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51.
Liver alteration and hematological and serum biochemical responses of common carp,Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, following long‐term feeding of pistachio (Pistacia vera) green hull extract as a source of natural phenol
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J. Motamedi‐Tehrani E. Ebrahimi‐Dorcheh P. Malekpouri S. A. H. Goli 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2016,32(5):906-912
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of pistachio green hull extract (PGHE) on hematological and serum biochemical changes in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Three hundred common carp (11.65 ± 1.65 g) were fed one of five different dietary treatments (with three replications) containing 0, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5 or 9 g PGHE kg?1diet for ten continuous weeks. Each tank had a 90‐L capacity and water flow rate of about 500 ml min_1.Total phenolic compounds of the different diets differed significantly (P < 0.001) according to the amount of PGHE. At the end of experiment, six fish were removed randomly from each treatment. Blood samples were taken for hematological and serum biochemical analyses at room temperature. Liver tissue samples were processed for histology and stained by H&E. The results indicated that all doses of tested PGHE induced no significant changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin, or erythrocytes, nor alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, albumin, globulin, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, glucose or cholesterol in the serum. Leukocytes were higher (P < 0.01) in fish fed a 1.5, 4.5, or 9 g PGHE kg?1 diet when compared to the 0.5 g PGHE kg?1 diet group or the control. Serum aspartate transaminase in treatments containing a 4.5 or 9 g PGHE kg?1 diet was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in comparison with the control. Liver histology showed focal necrosis, cytoplasm degeneration, lateral nuclei and an increase in Kupffer cells following PGHE administrations. The results of this trial indicated that although there were no significant changes in most hematological and biochemical parameters, PGHE could induce some adverse pathological effects on liver tissue. 相似文献
52.
Maliheh Barazandeh Tehrani Zahra Rezaei Mehdi Asadi Hossein Behnammanesh Hamid Nadri Fatemeh Afsharirad Alireza Moradi Bagher Larijani Maryam Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani Mohammad Mahdavi 《化学与生物多样性》2019,16(7)
A new series of coumarin‐3‐carboxamide‐N‐morpholine hybrids 5a – 5l was designed and synthesized as cholinesterases inhibitors. The synthetic approach for title compounds was started from the reaction between 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde derivatives and Meldrum's acid to afford corresponding coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acids. Then, amidation of the latter compounds with 2‐morpholinoethylamine or N‐(3‐aminopropyl)morpholine led to the formation of the compounds 5a – 5l . The in vitro inhibition screen against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) revealed that most of the synthesized compounds had potent AChE inhibitory while their BuChE inhibitions are moderate to weak. Among them, propylmorpholine derivative 5g (N‐[3‐(morpholin‐4‐yl)propyl]‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carboxamide) bearing an unsubstituted coumarin moiety and ethylmorpholine derivative 5d (6‐bromo‐N‐[2‐(morpholin‐4‐yl)ethyl]‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carboxamide) bearing a 6‐bromocoumarin moiety showed the most activity against AChE and BuChE, respectively. The inhibitory activity of compound 5g against AChE was 1.78 times more than that of rivastigmine and anti‐BuChE activity of compound 5d is approximately same as rivastigmine. Kinetic and docking studies confirmed the dual binding site ability of compound 5g to inhibit AChE. 相似文献
53.
