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521.
Locus prl5 improves lodging resistance of rice by delaying senescence and increasing carbohydrate reaccumulation. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Takayuki Kashiwagi Yuka Madoka Naoki Hirotsu Ken Ishimaru 《Plant Physiology and Biochemistry》2006,44(2-3):152-157
We investigated the reason for carbohydrate retention in the stem of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at full-ripe stage in a near-isogenic line (NIL63) carrying prl5, which confers lodging resistance without yield loss. NIL63 showed higher lodging resistance than Nipponbare (control) without reduced yield. At heading, the carbohydrate content in the NIL63 stem (culm and leaf sheathes) was the same as in Nipponbare. At 2 weeks after heading, the carbohydrate content in NIL63 was significantly higher than in Nipponbare. At 4 weeks after heading, the carbohydrate content in NIL63 had decreased to near the level in Nipponbare. At 6 weeks after heading, NIL63 showed higher carbohydrate reaccumulation. Chlorophyll degradation in the leaf blades of NIL63 was slower, and the chlorophyll content at 6 weeks after heading was higher than in Nipponbare. These results suggest that the delay in leaf senescence by prl5 results in carbohydrate reaccumulation in the stem after grain filling, increasing lodging resistance. 相似文献
522.
Effect of prolactin on the testicular luteinizing hormone binding was studied in a serum-free culture system. By the collagenase
digestion of decapsulated testes taken out from 25-day-old rats, Leydig cells were isolated and cultured for 7 days in DME/F12
(1:1) medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, epidermal growth factor, and gentamicin. The cultured cells exhibited
the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Hill plots constructed from the data of competition experiment showed that the
dissociation constant (Kd) was 0.33 × 10–10M. The Kd value was approximately the same as the known value for the rat testicular homogenates. When the Leydig cells were cultured
with ovine prolactin for the last 3 days of 7-day culture period, the binding of luteinizing hormone increased to 1.7-fold
ofthat in the control group. From these results it is concluded that prolactin acts to up-regulate the binding of luteinizing
hormone to rat testicular Leydig cells in serum-free culture 相似文献
523.
Yuko Ogawa Yoshihiro Akimoto Mamoru Ikemoto Yoshikuni Goto Anna Ishikawa Sakura Ohta Yumi Takase Hayato Kawakami Masafumi Tsujimoto Ryohei Yanoshita 《Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports》2021
BackgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have been isolated from various sources, including primary and cultured cell lines and body fluids. Previous studies, including those conducted in our laboratory, have reported the stability of EVs under various storage conditions.MethodsEVs from human whole saliva were separated via size-exclusion chromatography. To simulate the effects of gastric or intestinal fluids on the stability of EVs, pepsin or pancreatin was added to the samples. Additionally, to determine the effect of bile acids, sodium cholate was added. The samples were then subjected to western blotting, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. In addition, the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV retained in the samples was examined to monitor the stability of EVs.ResultsUnder acidic conditions, with pepsin mimicking the milieu of the stomach, the EVs remained stable. However, they partially lost their membrane integrity in the presence of pancreatin and sodium cholate, indicating that they may be destabilized after passing through the duodenum. Although several associated proteins, such as mucin 5B and CD9 were degraded, DPP IV was stable, and its activity was retained under the simulated gastrointestinal conditions.ConclusionOur data indicate that although EVs can pass through the stomach without undergoing significant damage, they may be disrupted in the intestine to release their contents. The consistent delivery of active components such as DPP IV from EVs into the intestine might play a role in the efficient modulation of homeostasis of the signal transduction pathways occurring in the gastrointestinal tract. 相似文献
524.
525.
We cloned and sequenced the cDNA encoding tyrosinase (TYN) of the Japanese pond frog, Rana nigromaculata. The 3511-bp cDNA contained a 54-bp 5'-noncoding region, a 1596-bp open reading frame encoding TYN of 532 amino acids (aa), and a 1861-bp 3'-noncoding region. The aa sequence of frog TYN predicted from the cDNA sequence was homologous to that of mouse and human TYNs. The aa sequence including the copper-binding domain, which is likely the active center of TYN, was highly conserved among these three species and Neurospora crassa, Streptomyces antibioticus, and S. glaucescens. The frog TYN also contains possible glycosylation sites and conserved Cys at sites similar to those in the mouse and human TYNs. There are two hydrophobic regions at the N-terminus and near the C-terminus, which are likely the signal (leader) peptide and a transmembrane domain, respectively. 相似文献
526.
