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11.
Vinolo MA Rodrigues HG Festuccia WT Crisma AR Alves VS Martins AR Amaral CL Fiamoncini J Hirabara SM Sato FT Fock RA Malheiros G dos Santos MF Curi R 《American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism》2012,303(2):E272-E282
The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with tributyrin (Tb; a butyrate prodrug) results in protection against diet-induced obesity and associated insulin resistance. C57BL/6 male mice fed a standard chow or high-fat diet were treated with Tb (2 g/kg body wt, 10 wk) and evaluated for glucose homeostasis, plasma lipid profile, and inflammatory status. Tb protected mice against obesity and obesity-associated insulin resistance and dyslipidemia without food consumption being affected. Tb attenuated the production of TNFα and IL-1β by peritoneal macrophages and their expression in adipose tissue. Furthermore, in the adipose tissue, Tb reduced the expression of MCP-1 and infiltration by leukocytes and restored the production of adiponectin. These effects were associated with a partial reversion of hepatic steatosis, reduction in liver and skeletal muscle content of phosphorylated JNK, and an improvement in muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and Akt signaling. Although part of the beneficial effects of Tb are likely to be secondary to the reduction in body weight, we also found direct protective actions of butyrate reducing TNFα production after LPS injection and in vitro by LPS- or palmitic acid-stimulated macrophages and attenuating lipolysis in vitro and in vivo. The results, reported herein, suggest that Tb may be useful for the treatment and prevention of obesity-related metabolic disorders. 相似文献
12.
JINDŘIŠKA BOJKOVÁ KLÁRA KOMPRDOVÁ TOMÁŠ SOLDÁN SVĚTLANA ZAHRÁDKOVÁ 《Freshwater Biology》2012,57(12):2550-2567
1. Rapid expansion and intensification of anthropogenic activities in the 20th century has caused profound changes in freshwater assemblages. Unfortunately, knowledge of the extent and causes of species loss (SL) is limited due to the lack of reliable historical data. An unusual data set allows us to compare changes in the most sensitive of aquatic insect orders, the Plecoptera, at some 170 locations in the Czech Republic between two time periods, 1955–1960 and 2006–2010. Historical data (1890–1911) on assemblages of six lowland rivers allow us to infer even earlier changes. 2. Regional stonefly diversity decreased in the first half of the 20th century. Streams at lower altitudes lost a substantial number of species, which were never recovered. In the second half of the century, large‐scale anthropogenic pressure caused SL in all habitats, leading to a dissimilarity of contemporary and previous assemblages. The greatest changes were found at sites affected by organic pollution and a mixture of organic pollution and channelisation or impoundment. Colonisation of new habitats was observed in only three of the 80 species evaluated. 3. Species of moderate habitat specialisation and tolerance to organic pollution were most likely to be lost. Those with narrow specialisations in protected habitats were present in both historical and contemporary collections. 4. Contemporary assemblages are the consequence of more than a 100 years of anthropogenic impacts. In particular, streams at lower altitude and draining intensively exploited landscapes host a mere fragment of the original species complement. Most stonefly species are less frequently present than before, although their assemblages remain almost intact in near‐natural mountain streams. Our analyses demonstrate dramatic restriction of species ranges and, in some cases, apparent changes in altitudinal preference throughout the area. 相似文献
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14.
Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with better endothelial function: a cross sectional study
Keiko Suzuki Mitchell SV Elkind Bernadette Boden-Albala Zhezhen Jin Grace Berry Marco R Di Tullio Ralph L Sacco Shunichi Homma 《BMC cardiovascular disorders》2009,9(1):1-5
Background
Natural heterologous valved conduits with a diameter greater than 22 mm that can be used for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in adults are not commercially available. The purpose of this study was to measure by ultrasonography the maximum diameter of the distended jugular veins of horses and cattle, respectively, to identify a population of animals that would be suitable for post-mortem collection of jugular veins at sizes greater than 22 mm.Methods
The study population included 60 Warmblood horses, 25 Freiberger horses, 20 Brown Swiss cows, and 20 Holstein cows (including 10 Holstein and 10 Red Holstein). The maximum cross-sectional diameter of the distended jugular veins was measured at a location half-way between the mandibular angle and the thoracic inlet. The thoracic circumference (heart girth length) was used as a surrogate of body size. The jugular vein diameters of the different populations were compared by analysis of variance and the association between heart girth length and jugular vein diameter was determined in each of the four study populations by linear regression analysis.Results
There was considerable individual variation of jugular vein diameters within each of the four study populations. There was no statistically significant relationship between thoracic circumference and jugular vein diameter in any of the populations. The jugular vein diameters of Brown Swiss cows were significantly larger than those of any of the other populations. Warmblood horses had significantly larger jugular vein diameters compared to Freiberger horses.Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that the production of bovine or equine xenografts with diameters of greater than 22 mm would be feasible. Differences between species and breeds need to be considered. However, prediction of the jugular vein diameter based on breed and heart girth length in an individual animal is inaccurate. 相似文献15.
Milan Eveline Pípolo Malheiros Estella Starling Fischman Olga Colombo Arnaldo Lopes 《Mycopathologia》1997,137(3):153-157
In the last decade the number of systemic yeast infections has increased significantly. Although Candida albicans is the most
frequently isolated yeast from clinical specimens, the emergence of non-albicans species has clearly been a recent concern.
As a consequence, there is a greater need for rapid and accurate methods for yeast identification. The aim of this study was
to evaluate the performance of the AUXACOLOR system (Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur) for the identification of clinically relevant
yeasts, as compared with the conventional method. Yeast isolates (n = 97) belonging to 12 species were identified by the commercial
system and the classic method. Correct identifications were obtained by using AUXACOLOR system in 79.4% of the isolates tested.
Misidentification occurred in 5.2% of the strains and 15.5% were not identified due to a failure in the manufacturer's data
base. In order to improve its accuracy, there is a need for expanding the database or revamping the tests included in the
system.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Comparisons of the molecular evolutionary process at rbcL and ndhF in the grass family (Poaceae) 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
We examine rate heterogeneity among evolutionary lineages of the grass
family at two plasmid loci, ndhF and rbcL, and we introduce a method to
determine whether patterns of rate heterogeneity are correlated between
loci. We show both that rates of synonymous evolution are heterogeneous
among grass lineages and that are heterogeneity is correlated between loci
at synonymous sites. At nonsynonymous sites, the pattern of rate
heterogeneity is not correlated between loci, primarily due to an aberrant
pattern of rate heterogeneity at nonsynonymous sites of rbcL. We compare
patterns of synonymous rate heterogeneity to predictors based on the
generation time effect and the speciation rate hypotheses. Although there
is some evidence for generation time effects, neither generation time
effects nor speciation rates appear to be sufficient to explain patterns of
rate heterogeneity in the grass plastid sequences.
相似文献
17.
F. S. Lima N. P. Stamford C. S. Sousa M. A. Lira Junior S. M. M. Malheiros P. van Straaten 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(10):1769-1775
Free living diazotrophic bacteria are known to enrich nitrogen of organic matter sources. In this paper we report of experiments
using rock biofertilizers mixed with two types of organic matter (earthworm compound and ice cream waste) inoculated with
free living diazotrophic bacteria. The earthworm compound and P and K biofertilizers were mixed to form substrates S1 (earthworm compound 3 dm3 + PK biofertilizer 1 dm3 and waste ice cream 1 dm3); S2 (earthworm compound 2.5 dm3 + PK biofertilizer 1.5 dm3 and waste ice cream 1 dm3L) and S3 earthworm compound 2.0 dm3 + PK biofertilizer 2.0 dm3 and waste ice cream 1 dm3), and subsequently inoculated (100 mL pot−1) with 3 free living diazotrophic bacteria isolated from different Brazilian soils. The control was an uninoculated earthworm
compound. Samples were collected at various incubation time (0; 15; 30 and 45 days) and analyzed for total N. Total N concentrations
were highest in S1, S2 and S3 substrates at 34, 27 and 29 days, respectively. The isolate NFB 1001 increased total N in all substrates and the best results
were obtained at 34 days in S1 substrate which contained the highest amount of earthworm compound. The isolates promoted a decline in N content after 30 days
of growth, indicating the best time to produce the organic biofertilizer. The organic biofertilizer enriched in nitrogen by
free living diazotrophic bacteria is of relevance to organic agriculture. 相似文献
18.
