全文获取类型
收费全文 | 450篇 |
免费 | 36篇 |
国内免费 | 32篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 10篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 20篇 |
2012年 | 22篇 |
2011年 | 28篇 |
2010年 | 19篇 |
2009年 | 18篇 |
2008年 | 17篇 |
2007年 | 15篇 |
2006年 | 30篇 |
2005年 | 15篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1963年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1958年 | 3篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
1955年 | 3篇 |
1949年 | 5篇 |
1948年 | 2篇 |
1930年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有518条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
31.
High rate of DNA loss in the Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis species groups 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
We recently proposed that patterns of evolution of non-LTR
retrotransposable elements can be used to study patterns of spontaneous
mutation. Transposition of non-LTR retrotransposable elements commonly
results in creation of 5' truncated, "dead-on-arrival" copies. These
inactive copies are effectively pseudogenes and, according to the neutral
theory, their molecular evolution ought to reflect rates and patterns of
spontaneous mutation. Maximum parsimony can be used to separate the
evolution of active lineages of a non-LTR element from the fate of the
"dead-on-arrival" insertions and to directly assess the relative
frequencies of different types of spontaneous mutations. We applied this
approach using a non-LTR element, Helena, in the Drosophila virilis group
and have demonstrated a surprisingly high incidence of large deletions and
the virtual absence of insertions. Based on these results, we suggested
that Drosophila in general may exhibit a high rate of spontaneous large
deletions and have hypothesized that such a high rate of DNA loss may help
to explain the puzzling dearth of bona fide pseudogenes in Drosophila. We
also speculated that variation in the rate of spontaneous deletion may
contribute to the divergence of genome size in different taxa by affecting
the amount of superfluous "junk" DNA such as, for example, pseudogenes or
long introns. In this paper, we extend our analysis to the D. melanogaster
subgroup, which last shared a common ancestor with the D. virilis group
approximately 40 MYA. In a different region of the same transposable
element, Helena, we demonstrate that inactive copies accumulate deletions
in species of the D. melanogaster subgroup at a rate very similar to that
of the D. virilis group. These results strongly suggest that the high rate
of DNA loss is a general feature of Drosophila and not a peculiar property
of a particular stretch of DNA in a particular species group.
相似文献
32.
Pokidyshev DA Bondarenko NA Malyshev IIu Mikoian VD Kubrina LN Vanin AF Manukhina EB 《Rossi?skii fiziologicheski? zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》1998,84(12):1420-1427
The study has shown that Nw-nitro-L-arginine, a nonselective nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor, in low non-vasoactive doses (10 mg/kg) exerted a protective effect in heat shock as demonstrated by a decrease in the mortality rate and prevention of acute hypotension in rats. The L-NNA in the same dose inhibited the basal NO production but left unaffected a carbachol-activated NO production. The findings suggest a possibility in principle of preferential inhibition of inducible NO-synthase in pathological conditions related to the NO overproduction using non-vasoactive doses of L-NNA the nonselective NO-synthase inhibitor. 相似文献
33.
34.
D. A. Dolgikh A. Yu. Malyshev S. V. Salozhin O. V. Nekrasova L. E. Petrovskaya M. V. Roshchin A. A. Borodinova T. B. Feldman P. M. Balaban M. P. Kirpichnikov M. A. Ostrovsky 《Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics》2015,465(1):424-427
Anionic channelrhodopsin slow ChloC was expressed in the culture of nerve cells and in vivo in mouse brain. We demonstrated ability of slow ChloC to suppress effectively the activity of the neuron in response to the illumination with the visible light. It has been shown for a first time that slow ChloC works equally efficiently in both neuronal culture and in the whole brain being expressed in vivo. Thus, slow ChloC could be considered as an effective optogenetic tool capable in response to light stimulation to inhibit the generation of action potentials in the neuron. 相似文献
35.
LEANDRO AMBRÓSIO CAMPOS HÉLIO RICARDO DA SILVA ANTONIO SEBBEN 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2010,99(4):752-767
We describe the extra bony elements, plates, and osteoderms present in species of the genus Brachycephalus. Samples of eight species of Brachycephalus, including seven populations of Brachycephalus ephippium, were examined. The large additional elements associated with the skull (parotic plate) and vertebrae (vertebral and paravertebral plates) all comprise intramembranous bone, similar to that of the frontoparietal or nasal bones of the skull of most of frogs. Additionally, in the dermis of one unnamed species, we discovered and described true osteoderms. We discuss the morphological nature and diversity of theses elements and their importance as evidence of phylogenetic relationship within Brachycephalus. In summary, three distinct conditions of extra bony elements occur in the genus Brachycephalus: (1) bony plates may be present or absent in species of the genus; (2) a few, small bony plates may be developed and these may be represented by (a) paravertebral plates small and restricted to the distal ends of the transverse processes of the presacral IV, (b) parotic plates small and not covering the tops of the squamosals, and (c) ornamented spinal plates on all vertebrae; and (3) well‐developed bony plates may be present as (a) paravertebral plates forming a ‘bone‐shield’ on the dorsal surface of the trunk, ornamented, and visible through the integument, (b) parotic plates covering the tops of the squamosals, and (c) spinal plates associated with all vertebrae, and ornamented on vertebrate I–VI. Although the phenomenon of miniaturization may be associated with the appearance of new elements in at least some of the species in the genus, the traditional rule may not be universally applicable. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 99 , 752–767. 相似文献
36.