Muther Mansoor Qaisrani Ahmad Zaheer Muhammad Sajjad Mirza Tahir Naqqash Tahira Batool Qaisrani Muhammad Kashif Hanif Ghulam Rasool Kauser Abdulla Malik Saleem Ullah Mohammad Sarwar Jamal Zeenat Mirza Sajjad Karim Mahmood Rasool 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2019,26(7):1344-1351
ObjectiveMaize is an important crop for fodder, food and feed industry. The present study explores the plant-microbe interactions as alternative eco-friendly sustainable strategies to enhance the crop yield.MethodologyBacterial diversity was studied in the rhizosphere of maize by culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques by soil sampling, extraction of DNA, amplification of gene of interest, cloning of desired fragment and library construction.ResultsCulturable bacteria were identified as Achromobacter, Agrobacterium, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Bosea, Enterobacter, Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Stenotrophomonas and Xanthomonas genera. For culture-independent approach, clone library of 16S ribosomal RNA gene was assembled and 100 randomly selected clones were sequenced. Majority of the sequences were related to Firmicutes (17%), Acidobacteria (16%), Actinobacteria (17%), Alpha-Proteobacteria (7%), Delta-proteobacteria (4.2%) and Gemmatimonadetes (4.2%) However, some of the sequences (30%) were novel that showed no homologies to phyla of cultured bacteria in the database. Diversity of diazotrophic bacteria in the rhizosphere investigated by analysis of PCR-amplified nifH gene sequence that revealed abundance of sequences belonging to genera Azoarcus (25%), Aeromonas (10%), Pseudomonas (10%). The diazotrophic genera Azotobacter, Agrobacterium and Zoogloea related nifH sequences were also detected but no sequence related to Azospirillum was found showing biasness of the growth medium rather than relative abundance of diazotrophs in the rhizosphere.ConclusionThe study provides a foundation for future research on focussed isolation of the Azoarcus and other diazotrophs found in higher abundance in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
54.
Asim Mehmood Umal Baneen Ahmad Zaheer Muhammad Wasim Sajid Abrar Hussain Shahzad Saleem Qudsia Yousafi Hamid Rashid Hassan Riaz Awais Ihsan Farrukh Jamil Yasar Sajjad Nageena Zahid Muhammad Shahzad Anjam Muhammad Arshad Zeenat Mirza Sajjad Karim Mahmood Rasool 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2019,26(7):1485-1491
ObjectivePhosphorous is an essential micronutrient of plants and involved in critical biological functions. In nature, phosphorous is mostly present in immobilized inorganic mineral and in the fixed organic form including phytic acid and phosphoesteric compounds. However, the bioavailability of bound phosphorous could be enhanced by the use of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The phytases are widespread in an environment and have been isolated from different sources comprising bacteria and fungi.MethodologyIn current studies, we show the successful use of gamma rays and EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate) mutagenesis for enhanced activity of phytases in a fungal strain Sporotrichum thermophile.ResultsWe report an improved strain ST2 that could produce a clear halo zone around the colony, up to 24 mm. The maximum enzymatic activity was found of 382 U/mL on pH 5.5. However, the phytase activity was improved to 387 U/ml at 45 °C. We also report that the mutants produced through EMS showed the greater potential for phytase production.ConclusionThe current study highlights the potential of EMS mutagenesis for strain improvement over physical mutagens. 相似文献
55.
Abbas Abbasnia Nader Yousefi Amir Hossein Mahvi Ramin Nabizadeh Majid Radfard Mahmood Yousefi 《人类与生态风险评估》2019,25(4):988-1005
The present study evaluates the groundwater quality for drinking and agricultural purposes and determines physicochemical characteristics of groundwater in the Sistan and Baluchistan province in Iran. In order to investigate the water quality, sampling was done in 654 open dug wells, the chemical parameters were analyzed, and water quality index was determined. In this regard, Langelier saturation index (LSI), Ryznar Stability index (RSI), Puckorius scaling index (PSI), Larson–Skold index (LS), and Aggressiveness index (AI) were considered to determine water suitability for industrial purposes. Finally, the analytical results were taken to generate the numerical spatial distribution of the parameters using the geographic information system (GIS) environment. According to the results, water sources were less corrosive based on AI and PSI, low and light corrosion according to RSI, and corrosion according to the Larsson–Sckold index. The results of the drinking water quality index showed that 1.2% shared extraction wells were classified as excellent, 52.1% as good, 39% as poor, 6% as very poor, and 1.7% as unsuitable for drinking purpose classes. In addition, irrigating water quality index illustrated that 19.9% and 80.1% wells were placed in the “excellent” and “Good” classes, respectively. Also, the quality of water in this study was categorized as brackish. 相似文献
56.
