全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7057篇 |
免费 | 324篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
7389篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 71篇 |
2020年 | 42篇 |
2019年 | 66篇 |
2018年 | 101篇 |
2017年 | 82篇 |
2016年 | 117篇 |
2015年 | 199篇 |
2014年 | 257篇 |
2013年 | 518篇 |
2012年 | 415篇 |
2011年 | 431篇 |
2010年 | 273篇 |
2009年 | 286篇 |
2008年 | 465篇 |
2007年 | 449篇 |
2006年 | 440篇 |
2005年 | 493篇 |
2004年 | 474篇 |
2003年 | 450篇 |
2002年 | 419篇 |
2001年 | 74篇 |
2000年 | 73篇 |
1999年 | 69篇 |
1998年 | 98篇 |
1997年 | 77篇 |
1996年 | 81篇 |
1995年 | 82篇 |
1994年 | 50篇 |
1993年 | 61篇 |
1992年 | 58篇 |
1991年 | 49篇 |
1990年 | 40篇 |
1989年 | 43篇 |
1988年 | 33篇 |
1987年 | 43篇 |
1986年 | 32篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 35篇 |
1983年 | 30篇 |
1982年 | 43篇 |
1981年 | 31篇 |
1980年 | 22篇 |
1979年 | 28篇 |
1978年 | 28篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1976年 | 21篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有7389条查询结果,搜索用时 8 毫秒
121.
122.
Makoto Higurashi Kumiko Iijima Norihiko Ishikawa Hiroki Hoshina Nobuo Watanabe 《Human genetics》1979,46(2):163-172
Summary In order to ascertain the frequency of chromosome aberrations among newborn infants in Japan, a chromosome survey of a large number of newborn infants is in progress. A consecutive series of 12,319 newborn babies, 6382 male and 5937 female, have been screened for clinical manifestations of autosomal aberrations and for sex chromatin and sex chromosome aberrations. Chromosome studies were carried out on 694 infants with suspected chromosome aberrations. The clinically abnormal infants were screened by conventional staining, and banding techniques have been used in the part of the study performed since 1974. Of the clincally abnormal infants, 25 had abnormal karyotypes, including two males with a 47,XXY complement, one female with a 45,X complement, three male infants with a 47,XYY complement, two with trisomy 13 syndrome, three with trisomy 18 (including one case of mosaicism), eleven with Down's syndrome (including one case of mosaicism), one with B5p partial trisomy, one with cri-du-chat syndrome, and one with Y/D translocation. The overall results are comparable to those of previous population cytogenetic studies only in the autosomal trisomies and sex chromosome abnormalities and in that the observed frequencies were comparable to those found in studies in Caucasians.To whom offprint requests should be sent 相似文献
123.
Kenji Katagiri Toshihiko Takeuchi Keiko Taniguchi Makoto Sasaki 《Analytical biochemistry》1978,86(1):159-165
Pancreatic elastase was isolated from acetone powder of porcine pancreas by a one step purification procedure on a trialanyl CH-Sepharose 4B affinity column. This column exhibited affinity not only for active elastase but also for trypsin and chymotrypsin which were present in the same pancreatic powder. However, as the extent of affinity toward elastase is considerably higher, the proper conditions were determined with which the adsorbed elastase was isolated in a highly purified form. The yield of elastolytic activity ranged from 60–85% and the purified elastase was shown to be one component by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. 相似文献
124.
2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-5-thio-d-glucopyranose (12) has been synthesized from methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-5,6-O-isopropylidene-β-d-glucofuranoside (1). Benzoylation of 1, followed by O-deisopropylidenation, gave methyl 2-acetamido-3-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-β-d-glucofuranoside, which was converted, via selective benzoylation and mesylation, into methyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-5-O-mesyl-β-d-glucofuranoside (5). Treatment of 6, formed by the action of sodium methoxide in chloroform on 5, with thiourea gave methyl 2-acetamido-2,5,6-trideoxy-5,6-epithio-β-d-glucofuranoside (7), which was converted into the 5-thio compound 9 by cleavage of the epithio ring in 7 with potassium acetate. Alkaline treatment of 10, derived from 9 by hydrolysis, afforded the title compound. Evidence in support of the structures assigned to the new derivatives is presented. 相似文献
125.
126.
Yutaka Suzuki Yoshiteru Harada Akinori Ueno Makoto Katori Haruya Okabe 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1986,32(3)
Filling of the gastric lumen of rats with 1.0 M NaCl solution (5 ml) for 10 min under urethane anesthesia caused an increase in the gastric fluid concentrations of prostaglandin (PG) E2, 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1α as determined by radioimmunoassay. PGE2 was the major PG generated. The levels of PGE2 in the gastric fluid were increased dose-dependently after filling the lumen with 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 or 1.0 M NaCl solutions. The pH of the gastric fluid increased similarly after 0.5 to 1.0 M NaCl solutions. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) suppressed the PGE2 increase caused by 1.0 M NaCl solution, but did not prevent the increase of the pH of the gastric fluid induced by intragastric 1.0 M NaCl. Infusion of tetragastrin (62.5 μg/kg/hr, i.v., for 10 min) caused a marked increase of acid secretion without modifying intragastic concentration of PGE2. The acid secretion due to tetragastrin was completely inhibited after intragastric administration of 1.0 M NaCl solution, while indomethacin restored the tetragastrin-induced acid secretion, with prevention of a rise of intragastric PGE2 levels. These observations suggest that 1.0 M NaCl solutions suppress basal intragastric acid through a mechanism which is independent of prostaglandins. In contrast, the suppression of tetragastrin-induced acid secretion by intragastric 1.0 M NaCl solution appears to be mediated through a release of prostaglandins 相似文献
127.
