Nanoemulsions in Translational Research—Opportunities and Challenges in Targeted Cancer Therapy

Nanoemulsion dosage form serves as a vehicle for the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients and has attracted great attention in drug delivery and pharmacotherapy. In particular, nanoemulsions act as an excellent vehicle for poorly aqueous soluble drugs, which are otherwise difficult to formulate in conventional dosage forms. Nanoemulsions are submicron emulsions composed of generally regarded as safe grade excipients. Particle size at the nanoscale and larger surface area lead to some very interesting physical properties that can be exploited to overcome anatomical and physiological barriers associated in drug delivery to the complex diseases such as cancer. Along these lines, nanoemulsions have been engineered with specific attributes such as size, surface charge, prolonged blood circulation, target specific binding ability, and imaging capability. These attributes can be tuned to assist in delivering drug/imaging agents to the specific site of interest, based on active and passive targeting mechanisms. This review focuses on the current state of nanoemulsions in the translational research and its role in targeted cancer therapy. In addition, the production, physico-chemical characterization, and regulatory aspects of nanoemulsion are addressed.     

Range extension and species confirmation of Rhyneptesicus nasutus (Sind Serotine Bat) (Mammalia:Chiroptera) from Bajaur Agency,FATA, Pakistan

Molecular Biology Reports - The lack of morphological differentiation among chiropteran species and cryptic speciation impedes species identification. DNA-based approaches help species...     

Description of a new species of Anuretes (Copepoda: Caligidae) from Kerala

A new species ofAnuretes collected from the gills ofDiagramma crassispinum Day at Cape Comorin, India, is described in detail. The carapace of the three females obtained was folded ventrally likeHermilius on the gill filaments.     

Description of a new species of Lepeophtheirus (copepoda: caligidae) from Kerala

A new species of Lepeophtheirus collected from Plotosus anguillaris (Bloch) by the author is described in detail. All the related species of the genus are compared with Lepeophtheirus anguilli sp. nov.     

Coupling Enhancement of Plasmonic Liquid Photonic Crystal Fiber

Plasmonics - In this paper, the coupling characteristics of a dual-core hybrid plasmonic liquid crystal photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed and analyzed using full-vectorial finite-difference...     

Manganese-doped cerium oxide nanocomposite as a therapeutic agent for MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cell line

The preparation of a manganese-doped cerium oxide (Mn:CeO₂) nanocomposite via hydrothermal route is described. Cubic fluorite structure of single phase was exhibited by studying structural analysis through x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and morphological analysis was conducted by scanning electron microscope. Surface analytic technique of energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was conducted to analyze the relative amount of any impurity and doping. Structural changes due to manganese doping such as increment in production of vacancies of oxygen within crystal of cerium oxide, and reduction in size of crystallite and constant of lattice was observed in our research study. Moreover, the Mn:CeO₂ nanocomposite demonstrates differential cytotoxicity against MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cell line, which renders it a promising candidate for targeted cancer therapy. The anti-tumorous activity of the cerium oxide nanocomposite was significantly enhanced with doping of manganese, which is directly linked with the generation of highly reactive oxygen facets. The experimental results are supported by a mathematical model that confirms a confidence level of 95%. This research has paved the way for many utilities in therapeutics and magnetic resonance imaging diagnostics through new observations, and hence verified their math model.     

Comparative Genetic Evaluation of Maize Inbred Lines at Seedling and Maturity Stages Under Drought Stress

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - A shortage of water acutely restricts maize plant development, which ultimately limits maize production. The identification of the potential genotypes under...