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Alireza Badiei Jack Rivers-Auty Abel Damien Ang Madhav Bhatia 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2013,97(17):7845-7852
Hydrogen sulfide is an inflammatory mediator and is produced by the activity of the enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) in macrophages. Previously, pharmacological inhibition of CSE has been reported to have conflicting results, and this may be due to the lack of specificity of the pharmacological agents. Therefore, this study used a very specific approach of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit the production of the CSE in an in vitro setting. We found that the activation of macrophages by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in higher levels of CSE mRNA and protein as well as the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). We successfully used siRNA to specifically reduce the levels of CSE mRNA and protein in activated macrophages. Furthermore, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated macrophages were significantly lower in siRNA-transfected cells compared to those in untransfected controls. However, the production levels of NO by the transfected cells were higher, suggesting that CSE activity has an inhibitory effect on NO production. These findings suggest that the CSE enzyme has a crucial role in the activation of macrophages, and its activity has an inhibitory effect on NO production by these cells. 相似文献
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CH Balachiranjeevi Naik S. Bhaskar V. Abhilash S. Akanksha B. C. Viraktamath M. S. Madhav A. S. Hariprasad G. S. Laha M. S. Prasad S. M. Balachandran C. N. Neeraja M. Satendra Kumar P. Senguttuvel K. B. Kemparaju V. P. Bhadana T. Ram G. Harika H. K. Mahadeva Swamy S. K. Hajira A. Yugander K. Pranathi M. Anila G. Rekha M. B. V. N. Kousik T. Dilip Kumar R. K. Swapnil Archana Giri R. M. Sundaram 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2015,35(7):1-12
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Xia CQ Peng R Annamalai M Clare-Salzler MJ 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2007,352(4):960-965
Mature dendritic cells (mDCs) undergo "exhaustion" in producing cytokines. Nevertheless, whether this "exhaustion" of mDCs is selective to certain cytokines, or whether mDCs have specific cytokine-producing profiles has yet to be defined. Herein, we investigated the cytokine production in vitro by immature DCs (iDCs) and LPS-induced mDCs. Compared to iDCs, mDCs produced comparable levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Strikingly, mDCs produced significantly higher IFN-gamma and IL-10. IL-12 production of mDCs was suppressed. Kinetic studies of the responses of iDCs and mDCs to LPS or CD40L showed that mDCs acquired progressively heightened activity in producing IFN-gamma and IL-10. TNF-alpha-, IL-6-producing capability of mDCs was maintained. Nevertheless, IL-12 production by mDCs was not recovered at any time point. Mature DCs were potent in priming both Th1 and Th2 cells. In conclusion, upon maturation, DCs are reprogrammed with a distinct cytokine-secreting profile, which may play an important role in regulating T cell functions. 相似文献
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Kamlesh Khunti Hamidreza Mani Felix Achana Nicola Cooper Laura J. Gray Melanie J. Davies 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
Background
Screening for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and individuals at risk of diabetes has been advocated, yet information on the response rate and diagnostic yield of different screening strategies are lacking.Methods
Studies (from 1998 to March/2015) were identified through Medline, Embase and the Cochrane library and included if they used oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and WHO-1998 diagnostic criteria for screening in a community setting. Studies were one-step strategy if participants were invited directly for OGTT and two, three/four step if participants were screened at one or more levels prior to invitation to OGTT. The response rate and diagnostic yield were pooled using Bayesian random-effect meta-analyses.Findings
47 studies (422754 participants); 29 one-step, 11 two-step and seven three/four-step were identified. Pooled response rate (95% Credible Interval) for invitation to OGTT was 65.5% (53.7, 75.6), 63.1% (44.0, 76.8), and 85.4% (76.4, 93.3) in one, two and three/four-step studies respectively. T2DM yield was 6.6% (5.3, 7.8), 13.1% (4.3, 30.9) and 27.9% (8.6, 66.3) for one, two and three/four-step strategies respectively. The number needed to invite to the OGTT to detect one case of T2DM was 15, 7.6 and 3.6 in one, two, and three/four-step strategies. In two step strategies, there was no difference between the response or yield rates whether the first step was blood test or risk-score. There was evidence of substantial heterogeneity in rates across study populations but this was not explained by the method of invitation, study location (rural versus urban) and developmental index of the country in which the study was performed.Conclusions
Irrespective of the invitation method, developmental status of the countries and or rural/urban location, using a multi-step strategy increases the initial response rate to the invitation to screening for diabetes and reduces the number needed to have the final diagnostic test (OGTT in this study) for a definite diagnosis. 相似文献47.
Abhay R. Redkar Shilpa Kadam Madhav G. Deo Rita Mulherkar 《Journal of biosciences》1997,22(5):529-536
Enhancing factor (EF), a mouse phospholipase A2 (PLA2), has been purified from the small intestines, based on its ability to increase the binding of epidermal growth factor in
a radioreceptor assay. EF/PLA2 was found to be localized predominantly in the Paneth cells in the small intestines. Whether mouse intestinal EF/PLA2 is identical/similar to mouse secretory PLA2 was to be determined. Phospholipases are known to play a crucial role in the process of inflammation. This paper reports
the presence of trace amounts of EF/PLA2 in the peritoneal exudate cells. Western blot analysis of the acid extracts showed the presence of a 14 kDa immunologically
cross-reactive protein. RT-PCR analysis using EF specific primers amplified a ∼700 bp product which was further confirmed
to be EF-specific by nested PCR analysis and sequencing. Presence of EF in the peritoneal exudate cells could be a unique
mode of transport of growth factor modulator to the site of injury to aid in regeneration/cell proliferation of damaged tissue. 相似文献
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