Physicochemical properties of pyocin F1.

The physiochemical properties of pyocin F1 were studied. Pyocin F1 consists of flexuous rod-like particles homogenous in size. Each particle was composed of rod and fiber parts. The rod part was 105.5 +/- 9.5 nm long and 10.0 +/- 1.4 nm wide, and showed regular striations amounting to 23 layers. The fiber part was composed of several filaments; the length of the longest filament was 43.0 +/- 12.0 nm. The amino acid composition, the partial specific volume (0.720 ml/g), the sedimentation coefficient (S020,W = 35.1S), and the translational diffusion constant (0.94 +/- 0.01 x 10(-7) cm2/s) were determined. The particle weight was calculated to be 3.23 x 10(6) daltons.     

Isolation and culture of protoplasts from moss protonemata

Protoplats were enzymatically prepared from protonemata of the mossPlagiomnium vesicatum, which was cultured on a Murashige-Skoog's medium supplemented with 0.2% yeast extract and solidified with agar. The protoplasts incubated in soft agar medium containing sucrose began to divide after 15 days of incubation, and after 50 days 10- to 15-cell aggregates were present. When transferred to a sugar-free medium, the cells in the aggregates grew into filaments.     

Interaction between Sendai virus and KB cell lines with altered cell fusion ability: a study employing electron spin resonance.

The nature of the interaction between Sendai virus and Sil mutant cells was examined by measuring a change in ESR spectrum of spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine molecules on the viral envelope. When spin-labeled virus was incubated with the Sil cells that had a reduced ability to respond to virus-induced cell fusion, interchange of the phospholipid molecules between viral envelope and cell surface membrane occurred to a smaller extent than that observed with parental cells. Moreover, the degree of the interchanging correlated with the degree of the fusion capacity of the mutant lines. The results show that the mutant cells carry such a lesion(s) on their surface membranes that the viral envelopes can hardly fuse into them.     

The location of ribosomal cistrons (rDNA) in chromosomes of the rat

In situ hybridization of ³H-labelled ribosomal RNA to the chromosomes of rat bone marrow cells revealed that clusters of ribosomal cistrons (rDNA) are located in the secondary constrictions of chromosomes No. 3 and 12 and near the centromere of chromosome No. 11, both associated with the late DNA-replicating regions. They were not found in Nos. 1, 2, 13, 19, 20, and the Y chromosome.     

Effect of temperature on motility and chemotaxis of Escherichia coli.

The swimming velocity of Escherichia coli at various constant temperatures was found to increase with increasing temperature. The frequency of tumbling had a peak at 34 degrees C and was very low both at 20 and at 39 degrees C. The swimming tracks near the surface of a slide glass showed curves, and the curvature increased the temperature. When the temperature of a bacterial suspension was suddenly changed, a transient change of the tumbling frequency was observed. A temperature drop induced a temporary increase in the tumbling frequency, and a quick rise of temperature, on the other hand, resulted in a temporary suppression of the tumbling. These dynamic responses to sudden changes of temperature was not observed in the smoothly swimming nonchemotactic strains bearing the mutations cheA and cheC and also in a mutant with the metF mutation under a smooth swimming condition.     

Enantiomeric cuparene-type sesquiterpenoids from Bazzania pompeana

Two enantiomeric cuparene-type sesquiterpenoids, (R)-(−)-cuparene (1) and (R)-(−)-δ-cuparenol (2), have been isolated from the liverwort, Bazzania pompeana. The structures and absolute configurations of the two compounds have been determined.     

Genetic polymorphisms of blood proteins in the troops of Japanese macaques,Macaca fuscata: IV. Erythrocyte esterase polymorphism inMacaca fuscata

Genetic variation at the locus controlling A₁ band of erythrocyte esterase was found in the Japanese macaque,Macaca fuscata. Existence of four alleles,Es-A ₁ ¹ ,Es-A ₁ ² ,Es-A ₁ ³ , andEs-A ₁ ⁴ , controlling the mobility of the band and codominance relation between them were postulated. A majority of the troops examined were monomorphic inEs-A ₁ 1-1 phenotype, and the variant phenotypes were observed to occur only in Yugawara-Ihama, Arashiyama, and Koshima areas.     

Development of microbodies in Candida tropicalis during incubation in a n-alkane medium

Development of microbodies in Candida tropicalis pK 233 was studied mainly by electron microscopical observation. The yeast cells, precultured on malt extract, scarcely contained microbodies and showed very low catalase activity. When the precultured cells were transferred to a n-alkane medium and incubated with shaking, the number of microbodies increased and concomitantly the activity of catalase was enhanced. That is, both the area ratio of microbodies in the cell and the ratio of microbodies to cytoplasm in area increased significantly during the utilization of n-alkanes for 8 hrs. Localization of catalase in the microbodies was demonstrated cytochemically by use of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine, but other organella in the cell, except for vacuoles appearing in the early growth phase and mitochondria, were not stained with this reagent. Microbodies seemed to grow by division. Biogenesis of microbodies in the yeast cells is also discussed.