Aquino LP Machado RZ Alessi AC Marques LC de Castro MB Malheiros EB 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》1999,94(2):255-260
This research investigated the pattern of antibody response by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) through the course of experimental Trypanosoma evansi infection in dogs. Clinical and parasitological features were also studied. The average prepatent period was 11.2 days and parasitaemia showed an undulating course. Biometrical study of parasites revealed a mean total length of 21.68mm. The disease was characterized by intermittent fever closely related to the degree of parasitaemia and main clinical signs consisted of pallor of mucous membrane, edema, progressive emaciation and enlargement of palpable lymph nodes. Diagnostic antibody was detected within 12 to 15 days and 15 to 19 days of infection by IFAT and Elisa, respectively. High and persistent antibody levels were detected by both tests and appeared not to correlate with control of parasitaemia 相似文献
19.
Malheiros SV Pinto LM Gottardo L Yokaichiya DK Fraceto LF Meirelles NC de Paula E 《Biophysical chemistry》2004,110(3):623-221
The interaction of local anesthetics (LA) with biological and phospholipid bilayers was investigated regarding the contribution of their structure and physicochemical properties to membrane partition and to erythrocyte solubilization. We measured the partition into phospholipid vesicles—at pH 5.0 and 10.5—and the biphasic hemolytic effect on rat erythrocytes of: benzocaine, chloroprocaine, procaine, tetracaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, lidocaine, prilocaine, and dibucaine. At pH 7.4, the binding of uncharged and charged LA to the membranes was considered, since it results in an ionization constant (pKapp) different from that observed for the anesthetic in the aqueous phase (pKw). Even though it occurred at a pH at which there is a predominance of the charged species, hemolysis was greatly influenced by the uncharged species, revealing that the disrupting effect of LA on these membranes is mainly a consequence of hydrophobic interactions. The correlation between the hemolytic activity and the LA potency shows that hemolytic experiments could be used for the prediction of activity in the development of new LA molecules. 相似文献
20.
Fanelli C Fernandes BH Machado FG Okabe C Malheiros DM Fujihara CK Zatz R 《American journal of physiology. Renal physiology》2011,301(3):F580-F587
We recently standardized a model (L(Lact)) of severe chronic kidney disease based on impaired nephrogenesis by suppression of angiotensin II activity during lactation (Machado FG, Poppi EP, Fanelli C, Malheiros DM, Zatz R, Fujihara CK. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 294: F1345-F1353, 2008). In this new study of the L(Lact) model, we sought to gain further insight into renal injury mechanisms associated with this model and to verify whether the renoprotection obtained with the association of the angiotensin II receptor blocker losartan (L) and hydrochlorothiazide (H), which arrested renal injury in the remnant kidney model, would provide similar renoprotection. Twenty Munich-Wistar dams, each nursing six pups, were divided into control, untreated, and L(Lact) groups, given losartan (L; 250 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) until weaning. The male L(Lact) offspring remained untreated until 7 mo of age, when renal functional and structural parameters were studied in 17 of them, used as pretreatment control (L(Lact)Pre), and followed no further. The remaining rats were then divided among groups L(Lact)+V, untreated; L(Lact)+L, given L (50 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) now as a therapy; L(Lact)+H, given H (6 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)); and L(Lact)+LH, given L and H. All parameters were reassessed 3 mo later in these groups and in age-matched controls. At this time, L(Lact) rats exhibited hypertension, severe albuminuria, glomerular damage, marked interstitial expansion/inflammation, enhanced cell proliferation, myofibroblast infiltration, and creatinine retention. L monotherapy normalized albuminuria and prevented hypertension and the progression of renal injury, inflammation, and myofibroblast infiltration. In contrast to the remnant model, the LH combination promoted only slight additional renoprotection, perhaps because of a limited tendency to retain sodium in L(Lact) rats. 相似文献