57.
The evolution of petroleum‐derived polymers is one of the crowning accomplishments of the past century. Although the significant economic gains from this industrial model of resource utilization are achieved, the environmental impacts are fatal. One of the principles of sustainable development is to replace such polymers with potential alternatives derived from renewable materials. Biopolymers derived from natural resources afford a new, versatile, environmentally benign feedstock that could exhibit closed‐loop life cycles as part of a future material's industrial ecology. However, the solubility and processability of biopolymer materials provoke a serious bottleneck owing to their dense networks of inter ‐ and intramolecular bondings and structural heterogeneity. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as promising green solvents and acquired augmented appreciation for their peerless power of biopolymer processing. Among the fourteen principle of green chemistry, the two key elements encourage the exploitation of renewable raw materials by using environmentally benign solvents that cover in dissolution of biopolymers using ILs. This mini review represents a brief overview of the comprehensive ILs assisted extraction and processing of various biopolymeric materials for value‐added applications. 相似文献
58.
Dextransuccrase (E.C 2.4.1.5) is a key enzyme in S. mutans for the metabolism of sucrose which helps in the adherence and accumulation of bacteria on tooth surface leading to the formation of dental caries. Dextransuccrase resembles in its catalytic properties with the brush boarder sucrase and exhibits pH dependent inhibitory and stimulatory effects in response to Na+. In this communication we studied the effect of monovalent cations on the activity of dextransuccrase from S. mutans. The percentage inhibition of dextransuccrase was 65% at 0.5 mM NaCl which enhanced to 90% at 20 mM sodium concentration. However there was no effect on dextransucrase activity in presence of other monovalent cations (Rb+, Cs+, and K+) tested. Enzyme activity was enhanced 20–24% in acidic pH but was strongly inhibited (59–89%) around neutral and alkaline pH by 0.5–2.0 mM sodium chloride. Upon dialysis, 86% of enzyme activity was restored to control values. There was no effect of 2 mM NaCl on glucosyltransferase activity of the enzyme. Kinetic studies revealed that enzyme showed biphasic effects in response to Na+ ions. At acidic pH the enzyme exhibited mixed type of activation affecting both Vmax and Km, while in alkaline pH, the enzyme showed V- type effect reducing Vmax by 74% without affecting Km. The effects of sodium ions on dextransuccrase activity were specific, thus it can be useful to block its catalytic activity, and reducing the cariogenic potential of S. mutans. 相似文献
59.
Mohammadi M Chalavi V Novakova-Sura M Laliberté JF Sylvestre M 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2007,97(3):496-505
Optimized plant-microbe bioremediation processes in which the plant initiates the metabolism of xenobiotics and releases the metabolites in the rhizosphere to be further degraded by the rhizobacteria is a promising alternative to restore contaminated sites in situ. However, such processes require that plants produce the metabolites that bacteria can readily oxidize. The biphenyl dioxygenase is the first enzyme of the bacterial catabolic pathway involved in the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls. This enzyme consists of three components: the two sub-unit oxygenase (BphAE) containing a Rieske-type iron-sulfur cluster and a mononuclear iron center, the Rieske-type ferredoxin (BphF), and the FAD-containing ferredoxin reductase (BphG). In this work, based on analyses with Nicotiana benthamiana plants transiently expressing the biphenyl dioxygenase genes from Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 and transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants transformed with each of these four genes, we have shown that each of the three biphenyl dioxygenase components can be produced individually as active protein in tobacco plants. Therefore, when BphAE, BphF, and BphG purified from plant were used to catalyze the oxygenation of 4-chlorobiphenyl, detectable amounts of 2,3-dihydro-2, 3-dihydroxy-4'-chlorobiphenyl were produced. This suggests that creating transgenic plants expressing simultaneously all four genes required to produce active biphenyl dioxygenase is feasible. 相似文献