全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1678篇 |
免费 | 120篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
1802篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 22篇 |
2022年 | 72篇 |
2021年 | 91篇 |
2020年 | 55篇 |
2019年 | 93篇 |
2018年 | 110篇 |
2017年 | 62篇 |
2016年 | 79篇 |
2015年 | 77篇 |
2014年 | 77篇 |
2013年 | 140篇 |
2012年 | 105篇 |
2011年 | 109篇 |
2010年 | 70篇 |
2009年 | 53篇 |
2008年 | 64篇 |
2007年 | 64篇 |
2006年 | 49篇 |
2005年 | 52篇 |
2004年 | 55篇 |
2003年 | 43篇 |
2002年 | 34篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1802条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
Alibrahim Ammar Al-Gharabally Dunia Mahmoud Huda Dittrich Maria 《Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions》2019,23(6):765-781
Extremophiles - Microbes can be found in hypersaline environments forming diverse populations with complex ecological interactions. Microbes in such environments were found to be involved in the... 相似文献
73.
Maryam Farshadi Behrooz Johari Elham Erfani Ezadyar Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi Mahmoud Azami Hamid Madanchi Seyed Mohammad Amin Haramshahi Abazar Yari Ayoob Karimizade Reza Nekouian Ali Samadikuchaksaraei 《Cell biology international》2019,43(12):1379-1392
The mechanical property of bone tissue scaffolds is one of the most important aspects in bone tissue engineering that has remained problematic. In our previous study, we fabricated a three‐dimensional scaffold from nano‐hydroxyapatite/gelatin (nHA/Gel) and investigated its efficiency in promoting bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the effect of adding silicon carbide (SiC) on the mechanical and biological behaviors of the nHA/Gel/SiC and bone regeneration in vivo were determined. nHA and SiC were synthesized and characterized by the X‐ray diffraction pattern and transmission electron microscope image. Layer solvent casting, freeze drying, and lamination techniques were applied to prepare these scaffolds. Then, the biocompatibility and cell adhesion behavior of the synthesized nHA/Gel/SiC scaffolds were investigated. For in vivo studies, rats were categorized into three groups: blank defect, blank scaffold, and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBM‐MSCs)/scaffold. After 1, 4, and 12 weeks post‐injury, the rats were sacrificed and the calvaria were harvested. Sections with a thickness of 5 µm thickness were prepared and stained with hematoxylin–eosin and Masson's Trichrome, and immunohistochemistry was performed. Our results showed that SiC effectively increased the mechanical properties of the nHA/Gel/SiC scaffold. No significant differences were observed in biocompatibility, cell adhesion, and cytotoxicity of the nHA/Gel/SiC in comparison with the nHA/Gel nanocomposite. Based on histological and immunohistochemical studies, both osteogenesis and collagenization were significantly higher in the rBM‐MSCs/scaffold group, quantitatively and qualitatively. The present study strongly suggests the potential of SiC as an alternative strategy to improve the mechanical and biological properties of bone tissue engineering scaffolds, and shows that the pre‐seeded nHA/Gel/SiC scaffold with rBM‐MSCs improves osteogenesis in the engineered bone implant. 相似文献
74.
Tanhaeian Abbas Jaafari Mahmoud Reza Ahmadi Farajollah Shahriari Vakili‐Ghartavol Roghayyeh Sekhavati Mohammad Hadi 《Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins》2019,11(3):1034-1041
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Nowadays, cancer remains a major cause of death affecting millions of people. Currently, the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as potent anticancer therapeutic... 相似文献
75.
Jian Li Zhanrui Leng Yueming Wu Yizhou Du Zhicong Dai Asim Biswas Xiaojun Zheng Guanlin Li Esawy Kasem Mahmoud Hui Jia Daolin Du 《Journal of Plant Ecology》2022,15(3):429
入侵植物与重金属胁迫的相互作用研究进展
全球变化改变了植物群落的分布格局,包括入侵植物,而人为污染可能降低本地植物对入侵植物的抗性。因此,本文总结了近几十年本地植物、入侵植物和植物-土壤生态系统中重金属生物地球化学行为的研究,以加深我们对入侵植物与环境胁迫因子相互作用的认识。我们的研究结合已有文献报道表明:(i)入侵物种对环境胁迫的影响具有异质性, (ii)影响的大小是多变的, (iii)即使在同一影响类型内,影响类型也具有多向性。然而,入侵植物暴露在重金属环境中表现出更强的自我保护机制,对重金属的生物可利用性和毒性有正向或负向的影响。另一方面,由于入侵植物普遍具有较高的耐受性,加之本地植物暴露于有毒重金属污染时具有“逃逸行为”,重金属胁迫环境更有利于植物的成功入侵。但是,对于入侵植物的重金属等元素组成是否与污染地区的本地植物不同,目前尚无共识。因此,在全球范围内对外来入侵植物与本土植物的植物体内、凋落物和土壤污染物含量进行定量比较是今后研究的一个重要方向。 相似文献
76.
