鄂西南木林子常绿落叶阔叶混交林2014~2019年主要物种动态变化

为了明确鄂西南木林子亚热带山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林的短期群落动态,为该区森林生态的保护、恢复与可持续经营提供科学依据。该研究基于木林子自然保护区2.2 hm²动态监测样地,以2014和2019年样地内所有胸径(DBH)≥1 cm的木本植物为研究对象,从物种组成与多样性、重要值、死亡率、补员率及胸径等方面分析了其动态变化。结果表明：(1)5年间2.2 hm²样地内木本植物个体从17 308株减少到16 533株,降幅为4.48%,胸高断面积31.42 m²·hm^-2增长到35.53 m²·hm^-2,物种增加了1科6属18种,消失1属7种。 乔木、亚乔木、灌木及藤本4类生长型物种的Margalef丰富度指数均上升,而Pielou均匀度指数均下降;除乔木外其他3种生长型的Shannon Wiener多样性指数和Simpson指数均上升。(2)补员个体1 269株,平均胸径2.44 cm,胸高断面积为0.32 m²·hm^-2,平均新增115.36 株·hm^-2·a^-1,隶属39科59属99种;死亡个体2 044株,平均胸径3.32 cm,胸高段面积为1.31 m²·hm^-2,平均死亡185.82 株·hm^-2·a^-1,隶属51科90属146种;不同径级补员与死亡个体数差异明显,总体上随着径级的增大而减少。(3)46个主要物种中有15种重要值增大,有31种降低,增加与降低的变化幅度为乔木层>灌木层>亚乔木层;平均胸径从4.70 cm上升为5.12 cm,除锥栗(Castanea henryi)平均胸径有所下降外其他物种均上升。(4)主要树种中有44个为增长型种群,另外2个物种种群增长率不变,主要物种年补员率大于年死亡率,不同生长型物种及其不同径级的死亡率与补员率不同,不同径级补员率总体大于死亡率;随着径级的增大,补员率与死亡率的差值逐渐降低趋于平缓。研究认为,该群落物种组成与多样性及主要物种的重要值、平均胸径变化幅度较小,未发生明显波动,主要物种不同径级的更新动态有所差别,但不剧烈,因此整个群落外貌基本保持不变,发展较为稳定。     

植物维生素E生物强化研究进展

维生素E是一种只能在光合组织中合成的脂溶性小分子有机化合物,是人体和动物营养不可缺少的重要维生素。由于植物中维生素E含量较低,人类大多处于慢性缺乏维生素E--“隐性饥饿”的状态,而动物饲料中则需要添加外源合成的维生素E以满足其营养需求。因此,提高植物中维生素E的含量是改善维生素E缺乏的重要途径之一。从维生素E的合成途径入手,详细地综述了维生素E合成关键酶基因的表达变化以及前体物质的含量变化对维生素E合成的影响,发现三烯生育酚和α-生育酚的生物强化效果较好,而生育酚总量提高受限;进而从遗传的角度探讨了维生素E合成受限的原因以及遗传上可能影响维生素E合成的其他代谢途径;最后结合可能影响维生素E合成的调控因子以及其前体物质的转运等方面为今后维生素E的生物强化提出了新的思路。     

Genomic analysis of Asian honeybee populations in China reveals evolutionary relationships and adaptation to abiotic stress

The geographic and biological diversity of China has resulted in the differential adaptation of the eastern honeybee, Apis cerana, to these varied habitats. A. cerana were collected from 14 locations in China. Their genomes were sequenced, and nucleotide polymorphisms were identified at more than 9 million sites. Both STRUCTURE and principal component analysis placed the bees into seven groups. Phylogenomic analysis groups the honeybees into many of the same clusters with high bootstrap values (91%–100%). Populations from Tibet and South Yunnan are sister taxa and together represent the earliest diverging lineage included in this study. We propose that the evolutionary origin of A. cerana in China was in the southern region of Yunnan Province and expanded from there into the southeastern regions and into the northeastern mountain regions. The Cold‐Temperate West Sichuan Plateau and Tropical Diannan populations were compared to identify genes under adaptive selection in these two habitats. Pathway enrichment analysis showing genes under selection, including the Hippo signaling pathway, GABAergic pathway, and trehalose‐phosphate synthase, indicates that most genes under selection pressure are involved in the process of signal transduction and energy metabolism. qRT‐PCR analysis reveals that one gene under selection, the AcVIAAT gene, involved in the GABAergic pathway, is responding to cold temperature stress. Through homologous recombination, we show that the AcVIAAT gene is able to replace the CNAG_01904 gene in the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans and that it makes the fungus less sensitive to conditions of oxidative stress and variations in temperature. Our results contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary origin of A. cerana in China and the molecular basis of environmental adaptation.     

