Determination of genetic stability using isozymes and RFLPs in beet plants regenerated in vitro

Summary Sugar, fodder and garden beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants have been regenerated in culture from a range of expiant material. Of the regenerants 764 were subjected to isozyme analysis using eight enzyme-specific stains, and 60 were subjected to RFLP analysis using three cDNA probes. Both molecular techniques allowed the identification of somaclonal variant plants. Assessment of the numbers of variant isozymes and restriction fragments has allowed the calculation of the approximate percentage of variant alleles occurring in any one somaclonal regenerant, namely between 0.05% and 0.1%.     

Atomistic uniaxial tension tests: investigating various many-body potentials for their ability to produce accurate stress strain curves using molecular dynamics simulations

Molecular dynamics simulations, which take place on the atomistic scale, are now being used to predict the influence of atomistic processes on macro-scale mechanical properties. However, there is a lack of clear understanding on which potential should be used when attempting to obtain these properties. Moreover, many MD studies that do test mechanical properties do not actually simulate the macro-scale laboratory tension tests used to obtain them. As such, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the various types of potentials for their accuracy in predicting the mechanical properties of iron from an atomistic uniaxial tension test at room temperature. Results demonstrated that while EAM and MEAM potentials all under predicted the elastic modulus at room temperature, the Tersoff and ReaxFF potentials were significantly more accurate. Unlike EAM and MEAM, both the Tersoff and ReaxFF potentials are bond order based. Therefore, these results demonstrate the importance of considering bonding between atoms when modelling tensile tests. In addition, the ReaxFF potential also accurately predicted the Poisson's ratio, allowing for complete characterisation of the material's behaviour. Overall, these findings highlight the need to understand the capabilities and limitations of each potential before application to a problem outside of the initial intended use.     

Aryltellurium(IV) trichlorides, aryl(trans-2-chloro-1-cycloalkyl)tellurium(IV) dichlorides, and aryl(trans-2-ethoxy-1-cycloalkyl)tellurium(IV) dichlorides

Aryltellurium(IV) trichlorides react with parent arenes to give diaryltellurium(IV) dichlorides and with cycloalkenes to give aryl(trans-2-chloro-1-cycloalkyl)tellurium(IV) dichlorides or aryl(trans-2-ethoxy-1- cycloalkyl)tellurium(IV) dichlorides in the presence of ethanol.