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351.
Ai Koizumi Norimichi Kitagawa Hirohito M. Kondo Miho S. Kitamura Takao Sato Makio Kashino 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Previous studies have demonstrated that the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) affects the recognition of facial expressions and attention to them. However, the relationship between 5-HTTLPR and the perceptual detection of others'' facial expressions, the process which takes place prior to emotional labeling (i.e., recognition), is not clear. To examine whether the perceptual detection of emotional facial expressions is influenced by the allelic variation (short/long) of 5-HTTLPR, happy and sad facial expressions were presented at weak and mid intensities (25% and 50%). Ninety-eight participants, genotyped for 5-HTTLPR, judged whether emotion in images of faces was present. Participants with short alleles showed higher sensitivity (d′) to happy than to sad expressions, while participants with long allele(s) showed no such positivity advantage. This effect of 5-HTTLPR was found at different facial expression intensities among males and females. The results suggest that at the perceptual stage, a short allele enhances the processing of positive facial expressions rather than that of negative facial expressions. 相似文献
352.
Mimuro M Akimoto S Tomo T Yokono M Miyashita H Tsuchiya T 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2007,1767(4):327-334
The excited-state dynamics of delayed fluorescence in photosystem (PS) II at 77 K were studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and decay analysis on three samples with different antenna sizes: PS II particles and the PS II reaction center from spinach, and the PS II core complexes from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Delayed fluorescence in the nanosecond time region originated from the 683-nm component in all three samples, even though a slight variation in lifetimes was detected from 15 to 25 ns. The relative amplitude of the delayed fluorescence was higher when the antenna size was smaller. Energy transfer from the 683-nm pigment responsible for delayed fluorescence to antenna pigment(s) at a lower energy level was not observed in any of the samples examined. This indicated that the excited state generated by charge recombination was not shared with antenna pigments under the low-temperature condition, and that delayed fluorescence originates directly from the PS II reaction center, either from chlorophyll a(D1) or P680. Supplemental data on delayed fluorescence from spinach PS I complexes are included. 相似文献
353.
Regulation of vitellogenin genes in insects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Muhammad Tufail Yoshiki Nagaba Azza Mohamed Elgendy Makio Takeda 《Entomological Science》2014,17(3):269-282
354.
Jiro Harada Tadashi Mizoguchi Yusuke Tsukatani Makio Yokono Ayumi Tanaka Hitoshi Tamiaki 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(18):12716-12726
Bacteriochlorophyll a is widely distributed among anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. In bacteriochlorophyll a biosynthesis, the reduction of the C8 vinyl group in 8-vinyl-chlorophyllide a is catalyzed to produce chlorophyllide a by an 8-vinyl reductase called divinyl reductase (DVR), which has been classified into two types, BciA and BciB. However, previous studies demonstrated that mutants lacking the DVR still synthesize normal bacteriochlorophyll a with the C8 ethyl group and suggested the existence of an unknown “third” DVR. Meanwhile, we recently observed that chlorophyllide a oxidoreductase (COR) of a purple bacterium happened to show the 8-vinyl reduction of 8-vinyl-chlorophyllide a in vitro. In this study, we made a double mutant lacking BciA and COR of the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides in order to investigate whether the mutant still produces pigments with the C8 ethyl group or if COR actually works as the third DVR. The single mutant deleting BciA or COR showed production of the C8 ethyl group pigments, whereas the double mutant accumulated 8-vinyl-chlorophyllide, indicating that there was no enzyme other than BciA and COR functioning as the unknown third DVR in Rhodobacter sphaeroides (note that this bacterium has no bciB gene). Moreover, some COR genes derived from other groups of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria were introduced into the double mutant, and all of the complementary strains produced normal bacteriochlorophyll a. This observation indicated that COR of these bacteria performs two functions, reductions of the C8 vinyl group and the C7=C8 double bond, and that such an activity is probably conserved in the widely ranging groups. 相似文献
355.
356.
357.
