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71.
Chaubey G Metspalu M Kivisild T Villems R 《BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology》2007,29(1):91-100
In recent years, mtDNA and Y chromosome studies involving human populations from South Asia and the rest of the world have revealed new insights about the peopling of the world by anatomically modern humans during the late Pleistocene, some 40,000-60,000 years ago, over the southern coastal route from Africa. Molecular studies and archaeological record are both largely consistent with autochthonous differentiation of the genetic structure of the caste and tribal populations in South Asia. High level of endogamy created by numerous social boundaries within and between castes and tribes, along with the influence of several evolutionary forces such as genetic drift, fragmentation and long-term isolation, has kept the Indian populations diverse and distant from each other as well as from other continental populations. This review attempts to summarize recent genetic studies on Indian caste and tribal populations with the focus on the information embedded in the socially defined structure of Indian populations. 相似文献
72.
Florian?J. Clemente Alexia Cardona Charlotte?E. Inchley Benjamin?M. Peter Guy Jacobs Luca Pagani Daniel?J. Lawson Tiago Ant?o Mário Vicente Mario Mitt Michael DeGiorgio Zuzana Faltyskova Yali Xue Qasim Ayub Michal Szpak Reedik M?gi Anders Eriksson Andrea Manica Maanasa Raghavan Morten Rasmussen Simon Rasmussen Eske Willerslev Antonio Vidal-Puig Chris Tyler-Smith Richard Villems Rasmus Nielsen Mait Metspalu Boris Malyarchuk Miroslava Derenko Toomas Kivisild 《American journal of human genetics》2014,95(5):584-589
Arctic populations live in an environment characterized by extreme cold and the absence of plant foods for much of the year and are likely to have undergone genetic adaptations to these environmental conditions in the time they have been living there. Genome-wide selection scans based on genotype data from native Siberians have previously highlighted a 3 Mb chromosome 11 region containing 79 protein-coding genes as the strongest candidates for positive selection in Northeast Siberians. However, it was not possible to determine which of the genes might be driving the selection signal. Here, using whole-genome high-coverage sequence data, we identified the most likely causative variant as a nonsynonymous G>A transition (rs80356779; c.1436C>T [p.Pro479Leu] on the reverse strand) in CPT1A, a key regulator of mitochondrial long-chain fatty-acid oxidation. Remarkably, the derived allele is associated with hypoketotic hypoglycemia and high infant mortality yet occurs at high frequency in Canadian and Greenland Inuits and was also found at 68% frequency in our Northeast Siberian sample. We provide evidence of one of the strongest selective sweeps reported in humans; this sweep has driven this variant to high frequency in circum-Arctic populations within the last 6–23 ka despite associated deleterious consequences, possibly as a result of the selective advantage it originally provided to either a high-fat diet or a cold environment. 相似文献
73.
Maité Masciocchi Andrés S. Martinez Ana J. Pereira José M. Villacide Juan C. Corley 《Insect Science》2018,25(1):109-116
Understanding the factors that affect animal dispersal behavior is important from both fundamental and applied perspectives. Dispersal can have clear evolutionary and ecological consequences, but for nonnative insect pests, dispersal capacity can also help to explain invasion success. Vespula germanica is a social wasp that, in the last century, has successfully invaded several regions of the world, showing one of the highest spread rates reported for a nonnative insect. In contrast with nonsocial wasps, in social species, queens are responsible for population redistribution and spread, as workers are sterile. For V. germanica, it has been observed that queen flight is limited to 2 distinct periods: early autumn, when new queens leave the nest to mate and find sheltered places in which to hibernate, and spring when new colonies are founded. Our aim was to study the flight behavior of V. germanica queens by focusing on the different periods in which dispersal occurs, characterizing as well the potential contribution of queen flight (i.e., distance) to the observed geographical spread. Our results suggest that the distances flown by nonoverwintered queens is greater than that flown by overwintered individuals, suggesting that the main queen dispersal events would occur before queens enter hibernation. This could relate to a behavioral trait of the queens to avoid the inbreeding with related drones. Additionally, given the short distances flown and remarkable geographical spread observed, we provide evidence showing that queen dispersal by flight is likely to contribute proportionately less to population spread than human‐aided factors. 相似文献
74.
Eric Parmentier Deborah Lanterbecq Maité Todesco Igor Eeckhaut 《Ichthyological Research》2010,57(1):85-90
Encheliophis vermiops was first briefly described in 1990 on the basis of three specimens. This study validates this species and provides previously
unrecorded useful characters to realise the identification: (1) the forward orientation of the palatine teeth, (2) the enlarged
teeth of the third basibranchial, (3) the particularly well-developed pharyngeal apparatus, (4) the unpigmented band along
the base of anal fin and (5) the insertion of the primary sonic muscle on the parasphenoid. Moreover, the particular morphology
of Encheliophis vermiops forces us to reconsider the diagnosis of the genus. 相似文献
75.
Sina Leipold Anna Petit-Boix Anran Luo Hanna Helander Machteld Simoens Weslynne S. Ashton Callie W. Babbitt Alba Bala Catharina R. Bening Morten Birkved Fenna Blomsma Casper Boks Alessio Boldrin Pauline Deutz Teresa Domenech Navarro Ferronato Alejandro Gallego-Schmid Damien Giurco Kersty Hobson Roope Husgafvel Cynthia Isenhour Mait Kriipsalu Donato Masi Joan Manuel F. Mendoza Leonidas Milios Monia Niero Deepak Pant Keshav Parajuly Stefan Pauliuk Marina P. P. Pieroni Jessika Luth Richter Michael Saidani Marzena Smol Laura Talens Peiró Stijn van Ewijk Walter J. V. Vermeulen Dominik Wiedenhofer Bing Xue 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2023,27(1):6-18
The current enthusiasm for the circular economy (CE) offers a unique opportunity to advance the impact of research on sustainability transitions. Diverse interpretations of CE by scholars, however, produce partly opposing assessments of its potential benefits, which can hinder progress. Here, we synthesize policy-relevant lessons and research directions for a sustainable CE and identify three narratives—optimist, reformist, and skeptical—that underpin the ambiguity in CE assessments. Based on 54 key CE scholars’ insights, we identify three research needs: the articulation and discussion of ontologically distinct CE narratives; bridging of technical, managerial, socio-economic, environmental, and political CE perspectives; and critical assessment of opportunities and limits of CE science–policy interactions. Our findings offer practical guidance for scholars to engage reflexively with the rapid expansion of CE knowledge, identify and pursue high-impact research directions, and communicate more effectively with practitioners and policymakers. 相似文献
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