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21.
Goedkoop AY Kraan MC Picavet DI de Rie MA Teunissen MB Bos JD Tak PP 《Arthritis research & therapy》2004,6(4):R326-R334
Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are inflammatory diseases that respond well to anti-tumour necrosis factor-α therapy. To
evaluate the effects of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α treatment on expression of adhesion molecules and angiogenesis in psoriatic
lesional skin and synovial tissue, we performed a prospective single-centre study with infliximab therapy combined with stable
methotrexate therapy. Eleven patients with both active psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis received infusions of infliximab
(3 mg/kg) at baseline, and at weeks 2, 6, 14 and 22 in an open-label study. In addition, patients continued to receive stable
methotrexate therapy in dosages ranging from 5 to 20 mg/week. Clinical assessments, including Psoriasis Area and Severity
Index (PASI) and Disease Activity Score (DAS), were performed at baseline and every 2 weeks afterward. In addition, skin biopsies
from a target psoriatic plaque and synovial tissue biopsies from a target joint were taken before treatment and at week 4.
Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect the number of blood vessels, the expression of adhesion molecules and
the presence of vascular growth factors. Stained sections were evaluated by digital image analysis. At week 16, the mean PASI
was reduced from 12.3 ± 2.4 at baseline to 1.8 ± 0.4 (P ≤ 0.02). The mean DAS was reduced from 6.0 ± 0.5 to 3.6 ± 0.6 (P ≤ 0.02). We found some fluctuations in DAS response as compared with the change in PASI, with the latter exhibiting a steady
decrease over time. After 4 weeks the cell infiltrate was reduced in both skin and synovium. There was a significant reduction
in the number of blood vessels in dermis and synovium at week 4. A significant reduction in the expression of αvβ3 integrin, a marker of neovascularization, was also found in both skin and synovium at week 4. In addition, a significant
reduction in the expression of adhesion molecules was observed in both skin and synovium at week 4. We also observed a trend
toward reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in both skin and synovium. In conclusion, low-dose infliximab
treatment leads to decreased neoangiogenesis and deactivation of the endothelium, resulting in decreased cell infiltration
and clinical improvement in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. 相似文献
22.
We investigated the antagonism of sevoflurane antinociception by opioid antagonists in the rat formalin test. Formalin injection into the hindpaw of the rat induces the nocifensive flinching behavior and the expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI) in the spinal cord. Sevoflurane significantly suppressed the flinching behavior and decreased the number of Fos-LI neurons in the dorsal horn of spinal cord compared with the control group. Moreover, pretreatment with intraperitoneal naloxone plus naltrexone antagonized the suppression of flinching behavior and the decrease of the number of Fos-LI neurons produced by 3% sevoflurane. Intraperitoneal opioid antagonists themselves had no effects on both the behavior response and the expression of Fos-LI induced by formalin injection. This study supports the hypothesis that sevoflurane suppresses the nociceptive response, at least in part, by activating endogenous opioid systems. 相似文献
23.
Background and aims
Legume species in the fynbos vegetation of the Cape Floristic Region, that fix N2 in soils with low P, may have evolved for enhanced acquisition and efficient use of P. It was hypothesized that N2-fixing and combined-N supplied (N-supplied) A. linearis, P. calyptrata and C. genistoides are adapted to low P and would be relatively unresponsive to increased P of 100 μM.Methods
18 legume species were evaluated for their nodulation response to low P availability. The N X P interaction was then examined in A. linearis, P. calyptrata and C. genistoides reliant on either N2-fixation or 300 μM N (NH4NO3), and receiving 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 μM P (NaH2PO4).Results
In the species selection experiment, A. linearis, P. calyptrata and C. genistoides, with the greatest nodule fresh weight (FW) and nodule FW to root FW ratio, were the most prolific nodulating species. In the N X P experiment, with low P supply, the biomass of N2-fixing P. calyptrata and C. genistoides was consistently greater than that of N-supplied plants. In contrast, with high P supply of 100 μM P, all N-supplied plants accumulated more biomass than the corresponding N2-fixing plants. High P-use efficiency, poor down-regulation of P uptake and P storage was evident in A. linearis and P. calyptrata.Conclusion
The growth response to P and the significant N X P interactions indicate that N2-fixing and N-supplied plants were not adapted to low P, but rather colimited by both N and P. 相似文献24.
25.
26.