Makio Kobayashi 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2003,8(6):322-330
The unicellular green algaHaematococcus pluvialis has recently attracted great interest due to its large amounts of ketocarotenoid astaxanthin, 3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione,
widely used commercially as a source of pigment for aquaculture. In the life cycle ofH. pluvialis, astaxanthin biosynthesis is associated with a remarkable morphological change from green motile vegetative cells into red
immotile cyst cells as the resting stage. In recent years we have studied this morphological process from two aspects: defining
conditions governing astaxanthin biosynthesis and questioning the possible function of astaxanthin in protecting algal cells
against environmental stress. Astaxanthin accumulation in cysts was induced by a variety of environmental conditions of oxidative
stress caused by reactive oxygen species, intense light, drought, high salinity, and high temperature. In the adaptation to
stress, abscisic acid induced by reactive oxygen species, would function as a hormone in algal morphogenesis from vegetative
to cyst cells. Furthermore, measurements of bothin vitro andin vivo antioxidative activities of astaxanthin clearly demonstrated that tolerance to excessive reactive oxygen species is greater
in astaxanthin-rich cysts than in astaxanthin-poor cysts or astaxanthin-less vegetative genesis and carotenogenesis, and the
accumulated astaxanthin in cysts can function as a protective agent against oxidative stress damage. In this study, the physiological
roles of astaxanthin in stress response and cell protection are reviewed. 相似文献
358.
In insects, trophocytes (adipocytes) are major cells of a storage organ, the fat body, from which stored glycogen and lipids are mobilized under starvation. However, cockroaches have 2 additional types of cell in the fat body: mycetocytes harboring an endosymbiont, Blattabacterium cuenoti, and urocytes depositing uric acid in urate vacuoles. These cells have not been investigated in terms of their roles under starvation conditions. To gain insight into the roles of trophocytes, mycetocytes and urocytes in cockroaches, structural changes were first investigated in the cells associated with starvation in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, by light and electron microscopy. The area of lipid droplets in trophocytes, the endosymbiont population and mitotic activity in mycetocytes, and the area of urate vacuoles in urocytes were analyzed in association with survival rates of the starved cockroaches. After 2 weeks of starvation, trophocytes lost glycogen rosettes and their area of lipid droplets decreased, but almost all cockroaches survived this period. However, further starvation did not reduce the area, but the survival rates dropped rapidly and all cockroaches died in 7 weeks. Endosymbionts were not affected in terms of population size and mitotic activity, even if the cockroaches were dying. The area of urate vacuoles rapidly decreased in a week of starvation and did not recover upon further starvation. These results indicate that starved cockroaches mobilize glycogen and lipids stored in trophocytes to survive for 2 weeks and then die after the exhaustion of nutrients in these cells. Endosymbionts are not digested for the recycling of nutrients, but uric acid is reused under starvation. 相似文献
359.
Thein vitro subcultivation of some microorganisms for long periods causes measurable loss of their pathogenicity, which can be reverted by reisolation from infected hosts. We compared the pathogenicity and thein vitro growth pattern of oneP. brasiliensis isolate (Pb 18) in its yeast phase, using the following samples: 1) The original pathogenic Pb 18 (OP). 2) Pb 18 attenuated by continuousin vitro subcultivation (AT). 3) Pb 18 (AT) reisolated from susceptible B 10.A mice (RS). 4) Pb 18 (AT) reisolated from resistant A/SN mice (RR). Pathogenicity was evaluated by anatomopathology and mortality of mice infected i.p. with 5×106 fungi. Median survival times of mice infected with OP ranged from 74 to 117 days during the first 51 months of subculturing; with more cycles of subculturing the median survival time increased, reaching 250 days at the 64th month. This indicated decreasing virulence of OP during this period of subculturing. Survival of mice infected with RS and RR was respectively 112 and 123 days, which is similar to the behavior of the OP variant. Thein vitro growth curve profile of RR showed significantly higher numbers of total and viable yeasts than the other studied variant. These results show that: 1) Pb 18 isolate loses its pathogenicity by continuous subcultivation. This phenomenon is reverted by reisolation from mice, independently from their susceptibility to the fungus; 2) thein vitro growth patterns of Pb 18 do not correlate with alterations in pathogenicity but are influenced by the host's environment. 相似文献
360.
Nagao Ryo Ueno Yoshifumi Yokono Makio Shen Jian-Ren Akimoto Seiji 《Photosynthesis research》2019,140(3):355-369
Photosynthesis Research - Photosynthesis starts when a pigment in the photosynthetic antennae absorbs a photon. The electronic excitation energy is then transferred through the network of... 相似文献