全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14272篇 |
免费 | 1037篇 |
国内免费 | 26篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 115篇 |
2022年 | 123篇 |
2021年 | 277篇 |
2020年 | 191篇 |
2019年 | 217篇 |
2018年 | 515篇 |
2017年 | 434篇 |
2016年 | 571篇 |
2015年 | 542篇 |
2014年 | 702篇 |
2013年 | 1033篇 |
2012年 | 1050篇 |
2011年 | 1013篇 |
2010年 | 666篇 |
2009年 | 525篇 |
2008年 | 548篇 |
2007年 | 498篇 |
2006年 | 509篇 |
2005年 | 378篇 |
2004年 | 358篇 |
2003年 | 332篇 |
2002年 | 303篇 |
2001年 | 234篇 |
2000年 | 230篇 |
1999年 | 232篇 |
1998年 | 181篇 |
1997年 | 145篇 |
1996年 | 129篇 |
1995年 | 167篇 |
1994年 | 148篇 |
1993年 | 124篇 |
1992年 | 150篇 |
1991年 | 131篇 |
1990年 | 112篇 |
1989年 | 119篇 |
1988年 | 124篇 |
1987年 | 112篇 |
1986年 | 84篇 |
1985年 | 111篇 |
1984年 | 88篇 |
1983年 | 107篇 |
1982年 | 98篇 |
1981年 | 111篇 |
1980年 | 85篇 |
1979年 | 93篇 |
1978年 | 91篇 |
1977年 | 84篇 |
1974年 | 95篇 |
1973年 | 84篇 |
1969年 | 75篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 484 毫秒
31.
Preferential expression of cellular retinoic acid binding protein in a subpopulation of neural cells in the developing mouse embryo 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Marie-Josée Vaessen Erika Kootwijk Dirk Bootsma Ad Geurts van Kessel Christine Mummery John Hilkens 《Differentiation; research in biological diversity》1989,40(2):99-105
The cellular retinoic acid binding protein is thought to be involved in the retinoic-acid-mediated signal transduction pathway. We have isolated the mouse cellular retinoic acid binding protein cDNA from an embryonal-carcinoma-derived cell line by using differential cDNA cloning strategies. In situ hybridization on sections of mouse embryos of various developmental stages indicated that the cellular retinoic acid binding protein gene, which we localized on mouse chromosome 9, is preferentially expressed in a subpopulation of neurectodermal cells. This restricted expression pattern suggests an important role for cellular retinoic acid binding protein in murine neurogenesis. 相似文献
32.
33.
Jaroslav Votruba Jarmila Pazlarová Milada Dvořáková Kalju Vanatalu Libuše Váchová Marie Strnadová Helena Kučerová Jiří Chaloupka 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1987,26(4):373-377
Summary A mathematical model was formulated to describe the kinetics and stoichiometry of growth and proteinase production in Bacillus megaterium. Synthesis of the extracellular proteinase in a batch culture is repressed by amino acids. The specific rate of formation of the enzyme (r
E) can be described by the formula {ie373-1}, where k
2 and k
3 stand for the non-repressible and repressible part of enzyme synthesis respectively, k
S
2 is a repression coefficient and S
2 indicates the concentration of amono acids; the values of k
2 and k
S
2 depend on the composition of the mixture of amino acids. Even in a high concentration, a single amino acid is less effective than a mixture of amino acids. The dependence of the proteinase repression on the concentration of an external amino acid (leucine) follows the same course as its rate of incorporation into proteins, approaching saturation at concentrations higher than 50 M (half saturation approximately 10 M). However, the total uptake of leucine did not exhibit any saturation even at 500 M external concentration.Symbols
X
biomass concentration, g/l
-
E
proteinase concentration, unit/l
-
t
time, h
-
S
1
concentration of glucose, g/l
-
S
2
concentration of amino acids, g/l
-
specific growth rate, l/h
-
rE
specific rate of enzyme production, unit/g/h
-
k
1
growth kinetic constant, l/h
-
k
2
product formation kinetic constant (for non-repressible part of enzyme synthesis), unit/g
-
k
3
product formation kinetic constant (for repressible portion of enzyme synthesis), unit/g
-
k
S
1
saturation constant, g/l
-
k
S
2
repression coefficient for a certain amino acid or amino acids mixture, g/l 相似文献
34.
N-terminal deletion in the src gene of Rous sarcoma virus results in synthesis of a 45,000-Mr protein with mitogenic activity. 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of virology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
D Laugier M Marx J V Barnier F Poirier P Genvrin P Dezle G Calothy 《Journal of virology》1987,61(8):2523-2529
Expression of the v-src gene of Rous sarcoma virus in avian embryo neuroretina cells results in transformation and sustained proliferation of these normally resting cells. Transformed neuroretina cells are also tumorigenic upon inoculation into immunodeficient hosts. We have previously described conditional mutants of Rous sarcoma virus encoding p60v-src proteins which induce proliferation of neuroretina cells in the absence of transformation and tumorigenicity. These results suggest that p60v-src is composed of functionally distinct domains which may interact with multiple cellular targets. In this study, we describe a spontaneous variant of Rous sarcoma virus, subgroup E, which carries a deletion of 278 base pairs in the 5' portion of the v-src gene but which has retained the ability to induce proliferation of quail neuroretina cells. The deleted v-src gene encodes a 45,000-molecular-weight phosphoprotein which contains both phosphoserine and phosphotyrosine, is myristylated, and possesses tyrosine kinase activity indistinguishable from that of wild-type p60v-src. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the mutant v-src gene have shown that this deletion extends from amino acid 33 to 126 of the wild-type p60v-src. Therefore, this portion of the v-src protein is dispensable for the mitogenic activity of Rous sarcoma virus in neuroretina cells. 相似文献
35.