Michelle N Knowlton Tongbin Li Yongliang Ren Brent R Bill Lynda BM Ellis Stephen C Ekker 《BMC bioinformatics》2008,9(1):7
Background
The zebrafish is a powerful model vertebrate amenable to high throughput in vivo genetic analyses. Examples include reverse genetic screens using morpholino knockdown, expression-based screening using enhancer trapping and forward genetic screening using transposon insertional mutagenesis. We have created a database to facilitate web-based distribution of data from such genetic studies. 相似文献27.
Loss of phylogenetic information in chorion gene families of Bombyx mori gene conversion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Regier JC; Weigmann BM; Leclerc RF; Friedlander TP 《Molecular biology and evolution》1994,11(1):72-87
The silkmoth chorion has provided a stimulating model for the study of
evolution and developmental regulation of gene families. Previous attempts
at inferring relationships among chorion sequences have been based on
pairwise comparisons of overall similarity, a potentially problematic
approach. To remedy this, we identified the alignable regions of low
sequence variability and then analyzed this restricted database by
parsimony and neighbor-joining methods. At the deepest level, the chorion
sequence tree is split into two branches, called "alpha" and "beta." Within
each branch, early- and late-expressing genes each constitute monophyletic
groups, while the situation with middle-expressing genes remains uncertain.
The HcB gene family appears to be the most basal beta-branch group, but
this conclusion is qualified because the effect of gene conversion on
branching order is unknown. Previous studies by Eickbush and colleagues
have strongly suggested that ErA, HcA, and HcB families undergo gene
conversion within a gene family, whereas the ErB family does not. The
occurrence of conversion correlates with a particular tree structure;
namely, branch lengths are much greater at the base of the family than at
higher internodes and terminal branches. These observations raise the
possibility that chorion gene families are defined by gene conversion
events (reticulate evolution) rather than by descent with modification
(synapomorphy).
相似文献
28.
Y. Mamiya 《Journal of nematology》1988,20(2):219-226
Pine wilt disease induced by the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a great threat to pine forests in Japan. The first occurrence of the disease was reported in Nagasaki, Kyushu. During the 1930s the disease occurrence was extended in 12 prefectures, and in the 1940s the disease was found in 34 prefectures. The annual loss of pine trees increased from 30,000 m³ to 1.2 million m³ during these two decades. The enormous increase in timber loss in the 1970s resulted in 2.4 million m³ of annual loss in 1979. The affected area expanded into 45 prefectures of 47 prefectures in Japan. In cool areas the disease differs in epidemiology from that in heavily infested areas in the warm regions. A national project for controlling pine wilt disease lays special emphasis on the healthy pine forests predominating throughout cool areas in northern Japan. 相似文献
29.
Ingar M Zielinski Marijtje LA Jongsma C Marjolein Baas Pauline BM Aarts Bert Steenbergen 《BMC neurology》2014,14(1):1-9
Background
In a subset of children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) a discrepancy between capacity and performance of the affected upper limb can be observed. This discrepancy is known as Developmental Disregard (DD). Though the phenomenon of DD has been well documented, its underlying cause is still under debate. DD has originally been explained based on principles of operant conditioning. Alternatively, it has been proposed that DD results from a diminished automaticity of movements, resulting in an increased cognitive load when using the affected hand. To investigate the amount of involved cognitive load we studied Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) preceding task-related motor responses during a single-hand capacity and a dual-hand performance task. It was hypothesised that children with DD show alterations related to long-latency ERP components when selecting a response with the affected upper limb, reflecting increased cognitive load in order to generate an adequate response and especially so within the dual-hand task.Methods
Fifteen children with unilateral CP participated in the study. One of the participants was excluded due to major visual impairments. Seven of the remaining participants displayed DD. The other seven children served as a control group. All participants performed two versions of a cue-target paradigm, a single-hand capacity and a dual-hand performance task. The ERP components linked to target presentation were inspected: the mid-latency P2 component and the consecutive long-latency N2b component.Results
In the dual-hand performance task children with DD showed an enhancement in mean amplitude of the long-latency N2b component when selecting a response with their affected hand. No differences were found regarding the amplitude of the mid-latency P2 component. No differences were observed regarding the single-hand capacity task. The control group did not display any differences in ERPs linked to target evaluation processes between both hands.Conclusion
These electrophysiological findings show that DD is associated with increased cognitive load when movements are prepared with the affected hand during a dual-hand performance task. These findings confirm behavioural observations, advance our insights on the neural substrate of DD and have implications for therapy. 相似文献30.
Nicoline BM Voet Gijs Bleijenberg George W Padberg Baziel GM van Engelen Alexander CH Geurts 《BMC neurology》2010,10(1):56