Itoh Takeshi; Aiba Hiroji; Baba Tomoya; Hayashi Kouji; Inada Toshifumi; Isono Katumi; Kasai Hiroaki; Kimura Shigenobu; Kitakawa Madoka; Kitagawa Masanari; Makino Kozo; Miki Takeyoshi; Mizobuchi Kiyoshi; Mori Hirotada; Mori Tomoko; Motomura Kouji; Nakade Shinsuke; Nakamura Yoshikazu; Nashimoto Hiroko; Nishio Yoshitaka; Oshima Taku; Saito Noriko; Sampei Gen-ichi; Seki Yasushi; Sivasundaram Suharnan; Tagami Hideaki; Takeda Jun-ichi; Takemoto Keiko; Wada Chieko; Yamamoto Yoshihiro; Horiuchi Takashi 《DNA research》1996,3(6):379-392
The 465,813 base pair sequence corresponding to the 40.150.0min region on the genetic map of Escherichia coli K-12 (W3110)was determined. Analysis of the sequence revealed that thisregion contained at least 466 potential open reading frames,of which 187 (40%) were previously reported, 105 (23%) werehomologous to other known genes, 103 (22%) were identical orsimilar to hypothetical genes registered in databases, and theremaining 71 (15%) did not show a significant similarity toany other gene. At the 45.246.0 min region, we founda very large cluster of about 30 genes, whose functions areinvolved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides as the componentsof outer membranes. In addition, we identified anew asn-tRNAgene, designated asnW, between the asnT and asnU genes and anew lysogenic phage attachment site as the cis-element. 相似文献
527.
The conversion of beta-carotene to retinal and the succeeding metabolic process of the retinal leading to production of retinol and retinyl esters are the prerequisite for the utilization of beta-carotene as a provitamin A. These processes are participated by beta-carotene cleavage enzyme, retinal reductase and retinol esterifying enzyme(s) in the small intestine. To examine whether these enzymes exhibit the coordinated distribution in the villus, we have used the cryostat sectioning technique to quantify the activities of beta-carotene cleavage enzyme, retinal reductase and retinol esterifying enzymes along the villus-crypt axis in 8-day-old chick duodenum. The beta-carotene cleavage enzyme activity was very low in the crypt and gradually increased, reaching a maximum in the mid-villus. The villus-crypt gradient of the beta-carotene cleavage enzyme activity corresponded with those of retinal reductase activity and lecithin: retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity, but distinct from that of acyl-CoA: retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) activity. Furthermore, the distribution of the content of retinyl esters was similar to that of LRAT activity. These results suggest that the beta-carotene cleavage enzyme is coordinately distributed along the villus-crypt axis with retinal reductase and LRAT, the two enzymes which require cellular retinol-binding protein, typeII (CRBPII) as the donor of the substrate. 相似文献
528.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the structure of product-inhibited mammalian peroxidase. Lactoperoxidase is a heme containing an enzyme that catalyzes the inactivation of a wide range of microorganisms. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, it preferentially converts thiocyanate ion into a toxic hypothiocyanate ion. Samples of bovine lactoperoxidase containing thiocyanate (SCN−) and hypothiocyanate (OSCN−) ions were purified and crystallized. The structure was determined at 2.3-Å resolution and refined to Rcryst and Rfree factors of 0.184 and 0.221, respectively. The determination of structure revealed the presence of an OSCN− ion at the distal heme cavity. The presence of OSCN− ions in crystal samples was also confirmed by chemical and spectroscopic analysis. The OSCN− ion interacts with the heme iron, Gln-105 Nɛ1, His-109 Nɛ2, and a water molecule W96. The sulfur atom of the OSCN− ion forms a hypervalent bond with a nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring D of the heme moiety at an S–N distance of 2.8 Å. The heme group is covalently bound to the protein through two ester linkages involving carboxylic groups of Glu-258 and Asp-108 and the modified methyl groups of pyrrole rings A and C, respectively. The heme moiety is significantly distorted from planarity, whereas pyrrole rings A, B, C, and D are essentially planar. The iron atom is displaced by ≈0.2 Å from the plane of the heme group toward the proximal site. The substrate channel resembles a long tunnel whose inner walls contain predominantly aromatic residues such as Phe-113, Phe-239, Phe-254, Phe-380, Phe-381, Phe-422, and Pro-424. A phosphorylated Ser-198 was evident at the surface, in the proximity of the calcium-binding channel. 相似文献
529.
530.
To clarify the humoral immunity in herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, HSV-specific IgM, IgA and IgG subclass antibody responses were studied in patients with genital herpes: 17 primary, 13 recurrent and 6 nonprimary first episode. A total of 181 serum samples serially collected from the patients, 5 per patient until 213 days after the onset of disease (on average), were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IgGl, IgG3 and IgA were detected in all patients with primary and nonprimary infections, whereas IgG4 was detected in 74% of only those with nonprimary infections and IgG2 was detected in none. IgM was detected in 100% of the patients with primary infections, but also in 68% of those with nonprimary infections. IgA showed a peak similar to that of IgM in patients with primary infections. No significant difference was observed in the detection rate or pattern of antibody responses between the recurrent and nonprimary first episode infections, nor between the HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections. These findings may be useful to improve the diagnostic potential of HSV serology. 相似文献