Stabilization of quaternary structure and activity of bovine liver catalase through encapsulation in liposomes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Makoto Yoshimoto Hideyuki Sakamoto Noriko Yoshimoto Ryoichi Kuboi Katsumi Nakao 《Enzyme and microbial technology》2007,41(6-7):849-858
Bovine liver catalase was encapsulated in an aqueous phase of the phospholipid vesicle (liposome) to improve the stability of its tetrameric structure and activity. The catalase-containing liposomes (CALs) prepared were 30, 50 and 100 nm in mean diameters (CAL30, CAL50 and CAL100, respectively). The CAL100 included the types I, II and III based on the amounts of catalase encapsulated. The CAL30, CAL50 and CAL100-I contained one catalase molecule per liposome, and the CAL100-II and CAL100-III on average 5.2 and 17 molecules, respectively. The storage stability of catalase in either CAL system was significantly increased compared to that of free catalase at 4 °C in a buffer of pH 7.4. At 55 °C, free catalase was much more deactivated especially with decreasing its concentration predominantly due to enhanced dissociation of catalase into subunits while it was so done at excessively high enzyme concentration mainly due to enhanced formation of catalase intermolecular aggregates. Among the three types of CAL100, the CAL100-II showed the highest thermal stability, indicating that an excess amount of catalase in the CAL100-III was also disadvantageous to maintain an active form of the catalase even in liposome. In the CAL100-III, however, the stability of catalase was significantly improved compared to that of free catalase at the same concentration. The CAL thermal stability was little affected by the liposome size as observed in the CAL30, CAL50 and CAL100-I. An intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the catalase recovered from the CAL100-II thermally treated at 55 °C revealed that a partially denatured catalase molecule was stabilized through its hydrophobic interaction with liposome membrane. This interaction depressed not only dissociation of catalase into subunits but also formation of an inactive intermolecular aggregate between the catalase molecules in a liposome. Furthermore, either type of CAL100 showed a higher stability than free catalase in the successive decompositions of 10 mM H2O2 at 25 °C mainly because the H2O2 concentration was kept low inside liposomes due to the permeation barrier of the lipid membrane to H2O2. 相似文献
128.
Detection of Short Protein Coding Regions within the Cyanobacterium Genome: Application of the Hidden Markov Model 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The gene-finding programs developed so far have not paid muchattention to the detection of short protein coding regions (CDSs).However, the detection of short CDSs is important for the studyof photosynthesis. We utilized GeneHacker, a gene-finding programbased on the hidden Markov model (HMM), to detect short CDSs(from 90 to 300 bases) in a 1.0 mega contiguous sequence ofcyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 which carriesa complete set of genes for oxygenic photosynthesis. GeneHackerdiffers from other gene-finding programs based on the HMM inthat it utilizes di-codon statistics as well. GeneHacker successfullydetected seven out of the eight short CDSs annotated in thissequence and was clearly superior to GeneMark in this rangeof length. GeneHacker detected 94 potentially new CDSs, 9 ofwhich have counterparts in the genetic databases. Four of thenine CDSs were less than 150 bases and were photosynthesis-relatedgenes. The results show the effectiveness of GeneHacker in detectingvery short CDSs corresponding to genes. 相似文献
129.
Takuya Tsunoda Hiroshi Tanimura Hiroki Yamaue Makoto Iwahashi Masaji Tani Mikoko Tamai Kazuo Arii Kohei Noguchi 《Biotherapy》1992,4(1):9-15
In adoptive immunotherapy, the number of effector cells is one of the major factors relating to the therapeutic efficacy. We demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were stimulated to proliferate by incubation with interleukin 2 (IL-2) plus interleukin 4 (IL-4). TILs cultured with IL-2 plus IL-4 increased 3.1-fold more than TILs cultured with IL-2 alone. However, IL-4 did not alter the cytotoxic activity of TILs against autologous tumor cells and established tumor cell lines. It is suggested that IL-2 receptor is related to the mechanism of the proliferation of activated TILs cultured by combination with IL-2 and IL-4. Thus, the combination of IL-2 and IL-4 may increase the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy using activated TILs. 相似文献
130.
Nomura M Katayama K Nishimura A Ishida Y Ohta S Komari T Miyao-Tokutomi M Tajima S Matsuoka M 《Plant molecular biology》2000,44(1):99-106
The small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), encoded by rbcS, is essential for photosynthesis in both C3 and C4 plants, even though the cell specificity of rbcS expression is different between C3 and C4 plants. The C3 rbcS is specifically expressed in mesophyll cells, while the C4 rbcS is expressed in bundle sheath cells, and not mesophyll cells. Two chimeric genes were constructed consisting of the structural gene encoding -glucuronidase (GUS) controlled by the two promoters from maize (C4) and rice (C3) rbcS genes. These constructs were introduced into a C4 plant, maize. Both chimeric genes were specifically expressed in photosynthetic organs, such as leaf blade, but not in non-photosynthetic organs. The expressions of the genes were also regulated by light. However, the rice promoter drove the GUS activity mainly in mesophyll cells and relatively low in bundle sheath cells, while the maize rbcS promoter induced the activity specifically in bundle sheath cells. These results suggest that the rice promoter contains some cis-acting elements responding in an organ-pecific and light-inducible regulation manner in maize but does not contain element(s) for bundle sheath cell-specific expression, while the maize promoter does contain such element(s). Based on this result, we discuss the similarities and differences between the rice (C3) and maize (C4) rbcS promoter in terms of the evolution of the C4 photosynthetic gene. 相似文献