PATRICIA FERNANDES NERES VERÔNICA GOMES DA FONSECA‐GENEVOIS RODRIGO AUGUSTO TORRES MARIANA DA FONSECA CAVALCANTI FRANCISCO JOSÉ VICTOR DE CASTRO NEYVAN RENATO RODRIGUES DA SILVA TANIA TASSINARI RIEGER WILFRIDA DECRAEMER 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2010,158(1):1-15
A new species of Daptonema is described based upon morphological characters and 18S rRNA sequence. Daptonema matrona sp. nov. was collected in Pina Basin (north‐eastern Brazil). It differs from all other species of the genus by the presence of reduced cephalic setae and straight spicules. These features require an adaptation of the generic diagnosis. Moreover, the females are characterized by intra‐uterine development of the offspring, considered herein as their major autapomorphic feature. Molecular systematic analyses supported Daptonema matrona sp. nov. as a distinct genetic and evolutionary lineage. The data also indicate hypotheses of taxonomic synonymies amongst some related taxa from Xyalidae as well as the paraphyly of Daptonema. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 158 , 1–15. 相似文献
37.
Tamkovich NV Malyshev AV Konevets DA Sil'nikov VN Zenkova MA Vlasov VV 《Bioorganicheskaia khimiia》2007,33(2):251-260
The effect of the total positive charge in the RNA-binding domain of chemical ribonucleases that are conjugates of bisquaternary salts of diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and imidazol on the cleavage of an HIV-1 RNA fragment was studied. An increase in the positive charge from +2 to +4 was shown to result in a significant growth in the ribonuclease activity. Possible mechanisms of the interactions between structural moieties of chemical ribonucleases and RNA that enable an effective catalysis of the cleavage of phosphodiester bonds are discussed. 相似文献
38.
ITAYGUARA RIBEIRO DA COSTA ELIANA R. FORNI-MARTINS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2007,155(4):571-580
In Myrtaceae (Myrteae), the diploid chromosome number 2 n = 2 x = 22 is the most common, although variations of ploidy level occur, with some triploid (2 n = 3 x = 33) and tetraploid (2 n = 4 x = 44) records. Karyotype details in this group are scarce because the chromosomes are small (< 2 μm). In this work, we carried out a karyotypic analysis of 15 species of Myrtaceae grouped in different subtribes and genera. Measurements of chromosome length (long arm, L ; short arm, S ) were taken and several karyotypic parameters were calculated for each species. The karyotypes in fleshy-fruited taxa (Myrteae) were more varied than in the other previously analysed dry-fruited group ( Eucalyptus , Eucalypteae), in which the chromosomes were exclusively metacentric. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 155 , 571–580. 相似文献
39.
L. DA S. PONTES J.-F. SOUSSANA† F. LOUAULT D. ANDUEZA‡ P. CARRÈRE 《Functional ecology》2007,21(5):844-853
40.
R. A. Zinchenko G. I. Elchinova N. V. Petrova E. V. Osipova P. Yu. Malyshev A. V. Polyakov E. K. Ginter 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2007,43(8):918-928
Integrated study of the genetic structure of the Udmurt population with respect to different genetic systems has been performed. Data on the genes of genetic diseases, abiotic parameters analyzed by population statistic methods, and DNA polymorphism are summarized. The populations of six raions (districts) of Udmurt Republic (the Mozhga, Malaya Purga, Sharkan, Debesy, Igra, and Glazov raions) have been studied. The total population studied was 267 655 people (an urban population of 150 119 people and a rural population of 117 536 people), including 155 346 Udmurts. The population structure has been studied in six districts on the basis of the vital statistics, Crow’s indices, Malecot’s isolation by distance parameters, ethnically assortative marriage parameters, endogamy indices, inbreeding-endogamy (ie) indices, and frequencies of the genotype and allele frequencies of four DNA markers (17 alleles). The prevalences of hereditary diseases have been calculated for different population groups: urban and rural populations, Udmurts and other ethnic groups. These groups, especially the urban and rural populations, substantially differed from one another in the prevalences of autosomal dominant (AD) and autosomal recessive (AR) diseases. The correlation between the prevalence of AD and AR diseases and the ie index is positive and significant. The spectrum of hereditary diseases detected in six districts of Udmurtia comprises 149 diseases (80, 57, and 12 AD, AR, and X-linked diseases, respectively). Accumulation of individual diseases in districts of Udmurtia and accumulation of diseases in Udmurtia as compared to regions studied earlier has been found. Cluster analysis of the frequencies of genes of AD and AR diseases and DNA markers has determined the gene geographic position of Udmurts. 相似文献