广东从化温泉水体原核微生物多样性及其酶活筛选

为了解广东从化温泉的原核微生物多样性及其产纤维素酶、淀粉酶的能力,选取从化3个地热区的7个温泉样点,现场测量各采样点的水体理化参数,并采集温泉水样品。利用免培养技术对从化温泉环境样品基因组的16S rRNA基因进行扩增,利用高通量测序技术,分析从化温泉环境原核微生物群落结构及多样性。同时,借助纯培养技术,对7个样点的微生物进行分离纯化,并将菌株接种于以微晶纤维素或淀粉为唯一碳源的培养基中,检测其纤维素酶、淀粉酶活性。免培养结果显示,广东从化温泉环境原核微生物群落以细菌为主,群落结构与总碳含量相关性最大。通过选择性分离培养,共获得71株细菌,分属于17个不同的属,其中有9株属于潜在新分类单元,其中67.61%有纤维素酶活性,18.31%有淀粉酶活性。广东从化温泉中存在丰富多样的原核微生物类群,且蕴藏大量具有产生纤维素酶、淀粉酶活性的菌株,极具进一步发掘和研究的价值。     

金针菇退化菌丝的生理生化特征

【背景】金针菇菌种在继代培养的过程中会出现菌种退化的现象,影响着金针菇的产量与质量。【目的】为研究金针菇退化菌种菌丝的生理生化特征,筛选金针菇退化菌株。【方法】以金针菇原始菌株(H)和退化菌株(T)为研究对象,测定不同碳源培养基上菌丝的生理生化特征及超氧化物歧化酶(SuperoxideDismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)的活性,并测定菌丝在栽培瓶中的漆酶(Laccase,Lac)和锰过氧化物酶(ManganesePeroxidase,MnP)的活性,记录菌丝在搔菌后的恢复情况。【结果】T在各个碳源的菌丝生长速度低于H,粉孢子等级在3-4级之间,SOD、CAT活性低于H,在栽培料中的Lac活性和MnP活性在第5天时与H相同,在第10、15、20天低于H。T在搔菌后菌丝恢复时间比H恢复时间长,恢复后的菌丝长势没有H长势浓密。【结论】通过探究金针菇原始菌株与退化菌株的菌丝生理生化特征,为判断金针菇菌株是否为退化菌株提供理论依据。     

基于高通量测序的闽楠幼林根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落变化

【背景】闽楠是珍贵用材树种。阐明闽楠根际土壤微生物特征,对科学经营闽楠人工林有指导作用。【目的】明确闽楠人工林恢复过程中根际土壤丛枝菌根群落随林龄的变化特征。【方法】采用高通量Illumina MiSeq测序的方法,评估不同林龄闽楠幼林根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi,AMF)群落的多样性和组成,揭示造林后闽楠根际土壤真菌群落对时间序列中土壤养分变化的响应特征。【结果】从3个林龄闽楠根际土壤中共得到342 555条有效序列,共得到253个AMF-OTU,分属于1门1纲5目9科14属。α多样性指数表明,丛枝菌根真菌群落的Chao1、Shannon指数随着林龄的增加而增加,但不同林龄间差异不显著。β多样性指数表明,在闽楠幼龄阶段,不同林龄间AMF群落组成差异明显。根据Bray-Curtis相异度分析阐明AMF群落组成的相似性与林龄相关。种水平物种丰度与土壤因子的相关性分析表明,影响AMF群落丰度的主要土壤因子是pH、全钾、硝态氮和铵态氮。铵态氮与优势AMF分子虚拟种Glomus-Franke-A1-VTX00076、Glomus-Franke-A1-VTX00269的丰度呈显著正相关。【结论】随着林龄的增加,闽楠幼龄根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌的种类组成发生了显著变化,影响AMF特性的主要土壤因子是pH、全钾、硝态氮和铵态氮。这些发现将有助于揭示闽楠幼林生态系统和土壤微生物多样性的相互关系和机制,为生物多样性-生态系统功能实验提供理论依据。     

SRC-3 Deficiency Exacerbates Neurological Deficits in a Mouse Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Role of Oxidative Stress

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes long term neurological abnormality or death. Oxidative stress is closely involved in ICH mediated brain damage. Steroid receptor cofactor 3 (SRC-3), a p160 family member, is widely expressed in the brain and regulates transactivation of Nrf2, a key component of antioxidant response. Our study aims to test if SRC-3 is implicated in ICH mediated brain injury. We first examined levels of SRC-3 and oxidative stress in the brain of mice following ICH and analyzed their correlation. Then ICH was induced in wild type (WT) and SRC-3 knock out mice and how SRC-3 deletion affected ICH induced brain damage, oxidative stress and behavioral outcome was assessed. We found that SRC-3 mRNA and protein expression levels were reduced gradually after ICH induction in WT mice along with an increase in oxidative stress levels. Correlation analysis revealed that SRC-3 mRNA levels negatively correlated with oxidative stress. Deletion of SRC-3 further increased ICH induced brain edema, neurological deficit score and oxidative stress and exacerbated ICH induced behavioral abnormality including motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Our findings suggest that SRC-3 is involved in ICH induced brain injury, probably through modulation of oxidative stress.

     

Neuroprotective Effects of Withania somnifera on 4-Hydroxynonenal Induced Cell Death in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells Through ROS Inhibition and Apoptotic Mitochondrial Pathway

Neurochemical Research - The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities of Withania somnifera (WS) are known for a long time. This study was aimed to examine whether WS also...