurrent data from preliminary interfertility tests, suggest that all morphotypes belong to a single taxon, Gracilaria chilensis.Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas 相似文献
67.
Leaf decomposition of the exotic evergreen Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus), and three native deciduous tree species, Alnus glutinosa (alder), Castanea sativa (chestnut) and Quercus faginea (oak), was compared in a second order stream in Central Portugal. Changes in dry weight, nitrogen and polyphenolic compounds and microbial colonization were periodically assessed for three months.Negative exponential curves fit the leaf weight loss with time for all leaf species. Mass loss rate was in the order alder (K = 0.0161) > chestnut (K = 0.0079) > eucalyptus (K = 0.0068) > oak (K = 0.0037). Microbial colonization followed the same pattern as breakdown rates. Evidence of fungal colonization was observed in alder after 3 days in the stream, whereas it took 21 days in oak leaves to have fungal colonization. Fungal diversity was leaf species-dependent and increased with time. In all cases, percent nitrogen per unit leaf weight increased, at least, at the initial stages of decay while soluble polyphenolics (expressed as percentage per unit leaf weight) decreased rapidly in the first month of leaves immersion.Intrinsic factors such as nitrogen and polyphenolic content may explain differences in leaf decomposition. The possible incorporation of eucalyptus litter into secondary production in a reasonable time span is suggested, although community balance and structure might be affected by differences in allochthonous patterns determined by eucalyptus monocultures. 相似文献
68.
Antonio Bode Benita Casas Emilio Fernández Emilio Marañón Pablo Serret Manuel Varela 《Hydrobiologia》1996,341(3):225-234
Summary Chlorophyll-a and primary production on the euphotic zone of the N-NW Spanish shelf were studied at 125 stations between 1984 and 1992. Three geographic areas (Cantabrian Sea, Rías Altas and Was Baixas), three bathymetric ranges (20 to 60 m, 60 to 150 m and stations deeper than 200 m), and four oceanographic stages (spring and autumn blooms, summer upwelling, summer stratification and winter mixing) were considered. One of the major sources of variability of chlorophyll and production data was season. Bloom and summer upwelling stages have equivalent mean and maximum values. Average chlorophyll-a concentrations approximately doubled in every step of the increasing productivity sequence: winter mixing — summer stratification — high productivity (upwelling and bloom) stages. Average primary production rates increased only 60% in the described sequence. Mean (± sd) values of chlorophyll-a and primary production rates during the high productivity stages were 59.7 ± 39.5 mg Chl-a m–2 and 86.9 ± 44.0 mg C m–2 h–1, respectively. Significant differences in both chlorophyll and primary production resulted between geographic areas in most stages. Only 27 stations showed the effects of the summer upwelling that affected coastal areas in the Cantabrian Sea and Rías Baixas shelf, but also shelf-break stations in the Rías Altas area. The Rías Baixas area had lower chlorophyll than both the Rías Altas and the Cantabrian Sea areas during spring and autumn blooms, but higher during summer upwelling events. On the contrary, primary production rates were higher in the Rías Baixas area during blooms in spring and autumn. Mid-shelf areas showed the highest chlorophyll concentrations during high productivity stages, probably due to the existence of frontal zones in all geographic areas considered. The estimated phytoplankton growth rates were comparable to those of other coastal upwelling systems, with average values lower than the maximum potential growth rates. Doubling rates for upwelling and stratification stages in the northern and Rías Altas shelf areas were equivalent, despite larger biomass accumulations during upwelling events. Low turnover rates of the existing biomass in the Rías Baixas shelf in upwelling stages suggests that the accumulation of phytoplankton was due mainly to the export from the highly productive rías, while the contribution of in situ production to these accumulations was relatively lower. 相似文献
69.
Factors affecting transient gene expression in cultured radiata pine cotyledons following particle bombardment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Manuel Rey María Victoria González Ricardo J. Ordás Raffaela Tavazza Giorgio Ancora 《Physiologia plantarum》1996,96(4):630-636
Transfer and expression of the β–glucuronidase gene ( gusA ) in cultured cotyledons of radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don ) were obtained by particle bombardment. Conditions for optimum transient expression were established by using plasmid pB[/12], delivered by gold particles, 1.6 μm in diameter, into 8-day-old cultured cotyledons. Helium pressure of 7.6 MPa, bombardment distance between the stopping screen and the target tissues of 6 cm, and 0.8 μg of plasmid DNA per bombardment proved to be the best parameters for transient expression; using these parameters 79% of bombarded cotyledons showed GUS activity, with 4.3 blue spots per cotyledon. This system was used for studying the expression of several gus-driven promoters the expression of the sunflower ubiquitin gene promoter was higher (99% of positive cotyledons, with 14.2 blue spots per cotyledon) than that of the CaMV 35S promoter, whereas the rice actin and the maize alcohol dehydrogenase gene promoters gave lower gusA expression, as determined histochemically. These results were confirmed by using the gus fluorometric assay. Use of the sunflower ubiquitin gene promoter resulted in gusA expression up to 20 days after bombardment, with a significant level of gus expressing loci per bombarded cotyledon, whereas with the CaMV 35S promoter gusA expression was lost 12 days after bombardment. 相似文献
70.
Ana Cristina Gomes da Cunha Manuel Fernandes Ferreira 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1996,47(1):1-8
The effects of plant growth regulators (PGR) on calli induction, morphogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of flax were studied. The organogenic and callus formation capacity were assessed for different types of source explants. Root and shoot explants were equally good material for calli production but the former produced calli without shoot regeneration capacity. Under the experimental conditions tested, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + zeatin was the most efficient PGR combination on calli induction and biomass production. The calli were green but with no rhizogenic capacity. In contrast, and at similar concentrations, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + kinetin induced white or pale green friable calli with a good root regeneration capacity (60%). A factorial experiment with different combinations of 2,4-D + zeatin + gibberellic acid (GA3) levels revealed that the direction of explant differentiation was determined by specific PGR interactions and concentrations. The results from these experiments revealed that the morphogenetic pathway (shoot versus root differentiation) can be manipulated on flax explants by raising the 2,4-D level from 0.05 to 3.2 mg l?1 in the induction medium. The induction and development of somatic embryos from flax explants was possible in a range of 2,4-D + zeatin concentrations surrounding 0.4 mg l?1 2,4-D and 1.6 mg l?1 zeatin, the most efficient growth regulator combination. 相似文献