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41.
Dr P. P. Srivastava A. K. Bansal R. M. Shukla N. D. Banerjee N. N. Saxena S. S. Sinha 《Mycopathologia》1994,128(2):81-84
The major cuticular components of Indian tasar silkworm,Antheraea mylitta Drury, were sequentially extracted and estimated to ascertain preferential utilization of these components for growth by the entomopathogenic fungusPenicillium citrinum Thom. Proteins which constituted 61.64% dry weight of cuticule were found to play a key role in the growth ofP. citrinum whereas lipids (7.15%) and chitin (30.02%) were least involved. Also, this study suggests absence of any mycocidal substance in the cuticle ofA. mylitta. 相似文献
42.
Abstract: Activation of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors has been shown to result in a rapid desensitization of the receptor in the presence of certain agonists. One effect of AMPA receptor desensitization in the hippocampus may be to decrease the efficacy of AMPA receptor agonists at stimulating the release of norepinephrine from noradrenergic terminals. Recently, cyclothiazide was reported to inhibit AMPA receptor desensitization by acting at a distinct site on AMPA receptors. We have examined the effect of cyclothiazide on AMPA- and kainate (KA)-induced norepinephrine release from rat hippocampal slices to determine whether cyclothiazide would increase the efficacy of AMPA-induced [3 H]norepinephrine release by inhibiting AMPA receptor desensitization. Cyclothiazide was observed to potentiate markedly both AMPA- and KA-induced [3 H]norepinephrine release. This potentiation is selective for AMPA/KA receptors as cyclothiazide did not potentiate N -methyl- d -aspartate-induced [3 H]norepinephrine release or release induced by the nonspecific depolarizing agents veratridine and 4-aminopyridine. These results demonstrate that AMPA receptor-mediated modulation of [3 H]norepinephrine release from rat brain slices is a useful approach to studying the cyclothiazide modulatory site on the AMPA receptor complex. 相似文献
43.
Enhancement of NMDA-mediated responses by cyanide 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Manisha N. Patel Robert W. Peoples George K. W. Yim Gary E. Isom 《Neurochemical research》1994,19(10):1319-1323
The effect of cyanide on NMDA-activated ion current and MK801 binding was studied in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. In microfluorometric analysis using fura-2, removal of extracellular Mg2+ resulted in a five-fold increase in NMDA-induced peak of [Ca2+]i. One mM NaCN enhanced the peak NMDA responses in the presence, but not in the absence of extracellular Mg2+. Cyanide enhanced the immediate rise in [Ca2+]i produced by NMDA, followed over a 1–5 min period by a gradual increase of [Ca2+]i. Similar results were obtained in whole-cell patch clamp recordings from hippocampal neurons. One mM KCN enhanced the NMDA-activated current in the presence, but not in the absence of extracellular Mg2+. This effect was independent of cyanide-mediated metabolic inhibition since the recording pipette contained ATP (2 mM). In binding assays NaCN (1 mM) increased the binding affinity of [3H]MK-801 to rat forebrain membranes in the presence of Mg2+, whereas in the absence of Mg2+, NaCN did not influence binding. These results indicate that cyanide enhances NMDA-mediated Ca2+ influx and inward current by interacting with the Mg2+ block of the NMDA receptor. The effect of cyanide can be explained by an initial interaction with the Mg2+ block of the NMDA receptor/ionophore which appears to be energy-independent, followed by a gradual increase in Ca2+ influx resulting from cellular energy reserve depletion.Abbreviations NMDA
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
- EAA
excitatory amino acid
- MK-801
(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d] cyclohept-5,10-imine maleate 相似文献
44.
A basic trypsin-subtilisin inhibitor has been isolated from the egg white of marine turtle (Caretta caretta Linn.) and purified to homogeneity by gel filtration followed by ion-exchange chromatography. It has a single polypeptide chain of 117 amino acid residues, having a molecular weight of 13,600. It lacks methionine and tryptophan. Its isoelectric point is atpH 10.0 and the sedimentation coefficient (s20,w) value of 1.62 S is independent of protein concentration. It has a Stokes radius of 18.8 Å, an intrinsic viscosity of 0.048 dl g–1 and a diffusion coefficient of 10.17×10–7 cm2 sec–1. Its fluorescence emission spectrum is similar to that of free tyrosine and the bimolecular quencing rate constant of its tyrosine residues with acrylamide is 3.15×109 M–1 sec–1. The inhibitor strongly inhibits both trypsin and subtilisin by forming enzyme-inhibitor complexes at a molar ratio of unity. The nature of inhibition toward both enzymes is not temporary. It has independent binding sites for inhibition of trypsin and subtilisin. Chemical modification with tetranitromethane suggests the presence of three tyrosine residues on the surface of the inhibitor molecule. 相似文献
45.
Jeffrey R. Laduca Dilip K. Sinha 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》1993,29(10):789-794
Summary Carcinogenesis is a lengthy process which eventually culminates in the transformed phenotype, cancer. However, much remains
to be defined about the process of transformation. In vivo models for the study of the carcinogenic process present limitations
because it is not possible to detect the premalignant stages in the animals. An in vitro model, on the other hand, facilitates
the study of the carcinogenic process because it enables one to dissect out the crucial events required for carcinogenesis
to occur. As carcinogenesis is believed to be a multistep process; initiation, promotion, and progression, a multistep, in
vitro system has been devised in our laboratory to mimic each of these stages. We have previously shown the formation of “microtumors”
in collagen gels, induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. In the present study the direct acting water soluble, mammary
carcinogen,N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) was used for tumorigenesis of mammary epithelial cells in culture. Mammary epithelial cells from virgin
Sprague-Dawley rats were propagated and exposed to single or multiple doses of NMU while growing as a monolayer in glass petri
dishes (initiation). Initiated cells were then plated into a collagen gel matrix culture. Prolonged growth in the collagen
gels afforded for the progression of the transformed cells into discernable microtumors in the three-dimensional matrix of
the collagen. The morphology of these “tumors” was determined by histologic sections of the gels. Fewer, if any, such structures
existed in the untreated gels. 相似文献
46.
