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51.
Subramanian M Chintalwar GJ Chattopadhyay S 《Indian journal of biochemistry & biophysics》2003,40(1):22-26
Radioprotective activity of a polysaccharide preparation from the Indian medicinal plant. Tinospora cordifolia Miers has been established using Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180 strain as the in vivo test model. The entire activity could be attributed to the radical scavenging capacity of the preparation, as it did not enhance the expression of the protective enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase in the yeast cells. 相似文献
52.
Drosophila nasuta albomicans (with 2n = 6), contains a pair of metacentric neo-sex chromosomes. Phylogenetically these are products of centric fusion
between ancestral sex (X, Y) chromosomes and an autosome (chromosome 3). The polytene chromosome complement of males with
a neo-X- and neo-Y-chromosomes has revealed asynchrony in replication between the two arms of the neo-sex chromosomes. The
arm which represents the ancestral X-chromosome is faster replicating than the arm which represents ancestral autosome. The
latter arm of the neo-sex chromosome is synchronous with other autosomes of the complement. We conclude that one arm of the
neo-X/Y is still mimicking the features of an autosome while the other arm has the features of a classical X/Y-chromosome.
This X-autosome translocation differs from the other evolutionary X-autosome translocations known in certain species ofDrosophila. 相似文献
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55.
Philine G. D. Feulner Frédéric J. J. Chain Mahesh Panchal Yun Huang Christophe Eizaguirre Martin Kalbe Tobias L. Lenz Irene E. Samonte Monika Stoll Erich Bornberg-Bauer Thorsten B. H. Reusch Manfred Milinski 《PLoS genetics》2015,11(2)
The patterns of genomic divergence during ecological speciation are shaped by a combination of evolutionary forces. Processes such as genetic drift, local reduction of gene flow around genes causing reproductive isolation, hitchhiking around selected variants, variation in recombination and mutation rates are all factors that can contribute to the heterogeneity of genomic divergence. On the basis of 60 fully sequenced three-spined stickleback genomes, we explore these different mechanisms explaining the heterogeneity of genomic divergence across five parapatric lake and river population pairs varying in their degree of genetic differentiation. We find that divergent regions of the genome are mostly specific for each population pair, while their size and abundance are not correlated with the extent of genome-wide population differentiation. In each pair-wise comparison, an analysis of allele frequency spectra reveals that 25–55% of the divergent regions are consistent with a local restriction of gene flow. Another large proportion of divergent regions (38–75%) appears to be mainly shaped by hitchhiking effects around positively selected variants. We provide empirical evidence that alternative mechanisms determining the evolution of genomic patterns of divergence are not mutually exclusive, but rather act in concert to shape the genome during population differentiation, a first necessary step towards ecological speciation. 相似文献
56.
Biswajit Brahma Sushil Kumar Bidhan Chandra De Purusottam Mishra Mahesh Chandra Patra Deepak Gaur Meenu Chopra Devika Gautam Sourav Mahanty Hrudananda Malik Dhruba Malakar Tirtha Kumar Datta Sachinandan De 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are innate immune receptors that recognize bacterial cell wall components and initiate host immune response. Structure and function of NLRs have been well studied in human and mice, but little information exists on genetic composition and role of these receptors in innate immune system of water buffalo—a species known for its exceptional disease resistance. Here, a comparative study on the functional domains of NOD1 and NOD2 was performed across different species. The NOD mediated in-vitro cellular responses were studied in buffalo peripheral blood mononuclear cells, resident macrophages, mammary epithelial, and fibroblast cells. Buffalo NOD1 (buNOD1) and buNOD2 showed conserved domain architectures as found in other mammals. The domains of buNOD1 and buNOD2 showed analogy in secondary and tertiary conformations. Constitutive expressions of NODs were ubiquitous in different tissues. Following treatment with NOD agonists, peripheral lymphocytes showed an IFN-γ response along-with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Alveolar macrophages and mammary epithelial cells showed NOD mediated in-vitro immune response through NF-κB dependent pathway. Fibroblasts showed pro-inflammatory cytokine response following agonist treatment. Our study demonstrates that both immune and non-immune cells could generate NOD-mediated responses to pathogens though the type and magnitude of response depend on the cell types. The structural basis of ligand recognition by buffalo NODs and knowledge of immune response by different cell types could be useful for development of non-infective innate immune modulators and next generation anti-inflammatory compounds. 相似文献
57.
Ryan P. O’Connell Hassan Musa Mario San Martin Gomez Uma Mahesh Avula Todd J. Herron Jerome Kalifa Justus M. B. Anumonwo 《PloS one》2015,10(8)
Background
Epicardial adiposity and plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) are elevated in atrial fibrillation, heart failure and obesity, with potentially detrimental effects on myocardial function. As major components of epicardial fat, FFAs may be abnormally regulated, with a potential to detrimentally modulate electro-mechanical function. The cellular mechanisms underlying such effects of FFAs are unknown.Objective
To determine the mechanisms underlying electrophysiological effects of palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) FFAs on sheep atrial myocytes.Methods
We used electrophysiological techniques, numerical simulations, biochemistry and optical imaging to examine the effects of acutely (≤ 15 min), short-term (4–6 hour) or 24-hour application of individual FFAs (10 μM) on isolated ovine left atrial myocytes (LAMs).Results
Acute and short-term incubation in FFAs resulted in no differences in passive or active properties of isolated left atrial myocytes (LAMs). 24-hour application had differential effects depending on the FFA. PA did not affect cellular passive properties but shortened (p<0.05) action potential duration at 30% repolarization (APD30). APD50 and APD80 were unchanged. SA had no effect on resting membrane potential but reduced membrane capacitance by 15% (p<0.05), and abbreviated APD at all values measured (p≤0.001). OA did not significantly affect passive or active properties of LAMs. Measurement of the major voltage-gated ion channels in SA treated LAMs showed a ~60% reduction (p<0.01) of the L-type calcium current (ICa-L) and ~30% reduction (p<0.05) in the transient outward potassium current (ITO). A human atrial cell model recapitulated SA effects on APD. Optical imaging showed that SA incubated for 24 hours altered t-tubular structure in isolated cells (p<0.0001).Conclusions
SA disrupts t-tubular architecture and remodels properties of membrane ionic currents in sheep atrial myocytes, with potential implications in arrhythmogenesis. 相似文献58.
59.
Vinod R. Hegde Scott Borges Haiyan Pu Mahesh Patel Vincent P. Gullo Bonnie Wu Paul Kirschmeier Michael J. Williams Vincent Madison Thierry Fischmann Tze-Ming Chan 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2010,20(4):1384-1387
Several analogs of aristolochic acids were isolated and derivatized into their lactam derivatives to study their inhibition in CDK2 assay. The study helped to derive some conclusions about the structure–activity relation around the phenanthrin moiety. Semi-synthetic aristolactam 21 showed good activity with inhibition IC50 of 35 nM in CDK2 assay. The activity of this compound was comparable to some of the most potent synthetic compounds reported in the literature. 相似文献
60.