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31.
32.
V Gallo JP Mackenbach M Ezzati G Menvielle AE Kunst S Rohrmann R Kaaks B Teucher H Boeing MM Bergmann A Tjønneland SO Dalton K Overvad ML Redondo A Agudo A Daponte L Arriola C Navarro AB Gurrea KT Khaw N Wareham T Key A Naska A Trichopoulou D Trichopoulos G Masala S Panico P Contiero R Tumino HB Bueno-de-Mesquita PD Siersema PP Peeters S Zackrisson M Almquist S Eriksson G Hallmans G Skeie T Braaten E Lund AK Illner T Mouw E Riboli P Vineis 《PloS one》2012,7(7):e39013
Background
Socio-economic inequalities in mortality are observed at the country level in both North America and Europe. The purpose of this work is to investigate the contribution of specific risk factors to social inequalities in cause-specific mortality using a large multi-country cohort of Europeans.Methods
A total of 3,456,689 person/years follow-up of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) was analysed. Educational level of subjects coming from 9 European countries was recorded as proxy for socio-economic status (SES). Cox proportional hazard model''s with a step-wise inclusion of explanatory variables were used to explore the association between SES and mortality; a Relative Index of Inequality (RII) was calculated as measure of relative inequality.Results
Total mortality among men with the highest education level is reduced by 43% compared to men with the lowest (HR 0.57, 95% C.I. 0.52–0.61); among women by 29% (HR 0.71, 95% C.I. 0.64–0.78). The risk reduction was attenuated by 7% in men and 3% in women by the introduction of smoking and to a lesser extent (2% in men and 3% in women) by introducing body mass index and additional explanatory variables (alcohol consumption, leisure physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake) (3% in men and 5% in women). Social inequalities were highly statistically significant for all causes of death examined in men. In women, social inequalities were less strong, but statistically significant for all causes of death except for cancer-related mortality and injuries.Discussion
In this European study, substantial social inequalities in mortality among European men and women which cannot be fully explained away by accounting for known common risk factors for chronic diseases are reported. 相似文献33.
Bioaugmentation and coexistence of two functionally similar bacterial strains in aerobic granules 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The survival of the inoculated microbial culture is critical for successful bioaugmentation but impossible to predict precisely.
As an alternative strategy, bioaugmentation of a group of microorganisms may improve reliability of bioaugmentation. This
study evaluated simultaneous bioaugmentation of two functionally similar bacterial strains in aerobic granules. The two strains,
Pandoraea sp. PG-01 and Rhodococcus erythropolis PG-03, showed high phenol degradation and growth rates in phenol medium, but they were characterized as having a poor aggregation
activity and weak bioflocculant-producing and biofilm-forming abilities. In the spatially homogeneous batch conditions, strain
PG-01 with higher growth rates outcompeted strain PG-03. However, the two strains could stably coexist in the spatially heterogeneous
conditions. Then the two strains were mixed and bioaugmented into activated sludge in two sequencing batch reactors, which
were operated with the different settling times of 5 and 30 min, respectively. Aerobic granules were developed only in the
reactor with a settling time of 5 min. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed
that the two strains could coexist in aerobic granules but not in activated sludge. These findings suggested that the compact
structure of aerobic granules provided spatial isolation for coexistence of competitively superior and inferior strains with
similar functions. 相似文献
34.
Najmeh Jaberi Atena Soleimani Mehran Pashirzad Hosein Abdeahad Fariba Mohammadi Mahdieh Khoshakhlagh Majid Khazaei Gordon A Ferns Amir Avan Seyed Mahdi Hassanian 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2019,120(4):4757-4765
Atherosclerosis is an arterial disease associated with inflammation. Thrombin is a procoagulant and proinflammatory serine protease that contributes to the pathology of atherosclerosis by enhancing the expression of cell adhesion molecules, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, activating inflammatory responses in atherosclerotic plaques, stimulating proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells, and exacerbating vascular lesions at sites of injury. Hence, thrombin appears to be an important target for treatment of atherosclerosis and thrombin pharmacological inhibitors have significant therapeutic potency for suppressing inflammatory responses in cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the proinflammatory signaling functions of thrombin as well as the therapeutic potency of thrombin inhibitors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and hence their potential therapeutic value in this condition. 相似文献
35.
Atena Soleimani Farzad Rahmani Nikoo Saeedi Rana Ghaffarian Majid Khazaei Gordon A. Ferns Amir Avan Seyed Mahdi Hassanian 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2019,120(12):19245-19253
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Dysregulation of RAS/MAPK signaling axis is frequently found in CRC patients. The RAS/MAPK axis regulates cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, migration, and metastasis. Oncogenic or tumor-suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs) for RAS/MAPK signaling play a key role in the pathogenesis of CRC and are considered as novel potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of human malignancies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of mechanisms of action of RAS/MAPK miRNAs in the development and progression of CRC for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease. 相似文献
36.
Narges Fereydouni Majid Darroudi Jebrail Movaffagh Azadeh Shahroodi Alexandra E. Butler Shiva Ganjali Amirhossein Sahebkar 《Journal of cellular physiology》2019,234(5):5537-5554
Poor wound healing is a highly prevalent clinical problem with, as yet, no entirely satisfactory solution. A new technique, termed electrospinning, may provide a solution to improve wound healing. Due to their large surface area to volume ratio and porosity, the nanofibers created by electrospinning are able to deliver sustained drug release and oxygen to the wound. Using different types of polymers with varying properties helps strengthening nanofiber and exudates absorption. The nanofibers appear to have an ideal structure applicable for wound healing and, in combination with curcumin, can blend the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of curcumin into a highly effective wound dressing. The use of suitable curcumin solvents and the slow release of curcumin from the nanofiber help in overcoming the known limitations of curcumin, specifically its low stability and limited bioavailability. Here, we review the studies which have been done on synthesized nanofibers containing curcumin, produced by the electrospinning technique, for the purpose of wound healing. 相似文献
37.