Summary Precipitation of proteins has been achieved following passage of direct electric current in various protein solutions. Application of as low as 3 V of electric current showed precipitation but the rate increased with increase in electric current. With 9 V there was more than 85% precipitation of protein within 15 min. Precipitation occurred at a wide range of pH and temperature. Electrophoretic analysis of precipitated proteins show that they are not denatured by application of electric current. Proteins thus precipitated can be easily recovered by centrifugation. 相似文献
47.
Umesh C. Haldar Sanat K. Saha Ronald C. Beavis Nirmal K. Sinha 《The protein journal》1996,15(2):177-184
Two trypsin inhibitors, LA-1 and LA-2, have been isolated from ridged gourd (Luffa acutangula Linn.) seeds and purified to homogeneity by gel filtration followed by ion-exchange chromatography. The isoelectric point is atpH 4.55 for LA-1 and atpH 5.85 for LA-2. The Stokes radius of each inhibitor is 11.4 å. The fluorescence emission spectrum of each inhibitor is similar to that of the free tyrosine. The biomolecular rate constant of acrylamide quenching is 1.0×109 M?1 sec?1 for LA-1 and 0.8 × 109 M?1 sec?1 for LA-2 and that of K2HPO4 quenching is 1.6×1011 M?1 sec?1 for LA-1 and 1.2×1011M?1 sec?1 for LA-2. Analysis of the circular dichroic spectra yields 40%α-helix and 60%Β-turn for La-1 and 45%α-helix and 55%Β-turn for LA-2. Inhibitors LA-1 and LA-2 consist of 28 and 29 amino acid residues, respectively. They lack threonine, alanine, valine, and tryptophan. Both inhibitors strongly inhibit trypsin by forming enzymeinhibitor complexes at a molar ratio of unity. A chemical modification study suggests the involvement of arginine of LA-1 and lysine of LA-2 in their reactive sites. The inhibitors are very similar in their amino acid sequences, and show sequence homology with other squash family inhibitors. 相似文献
48.
An electron spin resonance study of the reduction of peroxides by anthracycline semiquinones 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Direct and spin-trapping electron spin resonance methods have been used to study the reactivity of semiquinone radicals from the anthracycline antibiotics daunorubicin and adriamycin towards peroxides (hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide and cumene hydroperoxide). Semiquinone radicals were generated by one-electron reduction of anthracyclines, using xanthine/xanthine oxidase. It is shown that the semiquinones are effective reducing agents for all the peroxides. From spin-trapping experiments it is inferred that the radical product is either OH (from H2O2) or an alkoxyl radical (from the hydroperoxides) which undergoes beta-scission to give the methyl radical. The rate constant for reaction of semiquinone with H2O2 is estimated to be approx. 10(4)-10(5) M-1 X s-1. The reduction does not appear to require catalysis by metal ions. 相似文献
49.
Differences in water relations and physiological characteristics in leaves of wheat associated with leaf position on the plant
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The seasonal change in leaf water potential and its components, stomatal resistance, specific leaf weight, photosynthesis rate, the activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and nitrate reductase, and soluble proteins were measured in flag leaves (ninth from base in position), seventh and fifth leaves of wheat Triticum aestivum L. cv Kalyansona. Flag leaves had a lower water and solute potential and lower or equal turgor pressure than seventh and fifth leaves. These differences were found to be independent of environment. The rate of photosynthesis and nitrate reductase activity were always lower in fifth and seventh leaves than in flag leaf. The photosynthetic efficiency in flag leaves appeared to be associated with lower stomatal resistance and higher specific leaf weight. The relations between leaf water potential and relative water content showed a change with leaf position. This change possibly allows flag leaf to maintain its functional efficiency despite its lower water potential. 相似文献
50.
Summary The fine structure of seminiferous tubules from 5 crabeater, 2 leopard and 2 Ross seals showed that during the nonbreeding season the tubules were essentially similar in possessing spermatogenic and Sertoli cells. However, the tubules of leopard and Ross seals had more primary and secondary spermatocytes and spermatids than the crabeater seals. In general, the tubules were devoid of spermatozoa. The spermatids showed stages of maturation such as Golgi phase of acrosome formation, acrosomal cap formation and condensation of nuclei. Some spermatids degenerated in tubules. Both maturing and degenerating spermatids were closely associated with Sertoli cells. Junctional complexes with plaques of filaments were observed between Sertoli cells and the spermatogenic cells. Sertoli cells, irregular and polygonal, contained highly convoluted nuclei, strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, small mitochondria, variable amounts of lipid droplets, lysosomes, lipofuscin granules and highly plicated plasma membranes. In brief, the spermatogenic activity had practically ceased in the testes and the animals probably secreted low levels of testosterone during the nonbreeding season.This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grants G.U. 30270 and G.U. 29829X from the Office of Polar Program and by NIH Grant 5 R01 AM11-376 相似文献