Kamel Chaieb Olfa Chehab Tarek Zmantar Mahmoud Rouabhia Kacem Mahdouani Amina Bakhrouf 《Annals of microbiology》2007,57(3):431-437
Biofilm production is an important step in the pathogenesis ofStaphylococcus epidermidis associated biomaterial infections.Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from dialysis fluid (n=9) and needle cultures (n=14) were phenotyped and genotyped for extracellular polysaccharide production and were examined for their ability to produce slime in a medium at various pH levels (3, 5, 7, 9 and 12) and with ethanol supplementation (0, 2, 5, 10 and 15%) using a semi-quantitative adherence assay. A total of 23 clinicalicaADBC positiveS. epidermidis, one reference strain (S. epidermidis CIP 106510) used as positive control, and oneicaADBC negative strain (E21) were investigated. Qualitative biofilm production analysis revealed that 15 of the 23icaADBC positive strains (65.21%) produced slime on Congo Red agar plates. Quantitative biofilm was determined by measuring the optical density at 570 nm (OD570). The results show that the slime production depended on the pH value of the medium and the ethanol concentration. At highly acidic (pH 3) and alkaline (pH 12) levels, the OD570 was lower, while at pH 7 the adhesion was moderate. In addition the cells adhered strongly with 2% ethanol than with the other concentrations. Our results suggest that pH and ethanol were stress factors that led toS. epidermidis biofilm formation and also play a possible role in the pathogenesis of biomaterial-related infections. 相似文献
77.
Ben Sghaier M Chraief I Skandrani I Bouhlel I Boubaker J Kilani S Neffati A Mahmoud A Hammami M Chekir-Ghedira L Ghedira K 《化学与生物多样性》2007,4(7):1480-1486
The phytochemical composition of the essential oil of Teucrium ramosissimum (aerial parts), harvested in a mountainous region of Tunisia, was analyzed. A total of 68 compounds, accounting for 99.44% of the essential oil, were identified by GC and GC/MS. The major compounds were beta-eudesmol (61; 44.52%), caryophyllene oxide (56; 9.35%), alpha-thujene (1; 5.51%), sabinene (4; 4.71%), and T-cadinol (59; 3.9%). The essential oil, which is being used in Tunisian folk medicine against infectious diseases, was tested for its antimicrobial properties against five different bacteria, and found to have weak to moderate activity, with minimal-inhibitory-concentration (MIC) and minimal-bactericidal-concentration (MBC) values in the range 0.24-0.36 and 1.3-2.9 mg/ml, resp. 相似文献
78.
Previous results showed an inducible radiation sensitivity selectively observable for K-RAS-mutated cell lines as a function of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor blockade of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling. Therefore, the role of K-Ras activity for a direct (i.e., through activation of PI3K by K-Ras) or an indirect stimulation of PI3K-AKT signaling (through K-Ras activity-dependent EGFR ligand production) was investigated by means of small interfering RNA and inhibitor approaches as well as ELISA measurements of EGFR ligand production. K-RASmt tumor cells presented a constitutively activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 signaling, resulting in enhanced production and secretion of the EGFR ligand amphiregulin (AREG). Medium supernatants conditioned by K-RASmt tumor cells equally efficiently stimulated EGFR signaling into the PI3K-AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Knocking down K-Ras expression by specific small interfering RNA markedly affected autocrine production of AREG, but not PI3K-AKT signaling, after treatment of K-RAS-mutated or wild-type cells with EGFR ligands or exposure to ionizing radiation. These results indicate that PI3K-mediated activation of AKT in K-RASmt human tumor cells as a function of EGFR ligand or radiation stimulus is independent of a direct function of K-Ras enzyme activity but depends on a K-Ras-mediated enhanced production of EGFR ligands (i.e., most likely AREG) through up-regulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 signaling. The data provide new differential insight into the importance of K-RAS mutation in the context of PI3K-AKT-mediated radioresistance of EGFR-overexpressing or EGFR-mutated tumors. 相似文献
79.
Sayed M. Derayea Pakinaz Y. Khashaba Mahmoud Abdelgaleel Dalia M. Nagy 《Luminescence》2022,37(2):230-237
The antihypotensive drug heptaminol was determined using a spectrofluorimetric method and ortho-phthaladehyde as a fluorescence probe. The drug was mixed with the reagent in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and the reaction was carried out in slightly alkaline aqueous solution containing 0.1 M sodium hydroxide. The resulting product exhibited high fluorescence activity that was measured at 451 nm after excitation at 334 nm. The linearity range of the method was 5–100 ng ml−1 with a lower detection limit of 1.8 ng ml−1. The procedure was evaluated according to the International Council of Harmonization guidelines. The proposed method was applied to analyze the drug in pharmaceutical tablets and oral drops. In addition, the present study represents the first spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of the cited drug in real human plasma. The method provided high recovery percentages without any interference from coexisting pharmaceutical excipients or the components of human plasma. 相似文献
80.
Zaki Badr Hassanien Gomaa Mohamed S. A. El-Gaby Faraghally A. Faraghally Mahmoud Taher Mohamed Abdelmottaleb Hazim M. Ali Mohamed A. Abdel-Lateef 《Luminescence》2022,37(6):1001-1008
Selective fluorometric detection and determination of uranium ions is provided here using a novel fluorescent reagent, namely (E)-4-([4-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl]diazenyl)-N-(5-methyleisoxazol-3-yl) benzenesulfonamide (UVI reagent). The UVI reagent offers a selective fluorescence enhancement behaviour at emission wavelength = 557 nm. The parameters affecting fluorometric detection of uranium ions, such as the pH, solvent type, ligand concentration, interaction time, and interfering ions, were investigated and adjusted. The proposed UVI reagent can detect and determine uranium ions even at low concentrations, for which the obtained limit of detection was 0.1 ppm. Additionally, this proposed determination protocol was successfully used to detect, monitor, and determine uranium ions in actual water samples. 相似文献