Joseph Lucas Holly K. Dressman Sunil Suchindran Mai Nakamura Nelson J. Chao Heather Himburg Kerry Minor Gary Phillips Joel Ross Majid Abedi Robert Terbrueggen John P. Chute 《PloS one》2014,9(9)
Terrorism using radiological dirty bombs or improvised nuclear devices is recognized as a major threat to both public health and national security. In the event of a radiological or nuclear disaster, rapid and accurate biodosimetry of thousands of potentially affected individuals will be essential for effective medical management to occur. Currently, health care providers lack an accurate, high-throughput biodosimetric assay which is suitable for the triage of large numbers of radiation injury victims. Here, we describe the development of a biodosimetric assay based on the analysis of irradiated mice, ex vivo-irradiated human peripheral blood (PB) and humans treated with total body irradiation (TBI). Interestingly, a gene expression profile developed via analysis of murine PB radiation response alone was inaccurate in predicting human radiation injury. In contrast, generation of a gene expression profile which incorporated data from ex vivo irradiated human PB and human TBI patients yielded an 18-gene radiation classifier which was highly accurate at predicting human radiation status and discriminating medically relevant radiation dose levels in human samples. Although the patient population was relatively small, the accuracy of this classifier in discriminating radiation dose levels in human TBI patients was not substantially confounded by gender, diagnosis or prior exposure to chemotherapy. We have further incorporated genes from this human radiation signature into a rapid and high-throughput chemical ligation-dependent probe amplification assay (CLPA) which was able to discriminate radiation dose levels in a pilot study of ex vivo irradiated human blood and samples from human TBI patients. Our results illustrate the potential for translation of a human genetic signature for the diagnosis of human radiation exposure and suggest the basis for further testing of CLPA as a candidate biodosimetric assay. 相似文献
38.
Chakir H Campos-Neto A Mojibian M Webb JR 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2003,5(4):241-249
The cytokine IL-12 plays a critical role in inducing the production of IFN-gamma from T and NK cells and in the polarization of T cells towards the Th1 phenotype. IL-12 is comprised of two subunits (IL-12p40 and IL-12p35) that together form the biologically active p70 molecule, and IL-12 functions via binding to a heterodimeric receptor (IL-12Rbeta1 and IL-12Rbeta2). Previous studies utilizing mice deficient for either the IL-12 cytokine or the IL-12-induced signaling molecule STAT4 have established a critical role for IL-12 during infection with Leishmania major. However, these studies warrant careful re-interpretation in light of the recent discovery of the IL-12-related cytokine, IL-23, which utilizes the IL-12p40 chain in combination with an IL-12p35-related molecule, called p19, and a receptor comprised of the IL-12Rbeta1 chain plus a unique chain referred to as IL-23R. We analyzed the course of L. major infection in mice deficient for the IL-12-specific IL-12Rbeta2 subunit in order to assess the role of IL-12 signaling without disruption of the IL-23 pathway. After infection with L. major, IL-12Rbeta2KO mice of a resistant background (C57Bl/6) developed large cutaneous lesions similar to those developed by susceptible BALB/c mice. Draining lymph node cells from L. major-infected IL-12Rbeta2KO mice released the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 after in vitro stimulation with Leishmania lysate but were completely devoid of IFN-gamma, consistent with a default towards a strong parasite-specific Th2 response. L. major-infected IL-12Rbeta2KO mice were also devoid of parasite-specific IgG2a antibodies, and interestingly, their footpad lesions ulcerated earlier than those of susceptible BALB/c mice. 相似文献
39.
Aman Shah Abdul Majid Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid Zheng Qin Yin Dan Ji 《Neurochemical research》2013,38(7):1375-1393
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is one of three gaseous signaling molecules after nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Various H2S donor compounds have been synthesized to study its physiological function. Among these compounds sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS), a donor of releasing H2S rapidly have shown to be protective in certain neuronal cell line but several in vivo studies have generated conflicting data. Furthermore several slow releasing H2S donors have been shown to have positive effects on cells in culture. The intracellular concentration of H2S and hence its rate of production may be a factor in keeping the balance between its neuroprotective and toxic effects. The present study was undertaken to deduce how a rapid releasing H2S donor (NaHS) as opposed to a slow releasing donor (ADTOH), affect oxidative stress related intracellular components and survival of RGC-5 cells. It was concluded that when RGC-5 cells are exposed to the toxic effects of glutamate in combination with buthionine sulfoxime (Glu/BSO), ADTOH was more efficacious in inhibiting apoptosis, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), stimulation of glutathione (GSH) and gluthathione-S-transferase (GST). Western blot and qPCR analysis showed ADTOH increased the levels of Nrf2, HO-1, PKCα, p-Akt, Bcl-2 and XIAP but caused a decrease of Nfκβ and xCT greater than NaHS. This study is first to compare the efficacy of two H2S donor drugs as potential neuroprotectants and demonstrate that slow regulated release of H2S to cell culture can be more beneficial in inhibiting oxidative stress induced cell death. 相似文献
40.
Rashvand Samaneh Mobasseri Majid Tarighat-Esfanjani Ali 《Biological trace element research》2020,194(2):328-335
Biological Trace Element Research - Metabolic failure is associated with dyslipidemia and coagulation which can result in a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus... 相似文献