36.
Twelve metronidazole-resistant and twelve metronidazole-susceptible strains ofTrichomonas vaginalis were tested for the presence of dsRNA. Three resistant and five susceptible strains were found to contain dsRNA which indicated
that metronidazole resistance does not correlate with the absence of dsRNA. Electron microscopy showed the homogenates of
all dsRNA -positive strains to contain virus-like particles 32 –38 nm in diameter, while no such particles were found in the
dsRNA-negative strains. A mutual relationship between the dsRNA and virus-like particles seems to exist.
After this paper had been accepted for publication the occurrence of virus-like particles in dsRNA-positive trichomonads was
reported by others (Wang A.L., Wang C.C.: The double stranded RNA inTrichomonas vaginalis may originate from virus-like particles.Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA
83, 7956–7961, 1986). 相似文献
37.
38.
P P Major P E Kovac M L Lavallée E C Kovalik 《The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry》1987,35(2):139-148
We report the production, screening, and characterization of ten murine monoclonal antibodies directed at antigens that are expressed abnormally in human breast tumors. Immunoperoxidase staining of frozen and fixed tissues shows the antigens to be present at low levels on the luminal membrane of normal breast cells and at high levels in the cytoplasm and surface membrane of breast tumor cells. The ten antibodies appear to recognize six different epitopes on the basis of their quantitative differences in reactivity against four antigen preparations, as measured by ELISA. Immunoblots show that eight of the ten antibodies recognize a 300,000 MW molecule from breast tumor preparations; six of these antibodies also react with a second molecule from the same tumor preparations of 280,000 MW. Seven antibodies react with an antigen from milk fat globule membrane of 330,000 MW. It therefore appears that the two molecules from tumor tissue and the one molecule from normal tissue share common epitopes. Selected antibodies were tested for reactivity against 25 primary breast tumors and 14 pairs of primary and metastatic breast tumors. Three antibodies have broad reactivity and stain more than 80% of primary tumors; the three other antibodies identify subsets of those tumors. Results of staining pairs of primary and metastatic lesions show that metastases continue to express antigens of the primary lesion in a high percentage of cells. 相似文献
39.
C Bisbal M Silhol M Lema?tre B Bayard T Salehzada B Lebleu T D Perrée M G Blackburn 《Biochemistry》1987,26(16):5172-5178
Two 5'-modified (2'-5')(A)4 oligomers with an increased resistance to phosphatase degradation were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to develop an antiviral response when introduced into intact cells by microinjection or by chemical conjugation to poly(L-lysine). The enzymatic synthesis of 5'-gamma-phosphorothioate and beta,gamma-difluoromethylene (2'-5')(A)4 from adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) and adenosine beta,gamma-difluoromethylenetriphosphate by (2'-5')-oligoadenylate synthetase is described. The isolation and characterization of these (2'-5')(A)4 analogues were achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of 5'-modified tetramers were corroborated by enzyme digestion. These two 5'-modified tetramers compete as efficiently as natural (2'-5')(A)4 for the binding of a radiolabeled (2'-5')(A)4 probe to ribonuclease (RNase) L. Nevertheless, at the opposite to 5'-gamma-phosphorothioate (2'-5')(A)4, beta,gamma-difluoromethylene (2'-5')(A)4 failed to induce an antiviral response after microinjection in HeLa cells. In addition, it behaves as an antagonist of RNase L as demonstrated by its ability to inhibit the antiviral properties of 5'-gamma-phosphorothioate (2'-5')(A)4 when both are microinjected in HeLa cells. The increased metabolic stability of 5'-gamma-phosphorothioate (2'-5')(A)4 as compared to that of (2'-5')(A)4 was first demonstrated in cell-free extracts and then confirmed in intact cells after introduction in the form of a conjugate to poly(L-lysine). Indeed, 5'-gamma-phosphorothioate (2'-5')(A)4-poly(L-lysine) conjugate induces protein synthesis inhibition and characteristic ribosomal RNA cleavages for longer times than unmodified (2'-5')(A)4-poly(L-lysine) in the same cell system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
40.
Marta Munzarová Daniela Zemanová Jan Kovařík Zdeněk Pačovský Aleš Rejthar Jiří Bártek 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1987,24(3):272-274
Summary Skin tests with autologous cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS)-treated and untreated cells were performed in ten metastatic melanoma patients. In the majority of cases evident reaction was noted with CHS-treated cells (9/10) while the reaction with untreated cells was mostly negative (7/10). Tumour cell suspensions used for skin tests were characterized for reactivity with monoclonal antibody TAL 1B5 detecting the HLA-DR alpha chain. There were no differences between CHS-treated and untreated cells with respect to HLA-DR expression and no correlation was found between grade of skin reaction to CHS-treated cells and the proportion of HLA-DR positive cells in the injected cell sample. 相似文献